Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostate cancer clusters in some families, and an estimated 5%-10% of all cases are estimated to result from inheritance of prostate cancer-susceptibility genes. We previously reported evidence of linkage to the 1q24-25 region (HPC1) in 91 North American and Swedish families each with multiple cases of prostate cancer (Smith et al. 1996). In the present report we analyze 40 (12 original and 28 newly identified) Swedish families with hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) that, on the basis of 40 markers spanning a 25-cM interval within 1q24-25, have evidence of linkage. In the complete set of families, a maximum two-point LOD score of 1.10 was observed at D1S413 (at a recombination fraction [theta] of.1), with a maximum NPL (nonparametric linkage) Z score of 1.64 at D1S202 (P=.05). The evidence of linkage to this region originated almost exclusively from the subset of 12 early-onset (age <65 years) families, which yielded a maximum LOD score of 2.38 at D1S413 (straight theta=0) and an NPL Z score of 1.95 at D1S422 (P=.03). Estimates from heterogeneity tests suggest that, within Sweden, as many as 50% of early-onset families had evidence of linkage to the HPC1 region. These results are consistent with the hypothesis of linkage to HPC1 in a subset of families with prostate cancer, particularly those with an early age at diagnosis.
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PMID:In Swedish families with hereditary prostate cancer, linkage to the HPC1 locus on chromosome 1q24-25 is restricted to families with early-onset prostate cancer. 1036 25

Recent studies suggest that hereditary prostate cancer (PRCA) is a complex disease, involving multiple susceptibility genes and variable phenotypic expression. Through linkage analysis, potential prostate cancer susceptibility loci have been mapped to 3 regions on chromosome 1. To investigate the reported linkage to these regions, we conducted linkage studies on 144 PRCA families by using microsatellite markers in regions 1q24-25 (HPC1) and 1q42.2-43 (PCAP). We also examined the 1p36 (CAPB) region in 13 PRCA families with at least one case of brain cancer. No significant evidence of linkage to the HPC1 or PCAP region was found when the entire data set was analyzed. However, weak evidence for linkage to HPC1 was observed in the subset of families with male-to-male transmission (n=102; maximum multipoint nonparametric linkage [NPL] 1.99, P=.03). Weak evidence for linkage with heterogeneity within this subset was also observed (HLOD 1.21, P=.02), with approximately 20% of families linked. Although not statistically significant, suggestive evidence for linkage to PCAP was observed for the families (n=21) that met the three criteria of male-to-male transmission, average age of diagnosis <66 years, and >/=5 affected individuals (maximum multipoint NPL 1.45, P=.08). There was no evidence for linkage to CAPB in the brain cancer-prostate cancer subset. These results strengthen the argument that prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and that multiple genetic and environmental factors may be important for its etiology.
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PMID:Linkage analyses at the chromosome 1 loci 1q24-25 (HPC1), 1q42.2-43 (PCAP), and 1p36 (CAPB) in families with hereditary prostate cancer. 1067 14

Recent studies suggest that hereditary prostate cancer is a complex disease involving multiple susceptibility genes and variable phenotypic expression. While conducting a genomewide search on 162 North American families with > or =3 members affected with prostate cancer (PRCA), we found evidence for linkage to chromosome 20q13 with two-point parametric LOD scores >1 at multiple sites, with the highest two-point LOD score of 2.69 for marker D20S196. The maximum multipoint NPL score for the entire data set was 3.02 (P=.002) at D20S887. On the basis of findings from previous reports, families were stratified by the presence (n=116) or absence (n=46) of male-to-male transmission, average age of diagnosis (<66 years, n=73; > or =66 years, n=89), and number of affected individuals (<5, n=101; > or =5, n=61) for further analysis. The strongest evidence of linkage was evident with the pedigrees having <5 family members affected with prostate cancer (multipoint NPL 3.22, P=.00079), a later average age of diagnosis (multipoint NPL 3.40, P=.0006), and no male-to-male transmission (multipoint NPL 3.94, P=.00007). The group of patients having all three of these characteristics (n=19) had a multipoint NPL score of 3.69 (P=.0001). These results demonstrate evidence for a PRCA susceptibility locus in a subset of families that is distinct from the groups more likely to be linked to previously identified loci.
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PMID:Evidence for a prostate cancer-susceptibility locus on chromosome 20. 1082 Jan 30

To date four prostate cancer predisposing loci have been mapped: HPC1 (Hereditary Prostate Cancer 1) on 1q24-25, PCaP (Predisposing for Cancer Prostate) on 1q42.2-43, CAPB (Cancer Prostate and Brain) on 1p36, and HPCX on Xq27-28. We examined evidence for linkage to those loci in 64 families from south and west Europe. Genotyping of three (six for PCaP) markers encompassing the candidate regions were performed on 221 individuals including 159 affected patients. The resulting data were analysed using both parametric and non parametric linkage methods. No significant evidence of linkage to HPC1, CAPB, or HPCX was found either in the whole population or when pedigrees were stratified according to criteria specific to each locus. By contrast, results in favour of linkage to PCaP locus were observed with maximum multipoint NPL and HLOD scores of 2.8 (P = 0.0026) and 2.65 respectively. Homogeneity analysis performed with multipoint LOD scores gave an estimated proportion of families with linkage to this locus up to 50%. Particularly, families with an earlier age at diagnosis (< or = 65-years-old) contributed significantly to the evidence of linkage with a maximum multipoint NPL score of 2.03 (P = 0.024). Those results suggest that PCaP is the most frequent known locus predisposing to hereditary prostate cancer cases from families from south and west Europe.
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PMID:PCAP is the major known prostate cancer predisposing locus in families from south and west Europe. 1131 47

In the therapeutic use of radionuclides, by far the most rapid growth in recent years is that of 125I seeds used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Large numbers of these seeds are used in each treatment and there is a need for a simple but accurate means of confirming their dose rates. This mechanism requires a transfer device for which the calibration factors are traceable to national standards. The NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator, because of its guaranteed reproducibility and traceable calibration procedure, is ideally suited for this purpose. A series of characterisation measurements have been performed on the NPL radionuclide calibrator in order to estimate the uncertainty levels that can be achieved and these are presented together with the relevant calibration factors for some typical seeds.
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PMID:Calibration of the NPL secondary standard radionuclide calibrator for 125I seeds used for prostate brachytherapy. National Physical Laboratory. 1183 35

African American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer in the world. Despite this statistic, linkage studies designed to localise prostate cancer susceptibility alleles have included primarily men of Caucasian descent. In this report, we performed a linkage analysis using 33 African American prostate cancer families from two independent research groups. In total, 126 individuals (including 89 men with prostate cancer) were genotyped using markers that map to five prostate cancer susceptibility loci, namely HPC1 at 1q24-25, PCAP at 1q42.2-43, CAPB at 1p36, HPC20 on chromosome 20, and HPCX at Xq27-28. Multipoint mode-of-inheritance-free linkage analyses were performed using the GENEHUNTER software. Some evidence of prostate cancer was detected to HPC1 using all families with a maximum NPL Z score of 1.12 near marker D1S413 (P=0.13). Increased evidence of linkage was observed in the 24 families with prostate cancer diagnosis prior to age 65 years and in the 20 families with male-to-male transmission. Some evidence of prostate cancer linkage was also detected at markers mapping to PCAP, HPC20, and HPCX. Continued collection and analysis of African American prostate cancer families will lead to an improved understanding of inherited susceptibility in this high-risk group.
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PMID:Hereditary prostate cancer in African American families: linkage analysis using markers that map to five candidate susceptibility loci. 1473 1

Trichomonas vaginalis causes the trichomoniasis, in women and urethritis and prostate cancer in men. Its genome draft published by TIGR in 2007 presents many unusual genomic and biochemical features like, exceptionally large genome size, the presence of hydrogenosome, gene duplication, lateral gene transfer mechanism and the presence of miRNA. To understand some of genomic features we have performed a comparative analysis of metabolic pathways of the T. vaginalis with other 22 significant common organisms. Enzymes from the biochemical pathways of T. vaginalis and other selected organisms were retrieved from the KEGG metabolic pathway database. The metabolic pathways of T. vaginalis common in other selected organisms were identified. Total 101 enzymes present in different metabolic pathways of T. vaginalis were found to be orthologous by using BLASTP program against the selected organisms. Except two enzymes all identified orthologous enzymes were also identified as paralogous enzymes. Seventy-five of identified enzymes were also identified as essential for the survival of T. vaginalis, while 26 as non-essential. The identified essential enzymes also represent as good candidate for novel drug targets. Interestingly, some of the identified orthologous and paralogous enzymes were found playing significant role in the key metabolic activities while others were found playing active role in the process of pathogenesis. The N-acetylneuraminate lyase was analyzed as the candidate of lateral genes transfer. These findings clearly suggest the active participation of lateral gene transfer and gene duplication during evolution of T. vaginalis from the enteric to the pathogenic urogenital environment.
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PMID:Insight into trichomonas vaginalis genome evolution through metabolic pathways comparison. 2241 39