Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84

In order to optimize methods developed for the radioimaging of prostatic cancer, the effect of unlabelled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) on the biodistribution of 111In-labelled MoAbs was studied in nude mice carrying human prostatic cancer xenografts (PC-82). Since the intact IgG and its F(ab')2 fragment have different clearance patterns from the blood, we also studied which of these antibody forms is preferable for use as the unlabelled antibody, when injected prior to, simultaneously with, or following the injection of the labelled antibody. Due to their faster blood clearance, F(ab')2 fragments displayed higher tumour-to-blood ratios than the corresponding anti-prostate-specific acid phosphatase (anti-PAP) IgG1. However, tumour-to-blood ratios increased when the amount of the labelled anti-PAP-IgG1 was increased (from 10 micrograms to 25 micrograms) and the biodistribution measurements were carried out after a prolonged period (216 h). When a combination of labelled IgG1 (1, 10 micrograms) and unlabelled IgG1 (200 micrograms-300 micrograms) was used, tumour-to-blood ratios could not be improved. Contrary to what was observed with the intact IgG1, labelled F(ab')2 fragments did not display a dose-dependent accumulation in the tumour. A combination of labelled F(ab')2 fragments and unlabelled IgG1 resulted in a slight increase in tumour-to-blood ratios, but the administration of labelled F(ab')2 fragments with unlabelled F(ab')2 fragments resulted in a significant decrease (p = 0.04) in tumour-to-blood ratios. Liver-to-blood ratios could be decreased by using either a combination of unlabelled and labelled IgG1 (at ratios of 30:1, or 200:1), or a combination of unlabelled IgG1 and labelled F(ab')2 fragments (at ratios of 50:1, or 100:1), or a combination of the unlabelled and labelled F(ab')2 fragments (at a ratio of 50:1). The decrease of liver-to-blood ratios was independent of the mode of administration of the unlabelled substances. A "rinse" with an additional dose of unlabelled IgG1, 24 h before the sacrifice, resulted in even lower liver-to-blood ratios. The results obtained from this study suggest that, of the combinations investigated, to increase tumour-to-blood ratios and decrease liver-to-blood ratios thereby improving the radioimaging of prostatic cancer, the best one consists of 111In-labelled anti-PAP-F(ab')2 fragments and unlabelled anti-PAP-IgG1.
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PMID:Effect of unlabelled monoclonal antibodies on the biodistribution of 111In-labelled anti-prostate-specific acid phosphatase monoclonal antibodies in the mouse model. 188 68

To investigate the efficacy and the safety of RU23908 for the treatment of prostatic cancer, an early phase 2 study with the oral administration of 150 or 300 mg daily was performed in 47 patients with stage C or D prostatic cancer at 15 institutions from April 1987 to June 1988. Forty patients were evaluable for efficacy. Concerning the effect on the object lesion, the results of the overall evaluation revealed that complete or partial response (CR + PR) was obtained in 34 of the 40 cases (85.0%). As to the effect classified by site, CR + PR were observed in 35 out of the 40 cases with primary lesion (87.5%), in 10 of the 22 cases with bone metastasis (45.5%), in 5 of the 6 cases with lymph node metastasis (83.3%) and CR was observed in one case with lung metastasis. In the PAP evaluation, 33 out of the 34 cases were judged to be CR + PR (97.1%). The improvement rate of clinical symptoms was 88.9% for bone pain, 83.3% for dysuria and 45.5% for performance status. Adverse reactions were observed in 29 of the 47 cases (61.7%) investigated and 7 cases (14.9%) were withdrawn. During the study period of 12 weeks and the subsequent period of continued administration, 6 cases (12.8%) and 2 possible cases of interstitial pneumonia were diagnosed. From the above results, the treatment of prostatic cancer with RU23908 150 mg/day or 300 mg/day in combination with surgical castration showed an excellent clinical effect compared to conventional endocrine therapy, but has a problem of safety. Therefore, this drug may be expected to be a highly useful therapeutic drug, if safely is improved in the future by reviewing the dose.
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PMID:[Clinical study of RU 23908 (nilutamide) in prostatic cancer]. 189 2

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Win 49,596, a novel steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in animal models of prostate cancer. In the first experiment, oral administration of Win 49,596 at doses of 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 28 days inhibited (P less than 0.05) the growth of the androgen-sensitive PAP variant of the Dunning R-3327 prostatic carcinoma in intact male rats relative to intact controls. The degree of inhibition at 100 and 300 mg/kg/day Win 49,596 was similar (P greater than 0.10) to that observed in castrate controls as well as in intact rats administered the nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist flutamide orally at 15 mg/kg/day. Castration as well as treatment with either Win 49,596 or flutamide also decreased (P less than 0.05) the weight of the prostate in tumor-bearing animals. Additional studies were conducted to determine the effect of Win 49,596 on the growth of the androgen-dependent PC-82 human prostatic carcinoma xenografted into athymic nude male mice. Oral administration of Win 49,596 at 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 35 days inhibited (P less than 0.05) tumor growth relative to intact controls. The degree of tumor inhibition was similar to that observed in intact male mice administered the nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist flutamide orally at 30 mg/kg/day but was less than that observed following castration. Ventral prostate weights were also reduced (P less than 0.05) in castrate mice as well as in intact mice administered either Win 49,596 or flutamide. In the last experiment, at equivalent total daily dosages of either 150 or 300 mg/kg/day Win 49,596, twice a day (BID) dosing was more effective than once a day (SID) dosing in inhibiting tumor growth. The inhibitory effects of Win 49,596 at 150 mg/kg BID on tumor growth were similar to those observed following castration. Although Win 49,596 treatment reduced (P less than 0.05) ventral prostate weights relative to intact controls, there was no difference (P greater than 0.10) between SID vs. BID dosing. Based on the results of these studies and subject to further testing, Win 49,596 may have utility in the treatment of hormonally dependent metastatic prostate cancer in humans.
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PMID:Evaluation of Win 49,596, a novel steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, in animal models of prostate cancer. 200 17

Serum activities of bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) were evaluated in 271 cancer patients; 120 of them had bone metastases (BM) and 151 had none. Correlation coefficients, specificities, sensitivities, negative and positive predicting values were computed. They showed the important contribution that these isoenzymes can bring to the diagnosis of BM in 80 patients with prostate cancer, and to the followup of 191 patients with breast cancer. The assay results were analysed in parallel with bone scan and radiography. They were also compared to those of serum antigens: PSA and PAP for prostate cancer, and CEA and CA15.3 for breast cancer. These results clearly indicate that both isoenzymes are better correlated with BM than antigens, these antigens being markers of the whole tumor burden--primary tumor, metastases, recurrence--whereas b-ALP and tr-ACP are specific markers of bone metabolism.
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PMID:[Evaluation of two serum isoenzyme phosphatases as bone metastasis markers]. 208 Dec 81

Patients with newly diagnosed prostatic cancer should be investigated with regard to the presence or absence of distant metastases by: (1) Clinical history especially of weight loss, recent pain, or analgesics intake. (2) Physical examination, looking especially for hepatic enlargement, peripheral lymph nodes, local bone tenderness. (3) Performance status. (4) Hemoglobin, creatinine, PSA and/or PAP, alkaline phosphatases, liver tests, testosterone. (5) Bone scan with X-ray of doubtful hot spots. (6) Chest X-ray. (7) Ultrasound scans (liver, kidney, lymph nodes) or CT scan may be indicated if abnormal blood parameters or in specific situations. (8) Other investigations are only indicated in special circumstances. Follow-up should include: (1), (2), (3), (4) every 3 months. For patients in clinical trials, depending on the end point, bone scan should be repeated every 6 months or possibly depending on the prognostic group (good: every 12 months; bad: 3 to 6 months). For routine clinical management, it could be repeated only when markers (PAP, PSA, alkaline phosphatase) show significant (25-50%) increase and provided the result will influence treatment. Other investigations should only be repeated or performed if abnormal at the start of if clinical data require them.
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PMID:The staging of M+ disease. 221 62

This paper highlights some problems in the application of different response criteria for prostatic cancer and discusses what the most practical response criteria is. In this paper, we present some results of a multi-institution collaborative clinical study which employed response criteria developed by a Japanese study group (the Japanese Response Criteria for Prostatic Cancer; JRCPC) are reported. The JRCPC assesses response of a number of foci of disease independently, i.e., primary prostatic lesion, bone metastatic lesions and serum PAP level as well as bidimensionally measurable lesions. The overall response is evaluated on the basis of the response for each of the above parameters. In the present study, the serum PAP level was found to be, at present, the most sensitive parameter for predicting survival of patients with prostatic cancer. If the response is evaluated and recorded as a function of each parameter, as in the case of the JRCPC, it is relatively easy to re-evaluate the results using other criteria, thereby making it possible to compare the results with the results of other studies which employ different criteria. In the future, it will be important to improve the accuracy of measurement of the response of a variety of parameters specific for prostatic cancer in order to establish reliable response criteria to evaluate therapy.
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PMID:Response criteria in research protocols for prostatic cancer. 221 83

gamma-Sm, the specific antigen of the prostate, is useful for the diagnosis and following-up of prostatic cancer. It is recognized as the tumor marker. The serum gamma-Sm is increased in some cases of acute prostatitis. We evaluated the serum gamma-Sm in patients with acute prostatitis. Serum gamma-Sm, PAP, CRP and WBC count were measured before treatment with antibiotics and 3 to 5 days and 1 week thereafter. In the acute phase of inflammation (before treatment) serum gamma-Sm increased in 62.5% of the cases. Then it decreased quickly and was within the normal range 3 to 5 days later. This change of serum gamma-Sm is similar to that of WBC count, fever and urinalysis. But the decrease of serum gamma-Sm is earlier than that of CRP. PAP does not increase in any phase of inflammation. It suggests that the serum gamma-Sm reflects cell damages of the prostatic gland or increased permeability due to prostatitis.
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PMID:[The changes of serum gamma-Sm level in acute prostatitis]. 228 14

The clinical usefulness of PAP and PA as a tumor marker for the prostate cancer were discussed. The materials for this study were 1385 cases which contained 158 cases with prostatic carcinoma. The positive rate of serum PAP and PA were 77.7% and 94.1% in untreated prostatic carcinoma and 15.1% and 70.0% in benign prostatic hypertrophy using 3.0 ng/ml as an upper limit of normal controls of serum PAP and PA. The cut off level in serum PA should be discussed more. PA was not superior to PAP as a tumor marker in the series, but our results have suggested the simultaneous assay of serum PAP and PA is valuable in detection and following-up of prostate cancer.
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PMID:[Tumor markers of prostate cancer--evaluation of serum PAP and PA]. 241 65

The diagnostic efficacy of two prostatic tumor markers, S-AP and S-PAP, was compared in a prospective clinical series consisting of 101 BPH- and 39 PCa-patients. As a predictor of prostatic cancer the specificity of S-AP (greater than or equal to 12 U/1) and S-PAP-RIA (greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/1) was 0.97 and 0.96, and the sensitivity 0.21 and 0.41, respectively. The S-PAP-RIA value of over 8 micrograms/1 always predicted an inoperable prostatic cancer (T4 or M1). The authors conclude that neither of these enzymes is suitable for the screening of early prostatic cancer, but the S-PAP-RIA might be a good predictor of inoperability of advanced prostatic cancer.
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PMID:A prospective comparative study on serum acid phosphatases in the diagnostics of prostatic cancer. 241 97


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