Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostatic blood flow was measured with 15oxygen-water by positron emission tomography using a 1-compartment model. A dynamic study method was applied to 9 normal subjects, 6 with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 11 with advanced stages C to D2 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostatic blood flow was 15.7 +/- 7.5 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in normal controls, 17.7 +/- 5.2 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in BPH patients and 29.4 +/- 7.8 ml. per minute per 100 gm. in prostatic cancer patients. Prostatic blood flow negatively correlated well with age in the normal subjects. Prostatic blood volume was also estimated by the steady state method using 15oxygen-carbon monoxide. Prostatic blood volume was 8.1 +/- 2.6% in normal controls, 8.9 +/- 1.1% in BPH patients and 6.1 +/- 2.1% in prostatic cancer patients. Blood flow in the prostatic cancer tissue was higher than that in the normal (p < 0.001) or BPH (p < 0.01) tissue. A significant difference in prostatic blood volume was also observed between BPH and cancer tissues (p < 0.02).
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PMID:Quantitative measurements of prostatic blood flow and blood volume by positron emission tomography. 127 12

Endoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 30 patients as part of the staging of prostate (19) or bladder (11) cancers. The technique, using a procedure of detachment of the retroperitoneal space with CO2 insufflation, is described. Complete bilateral dissection of the ilio-obturator lymph nodes was performed in 24 patients (80%) using conventional laparoscopic surgical equipment. Only a unilateral dissection could be performed in 6 other patients because of technical difficulties. The mean operating time was 72 minutes. The intraoperative and postoperative complications consisted of 2 venous injuries and one infection. A prospective study of systemic diffusion of CO2 demonstrated that the blood Co2 level increased significantly during the procedure, but could be controlled by adaptation of the ventilation. Postoperative monitoring of blood CO2 levels using a capnograph is recommended. 4 out of 30 patients (13%), 2 with prostate cancer and 2 with bladder cancer, had lymph node metastases. Amongst the other 26 patients, 12 were treated by radiotherapy (bladder cancer), 12 patients underwent perineal prostatectomy and 12 others underwent retropubic prostatectomy (5) or prostatocystectomy (7]). No intraoperative and postoperative morbidity related to endoscopic lymph node dissection was observed in the patients subsequently undergoing a radical operation. Endoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with CO2 insufflation is a rapid, safe and effective technique for staging of malignant pelvic tumours and constitutes an alternative to open surgery and to endoscopic transperitoneal surgery.
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PMID:[Extraperitoneal endoscopic lymph node dissection with insufflation in the staging of bladder and prostate cancer]. 130 17

Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy is a newly developed technique of lymph node dissection in patients with malignancy of the pelvic organs. Three patients with localized prostatic cancer underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The patients were 77 years old with stage C disease, 73 with stage B1, and 65 with stage A2. Five to ten lymph nodes were removed from each patient after laparoscopic procedures lasting 220 to 270 minutes. There were no complications during the procedures and their convalescence was uneventful. All lymph nodes were negative by pathological examination and a radical retropubic prostatectomy was done 2 weeks after the lymphadenectomy in two patients. The other patient was treated with external radiotherapy and bilateral orchiectomy. Patients with stage C cancer, a high serum level of prostate specific antigen or a high grade tumor are the best candidates for this less invasive staging procedure. The disadvantage of this procedure is long operation time and complications due to CO2 pneumoperitoneum.
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PMID:[Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer]. 138 21

A new technique of endosurgical pelvic lymph node dissection was performed for the staging of 10 prostate and 8 bladder cancers. The technique, involving an exclusive extraperitoneal space development with CO2 insufflation, is described in detail. Using the standard endosurgical (laparoscopic) equipment, we performed a complete bilateral ilio-obturator lymph node dissection in 15 patients (83%). In the remaining three patients, because of technical difficulties, only unilateral dissection was performed. The average operating time was 84 minutes. Morbidity was low (one instance of sepsis). Prospective assessment of CO2 homeostasis showed that arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) increased significantly but could be controlled by increasing minute ventilation output. Our results show that perioperative assessment of end-tidal CO2 partial pressure is necessary and sufficient for the adaptation of minute ventilation output. Two patients with prostate cancer had positive nodes. No intraoperative or postoperative morbidity related to the procedure was observed in patients submitted to radical surgery. Extraperitoneal endosurgical pelvic lymphadenectomy with CO2 insufflation is a rapid, safe, and effective method in the staging of urologic pelvic malignancies and represents an alternative to traditional open surgery as well as to conventional transperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy.
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PMID:Extraperitoneal endosurgical lymphadenectomy with insufflation in the staging of bladder and prostate cancer. 835 20

Between February 1994 and February 1995, we performed retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy on 7 patients with prostate cancer between 63 and 76 years old, consisting of 6 patients with clinical stage B2, and 1 patient with stage C. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures were performed under general anesthesia. First, the prevesical space was separated by a balloon dissector to create the working space. Then, three trocars were inserted into the retroperitoneal space at the lower abdominal midline. Except for the first patient, only two surgeons were needed to dissect the obturator lymph nodes, under 5 mmHg CO2 insufflation. The mean operating time was 133 minutes for bilateral lymphadenectomy. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 4.8 on the left side and 4.2 on the right side. The estimated blood loss ranged from 10 to 66 ml. As none of the patients showed node involvement on the microscopic examination of the frozen section, they immediately underwent total prostatectomy. Additionally removed lymph nodes were 0.8 on the left side and 1.5 on the right side. As for intraoperative complications, endotidal CO2 was elevated in the first patient, but the other patients had no complications. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe and useful procedure, and may facilitate a lymphadenectomy better than a peritoneal procedure.
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PMID:[Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for patients with prostate cancer]. 868 78

We have investigated the effect of antioxidant-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell lines that is augmented by testosterone (T). In this study, DU-145 (androgen unresponsive), ALVA-101 (partially androgen responsive), and LNCaP (androgen responsive) were grown in tissue culture with RPMI 1640 medium, 5-10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics and 5% CO2. Treatment with 2.5-20 microg/ml of PDTC significantly (P < 0.05, n = 6) lowered cell growth in all three cells 2-60% following treatment for 1-7 days. T (10(-12) M) alone enhances cell growth in androgen responsive cells. In contrast, the combination of PDTC and T significantly (P < 0.05, n = 6) augmented the PDTC induction of apoptosis in the androgen responsive cells, (ALVA-101 and LNCaP), but not in the androgen unresponsive cells (DU-145). PDTC reduced the nuclear NF-KB, as determined with an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), to 50% of the control in LNCaP cells, 65% in ALVA-101 cells and 45% in DU-145 cells, but the combination of PDTC and T was not more potent than PDTC alone in any of the cell lines. PDTC suppressed both the AR mRNA and protein expression and reversed the stimulatory effect of T on androgen receptor (AR) protein synthesis in LNCaP and AVLA-101 cells. In conclusion, PDTC is a potent growth inhibitor and an inducer of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by reducing nuclear NF-kappaB and AR protein expression. PDTCs suppression of AR synthesis and nuclear NF-kappaB in response to T may contribute to its enhancement of apoptosis observed with T and PDTC compared to PDTC alone.
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PMID:Testosterone is a potential augmentor of antioxidant-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. 1210 44

Laparoscopic techniques have become a standard approach for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in many surgical disciplines. Recent progress in endoscopic surgery is based on the integration of computer-enhanced telemanipulation systems. Because robot-assisted radical prostatectomies take up to 10 hours, the present study was performed to evaluate the effects of prolonged intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation on hemodynamics and gas exchange in 15 patients with prostate cancer. When CO2 insufflation was initiated, peak inspiratory pressure increased and reached significant values after a 1.5-hour period of intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation. With the release of CO2, peak inspiratory pressure decreased close to baseline values. A significant increase in heart rate was observed after a 4-hour period of increased intraabdominal pressure. Mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure remained stable during CO2 insufflation. Minute ventilation was adjusted according to repeated blood gas analyses to maintain pH, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3?), and PaCO2 within physiologic ranges. The present data show, that prolonged CO2 insufflation during totally endoscopic robot-assisted radical prostatectomy results in only minor changes in hemodynamics and acid-base status. Because of the limited experience with long-term pneumoperitoneum, we consider invasive haemodynamic monitoring and repeat blood gas analysis essential for such operations.
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PMID:Effects of prolonged pneumoperitoneum on hemodynamics and acid-base balance during totally endoscopic robot-assisted radical prostatectomies. 1229 11

We report the first case of intra-abdominal combustion involving the plastic covering of monopolar scissors secondary to use of incorrect gas (oxygen [O(2)] instead of carbon dioxide [CO(2)]) during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). The insufflating system was connected to a provisional O(2) gate into the operating theater. A patient underwent RALP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection for localized prostate cancer, according to standard technique. Approximately 1.5 h after the start of surgery, flames arose from the scissor tips during monopolar coagulation. After extinguishing the fire, we promptly withdrew and changed instruments before recognizing and resolving the cause of the incident. The procedure was carried out without patient injury, and the postoperative period was uneventful.
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PMID:Intra-abdominal fire due to insufflating oxygen instead of carbon dioxide during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: case report and literature review. 2070 29

Photoactivated carbon monoxide (CO) release by the iron carbonyl complex [Fe(II)(CO)(N4Py)](ClO(4))(2) (1) is described. Compound 1 is a low-spin ferrous complex that is highly stable and soluble in aerobic aqueous solutions. CO release was studied by the substitution of MeCN for CO, which displays saturation kinetics, and by the transfer of CO to deoxymyoglobin, which is slow in the dark but fast upon irradiation with UV light (365 nm). Compound 1 is active against PC-3 prostate cancer cells and shows potent photoinduced cytotoxicity. In addition, the iron carbonyl complex was attached to a short peptide toward the goal of tissue or cell-specific delivery.
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PMID:Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of the stable iron carbonyl complex [Fe(CO)(N4Py)](ClO4)2: photoactivated carbon monoxide release, growth inhibitory activity, and peptide ligation. 2161 79

Cryotherapy techniques date back as far as the mid-1800s, when James Arnott demonstrated the effectiveness of salt/ice mixtures in palliation of breast, uterine, and skin cancers. Subsequent advances saw the use of liquid air and solid carbon dioxide in the treatment of various conditions, particularly benign dermatologic lesions (1). Cooper and Lee introduced the first automated cryosurgical apparatus cooled by circulating liquid nitrogen in 1961 and initially used it for treating neuromuscular disorders (2). Liquid nitrogen probes were soon being used in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer, though complications were quite common, resulting in the procedures falling out of favor until the 1990s, when intraoperative ultrasound techniques were developed, allowing more accurate monitoring of the freezing process (1). The advent of "third-generation" argon and helium gas probes in 2000 and preoperative computer thermal mapping techniques have allowed even more precise placement, temperature control, and further reduction in post-procedural morbidity (3). Cryosurgical techniques are currently used to treat a wide variety of conditions, but significant urologic indications include treatment of low and intermediate risk prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma < 4 cm in diameter.
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PMID:Biophysiologic considerations in cryoablation: a practical mechanistic molecular review. 2223 99


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