Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of the limitations associated with the present tumor markers for prostate cancer, we have examined the potential expression of two further markers, Cathepsin-D and pS2, in human prostate and attempted to link their concentrations with the histopathology of the tissue, the PSA levels and the androgenic status of the gland. Cathepsin-D and pS2 were measured in cytosol fractions obtained from 22 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 20 patients with prostate cancer (CaP) employing immunoassays specific for these markers. The concentrations of Cathepsin-D (BPH: mean +/- SEM = 18.50 +/- 1.88 nmol/g protein; CaP = 19.75 +/- 2.49 nmol/g protein) and pS2 (BPH = 1,024.7 +/- 348.06 ng/g protein; CaP = 1,513.88 +/- 268.60 ng/g protein) were not different in the two tissue types, whereas PSA in BPH tissue (1,952.27 +/- 249.93 micrograms/g protein) was significantly higher than the measurements in CaP (583.75 +/- 104.33 micrograms/g protein). However, none of the tumor marker concentrations correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumors, and we were unable to establish any correlation with the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the tissue. In conclusion, although Cathepsin-D and pS2 are expressed in prostate tissue, it is doubtful whether they will have an active role in the management of prostate cancer.
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PMID:The distribution of PSA, cathepsin-D, and pS2 in BPH and cancer of the prostate. 127 46

Correlations between the serum levels of PAP and PSA before and 1, 3 and 6 months after orchidectomy in 27 prostatic cancer patients (advanced clinical stages C and D according to Whitemore scale) were studied. The PSA values correlated more distinctly than PAP with the general clinical condition. PSA is a reliable tumour marker when used at regular intervals, especially for monitoring therapeutic results. A high preoperative PSA level correlates with a high postoperative level and progression of the disease.
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PMID:The prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serum of patients with prostate cancer after orchidectomy. 128 Nov 45

Analysis of the clinical progression of 61 patients with prostate cancer undergoing hormone therapy. PSA allowed early detection in 86.9% cases. In 25 patients no rescue treatment was instituted, and 36 patients were treated with estramustine phosphate resulting in decreased PSA levels in 58% and objective response in 36%. Of these, 82% showed decreased PSA levels for over six months. Survival rate was higher in respondent, treated patients and comparable in non-respondents, treated versus non treated patients.
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PMID:[Clinical course of hormone refractory cancer of the prostate]. 128 86

A silver colloid technique for the staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was applied to paraffin sections of 52 clinical prostate cancers, 5 incidental carcinomas of the prostate, 12 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) specimens and 7 normal prostates. The mean numbers of silver-stained NORs (AgNORs) in these lesions were 3.12 +/- 0.52 in clinical cancer, 2.65 +/- 0.64 in incidental cancer, 1.66 +/- 0.16 in BPH, and 1.76 +/- 0.22 in normal prostate. There was a statistically significant difference in agNORs numbers between cancer and benign prostatic tissues (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in AgNORs numbers between incidental and clinical carcinoma of the prostate. In clinical cancer, only poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a statistically larger number of AgNORs than the well or moderately differentiated group (p < 0.02). Correlation between AgNORs numbers and clinical stage was not obvious. There was no relationship between the number of AgNORs and serum values of tumor markers such as PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm. Moreover, the AgNORs numbers did not show a relation to decreasing rates of serum marker levels during successful anti-androgen therapy. If the patients with prostate cancer were divided into two groups by 2.9 of AgNORs number, the group with the smaller number of AgNORs (n = 14) was found to have a tendency towards a longer disease-stabilizing period than the larger group (n = 17).
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in prostate cancer. 128 98

The diagnostic value of the tumour markers: PSA, PAP and AcP was studied before treatment in 379 men (47 with prostatic cancer--PC, 306 with benign hyperplasia--PBH, and 26 healthy subjects--control group CG). PSA was determined by the enzymoimmune method, and the phosphatases were evaluated by the spectrophotometric method. Raised level of PSA was found in PBH--the highest value--23.3 ng/ml. After accepting the cutting off values (1.9 ng/ml and 23.3 ng/ml), even in 93% of patients with PC, the level of PSA exceeded the second of those values. A significant growing tendency was found of PSA together with the degree of clinical progression of PC (in stages C and D--in 100% of patients). PSA, as compared with the phosphatases, is a much more sensitive biochemical marker, exceeding them many times in sensitivity.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in comparison to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in prostatic cancer and adenoma]. 128 61

Progression after radical prostatectomy, evaluated by a rise in plasma PSA and/or the appearance of a pelvic nodule positive on biopsy and/or the presence of bone metastases confirmed by bone scan, was studied in a series of patients with prostatic cancer with a follow-up of between 6 months and 5 years. The progression-free survival rate was 86% at 1 year and 60% at 5 years. A progression-free survival rate and the relative risk of progression were established on the basis of the morphological characteristics (anatomical stage, tumour volume, seminal vesicle invasion, condition of the prostatic capsule and lymph nodes, positive resection margins at the apex) and histological features (Gleason's score) of the cancer, allowing determination of the influence of prognostic criteria on the outcome. The positive resection margins at the apex were due to preservation of the nervi erigentes. The preservation of the neurovascular pedicles may not be justified in the case of a tumour confined to the prostatic apex.
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PMID:[Progression after radical prostatectomy of cancer of the prostate: prognostic criteria and the role of PSA in monitoring]. 128 86

The proposal of an early diagnosis of prostate cancer through mass screening with digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and serum tumor markers remains controversial: there is no high risk population. No study has proven that mass screening reduces the mortality from prostate cancer. However, when clinical and biological data give arguments for the presence of a cancer, every patient requires a prostate biopsy. We have studied the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of each test in a selected population: 200 men over 50 years of age in which rectal examination or PSA assay was suspicious were investigated. Without any reference to the prostate volume, we considered that the PSA level was "suspicious" when it reached 3 times the upper reference value, or 12 ng/ml. DRE was suspicious in 73%, comprising 50% with prostate carcinoma. PSA assay was suspicious in 65%, comprising 61% with prostate carcinoma. 88% of cancers had a suspicious DRE or PSA assay. TRUS was suspicious in 89%, comprising 45% with prostate carcinoma. Ultrasound guided core biopsies were performed in each case, and allowed a positive diagnosis in 42% of cases, whereas bilateral fine-needle cyto-aspirates were positive in 87% of histologically proven carcinomas. Cytology alone was positive in 3 patients with negative biopsies. Both results show that the PPV of a suspicious DRE associated with an elevated PSA level is 84%. An increased PSA level is correlated with a cancer in 61%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Early diagnosis of prostatic cancer with digital rectal examination, PSA determination, and endorectal echography. Correlations with the morphologic diagnosis in 200 consecutive cases]. 128 56

The incidence of prostate cancer in the UK is increasing, and the disease is being detected more often in younger patients (e.g. from routine PSA measurement during health-care screening). Left untreated, a significant proportion of patients will undergo progression of their disease locally and/or develop metastases. Modern imaging techniques have greatly aided the assessment of early prostatic cancer, enabling both accurate assessment of the primary tumour and giving valuable information regarding lymph node metastases. PSA measurements are also extremely helpful, and this has replaced acid phosphatase as a marker for prostatic malignancy. Controversy still remains, however, over the best form of management. Radical prostatectomy undoubtedly produces the best results in the literature, but the patients are highly selected (e.g. those with nodal metastases are excluded) and some patients with well differentiated tumours may have been over-treated, as they may have been expected to do well with surveillance alone. Full clinical trials are required in identically staged patients to assess the relative merits of surveillance, radiotherapy and surgery, and this should now be possible with recent advances in imaging techniques.
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PMID:Current trends in the management of localised prostate cancer. 130 88

Biologic properties of breast cancer in men that might reflect alterations in pathogenesis from the disease in women were examined. We studied 22 tumors from males, 18 invasive carcinomas, three of which were papillary, and three in situ tumors of which one was papillary, and one papilloma. Our data support the previously reported high incidence of papillary carcinoma in men. Estrogen receptor status and the expression of cancer-associated antigens recognized by antibodies DF3, B73.2, SP-1, and c-erbB-2 were compared to matched tumors from females. Immunocytochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using standard avidin-biotin techniques; anti-PSA was used to exclude the possibility of metatastic prostate cancer, and 12 cases of gynecomastia were included as nonmalignant controls. The incidence of estrogen receptor positivity was higher in tumors from males (73%) than from females (54%), as has been reported previously. The range of expression of all breast cancer antigens tested in male tumors was similar to that observed in females, but some interesting differences were noted. With the exception of the anti-mucin DF3, all the antibodies reacted only with neoplastic tissues. Expression of the oncoprotein c-erbB-2 was lower (17%) in males than in females (33%), despite the preponderance in men of the large-cell type carcinomas that have been associated with c-erbB-2 expression. Unexpectedly, the pregnancy-associated hormone detected by SP-1 was expressed in 33% of tumors from males and, in contrast to females, was found in less differentiated tumors.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical characterization of male breast cancer. 136 97

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to play a major role in cell structure and function. Several studies have demonstrated that the ECM can alter cell morphology and effect DNA synthesis and gene expression. The ECM also interacts with growth hormones which have been shown to be located in or near the ECM where they are believed to effect cell structure and function. In the nontransformed cell, these ECM and hormone-mediated effects appear to be tightly regulated and this is believed to be accomplished through cell receptor-tissue matrix interactions. We, therefore, undertook a study to determine the effects of a variety of ECM components and the adrogenic hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the structure and function of the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. The effects of individual matrix components in the presence and absence of 1 nM DHT on the static and dynamic morphology, growth rate, and PSA production of the LNCaP cell line were studied. We determine that the ECM and DHT interact in complex ways to effect cell structure and function. DHT produced alterations in cytoplasmic structure that increased cell size and decreased the nuclear area/cytoplasmic area ratio. Dynamic cell structure as measured by cell motility was very sensitive to the ECM components and the presence of DHT. PSA and growth could be regulated by substratum and DHT and there was an inverse relationship between PSA production and growth rate. These data exemplify the complex interactions which occur between prostate cancer cells, ECM components, and exogenous DHT that are reflected in cell structure and function.
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PMID:Effects of extracellular matrix components and dihydrotestosterone on the structure and function of human prostate cancer cells. 137 Oct 8


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