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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer screening of the elderly is warranted for those cancers for which early detection and treatment improve life expectancy. There is excellent evidence to include screening for breast cancer with clinical examination and mammography for elderly women. There is also reasonable evidence to screen for cervical cancer with PAP testing in elderly women who were previously unscreened, although there is no evidence to support continuing the practice in women who have had consecutive normal PAP tests. No evidence supports or refutes screening programs for colon, prostate, skin, or oral cancer in the elderly. The authors recommend including screening for colon and prostate cancer in the routine examination of office patients. The potential benefit for the rare patient in whom an early stage cancer is discovered and treated is large and worth both the physician's and patient's time and effort. The authors recommend screening only patients deemed to be at high risk for skin and oral cancer. The main factor favoring continued screening in the elderly is the burden of suffering and the pronounced increased incidence of the disease in old age. Lastly, the authors recommend against routine screening for lung cancer in the elderly.
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PMID:Can screening older patients for cancer save lives? 157 80

The author compared the tumour markers of hundred virginell prostatic cancer patients. There were investigated the activity of prostatic acid phosphatase (SP) and its isoenzyme (SPP) by enzymatic method (PAP) as well. The concentration of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was determined too. The sensibility of markers are growing on the row, SP, SPP, PAP, PSA. Summarising the results, the determination of PAP together with PSA seems to be not necessary. Because of the low price of SP, SPP their determinations is indicated in selected cases. Regarding of costs-benefit the author advises selected investigations in different stage and in different indications.
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PMID:[Comparison of the diagnostic value of different tumor markers in prostatic cancer patients]. 160 14

We are interested in the therapeutic response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy of relapsed prostate cancer. In 9 cases of prostate cancer treated by endocrine therapy, tumor markers (PAP.PA.gamma-Sm.Leu-7) and cell types at the start of endocrine therapy and that taken at a hormone independent point were compared between prostatic tissue obtained. All cases had a period of response to endocrine therapy, but subsequently relapsed. The results were divided into the following 3 groups: Group I (changed cell type.decreased positive rate of markers) had the shortest response duration to endocrine therapy and there was no response to chemotherapy; Group II (unchanged cell type.decreased positive rate of markers) had a long response duration and slow progression under endocrine therapy; Group III (unchanged cell type.unchanged positive rate of markers) was chemo- or radiotherapy sensitive during post-endocrine therapy relapse. These results suggest that this is an effective method which dictated the choice of treatment method and allowed an approximate prognosis for relapsed prostate cancer previously treated by endocrine therapy.
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PMID:[Studies on relationship between histology, tumor markers (prostatic acid phosphatase.prostate specific antigen.gamma-seminoprotein.leu-7) and clinical course in prostate cancer]. 169 56

In this paper, data obtained through bone gammagraphia, prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in 159 measurements carried out in 76 patients with treated prostate cancer, 41 locoregional and 35 metastatic, is compared. Sensitivity to detect progression was higher for PSA (89% in LR and 92% in M) versus bone GF (22% in LR an 83% in M) and PAP (11% in LR and 79% in M). The results indicate that it is possible to use bone gammagraphia optimizing its efficacy.
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PMID:[Usefulness of bone gammagraphy versus tumor markers (PSA/PAP) in monitoring cancer of the prostate]. 170 58

Serum acid phosphatase activity, prostate specific phosphatase and prostate specific antigen were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided according to the differentiation grade into 3 groups: G1 (well), G2 (moderately) and G3 (poorly differentiated) carcinoma. Bone metastases were identified by scintigraphy. Among the 76 M0 patients the mean levels of all 3 markers were slightly higher in patients with moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Among the 24 M1 patients the primary tumour was either G2 (18 patients) or G3 (6 patients); none had G1 lesions. Significantly higher serum ACP and PAP levels were found in patients with G2 tumours than in those with G3 lesions. It was concluded that the histological differentiation grade of prostatic carcinoma did affect serum levels of prostatic tumour markers; the tendency towards higher levels in the G2 group was noticeable in both non-metastatic and metastatic cases despite the limited number of patients in the latter category. In clinical practice this information may be an important additional tool in staging prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostate tumour markers and differentiation grade in prostatic cancer. 170 39

PSA is a kallikrein-like, serine protease that is produced exclusively by the epithelial cells of all types of prostatic tissue, benign and malignant. Physiologically, it is present in the seminal fluid at high concentration and functions to cleave the high molecular weight protein responsible for the seminal coagulum into smaller polypeptides. This action results in liquefaction of the coagulum. PSA is also present in the serum and can be measured reliably by either a monoclonal immunoradiometric assay or a polyclonal radioimmunoassay. The calculated half-life of serum PSA ranges from 2.2 to 3.2 days and the metabolic clearance rate of this tumor marker follows first-order kinetics. Digital rectal examination, cystoscopic examination and prostate biopsy all can cause spurious elevations of the serum PSA concentration. Conditions such as bacterial prostatitis and acute urinary retention also can falsely elevate the serum PSA level. Because approximately 25% of the patients with BPH only will have an elevated serum PSA concentration and BPH tissue contributes to this PSA value in a variable manner from patient to patient, it is unlikely that PSA by itself will become an effective screening tool for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, if combined with digital rectal examination and/or transrectal ultrasound it may become a vital part of any early detection program. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia also may be associated with moderately elevated serum PSA levels. Although there is a direct correlation between the serum PSA concentration and clinical stage, PSA is not sufficiently reliable to determine the clinical stage on an individual basis. This finding also applies to pathological stage. As a result, the preoperative serum PSA concentration cannot be used to decide whether to recommend radical prostatectomy for potential cure. Low preoperative serum PSA concentrations in patients with previously untreated prostate cancers are predictive of a negative bone scan. Thus, in these select patients a staging bone scintigram may not be necessary. With respect to monitoring patients after definitive therapy, PSA is an exquisitely sensitive tumor marker. Irrespective of the treatment modality (radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy or antiandrogen treatment), PSA reflects accurately the tumor status of the patient and is prognostic of eventual outcome; this tumor marker is capable of predicting tumor recurrence months before its detection by any other method. PSA is also a most useful immunocytochemical marker. Its sensitivity and specificity to identify tissue of prostatic origin approach 100%. When compared to PAP, PSA is a more precise and meaningful marker in all clinical situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 170 89

The usefulness of acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) is compared. The author concludes that PSA is more sensitive, has better organ specificity, does less diurnal variations and correlates better with tumor which makes PSA superior for staging and monitoring of therapy in prostate cancer.
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PMID:Is acid phosphatase (PAP) still justified in the management of prostatic cancer? 170 56

A quadruple tumor marker serotest assay (neurone-specific enolase, NSE, prostate-specific antigen, PSA, prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP, and carcino-embryonic antigen, CEA) was performed on sera from both 63 patients with untreated prostate cancer and 135 patients treated with orchiectomy, flutamide, diethylstilbestrol (DES), cyproterone acetate (CPA), and Estracyt. In untreated patients with local tumor elevated blood NSE concentrations were found more frequently (10/35, 28.6%) than in untreated subjects with disseminated disease (3/28, 10.7%). Elevated NSE values were measured more frequently in nonresponders to therapy 10/46 (21.7%), than in responders during prostate cancer partial remission (2/89, 2.2%). In none of NSE-positive neoplasms a small cell prostate cancer has been histologically detected. Many of NSE-positive tumors are also closely associated with elevated blood CEA values. The applied anticancer drugs were inefficient in the normalization of neither one from the pair of elevated NSE and CEA concentrations (regardless of the numerical values of the other two markers, PSA and PAP), but their values were found to decline occasionally only after surgical treatment. In patients with raised PSA, PAP, and CEA levels but with a normal NSE value, the application of the same treatment strategies was in the most of subjects sufficient to provoke either temporary or even lasting tumor response to therapy. Hence, it appears that the assessment of the NSE serotest, despite its minimal value in the overall tumor staging and monitoring, might furnish the decision-making step related to the treatment of aggressive prostate cancer with an additional and powerful tool.
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PMID:Investigation on serum neurone-specific enolase in prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring: comparative study of a multiple tumor marker assay. 171 80

The prostatic surface antigen (PSA), exclusively secreted by the prostatic epithelial cells, can be raised in the sera of patients with various prostatic pathologies. Serum levels of this marker depend on many factors (prostatic manipulation, associated inflammation, volume of benign node hyperplasia, volume and grading of tumour differentiation), all of which will have to be taken into account when interpreting any specific level. The usefulness of this antigen has a distinctive role in the suspected diagnosis, staging and monitoring following treatment of prostate cancer. PSA has shown to be more effective than other markers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Following the review of 106 patients with prostate cancer in various clinical stages, PSA was higher in 76.5% and PAP only in 49%. There is also a correlation between PSA and the extension of the disease. Of 43 patients surgically (stages B, C, D1) or radiologically (stages D2) staged, increases PSA has been found in 25% B stages, 77.7% C stages and 88.4% D stages. With regard to post-treatment monitoring, PSA is highly useful to determine its effectiveness, detect any residual illness and predict a recurrence or progression.
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PMID:[PSA in the staging and monitoring of cancer of the prostate]. 172 47

Prostatic cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the field of urology. The number of patients is increasing rapidly and its importance as a mortal disease is gathering attention. In 1985, we organized a registration system for prostatic cancer patients found in and around Gunma prefecture. In this study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of the 730 patients registered from 1985 to 1989. The results were as follows. Mean age was 74.0 years old and the number of the patients was the greatest in the eighth decade. Voiding disturbance was the most common chief complaint, followed by pollakisuria, gross hematuria and miction pain. Stage and grade distribution were as follows. Stage A 16.2%, B 21.1%, C 17.0%, D 45.7%, well differentiated 27.4%, moderately differentiated 48.2% and poorly differentiated 24.5%, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between stage and grade was observed. Bone was the most common metastatic site. The highest incidence of bone metastasis was in lumbar vertebra, followed by ribs, ilium, thoracic vertebra and ischium. The value of PAP, ALP and ESR tended to be higher in high stage patients, and that of Hb was lower. Fifty two patients were detected by mass screening. Most of these patients were in an early stage. Most of the patients were treated by hormonal therapy. LH-RH agonists constituted 39.2% of the cases given hormonal therapy.
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PMID:[Statistical analysis of the prostatic cancer patients detected from 1985 to 1989 in and around Gunma prefecture]. 175 19


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