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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitamin E (tocopherol) enhances the growth inhibitory effects of adriamycin (ADR) on a variety of cancer cells in vitro. The role of vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl) acid succinate in adjuvant chemotherapy with ADR was assessed in DU-145 human prostatic carcinoma cells in culture. Adriamycin produced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of DU-145 cells. The ID50 of DU-145 cells on the criteria: of clonal assay was 13 ng./ml. and of cell count assay was 14 ng./ml. Vitamin E succinate also inhibited the growth of DU-145 human prostatic carcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. 4.4 micrograms./ml. and 5.4 micrograms./ml. vitamin E succinate in the culture medium produced inhibition of growth to 50 per cent of control (ID50) in the clonal and the cell count assays respectively. When adriamycin and vitamin E succinate were used in combination, both additive and synergistic effects were observed, depending on the concentration of vitamin E succinate used. Doses of vitamin E succinate greater than its ID50 had a synergistic effect while doses smaller than its ID50 had an additive effect. In either case, the presence of vitamin E succinate caused an enhancement of tumor cell cytotoxicity of adriamycin while decreasing its ID50. Equivalent concentrations of sodium succinate and ethanol used to dissolve vitamin E succinate did not have any effect on DU-145 cells. Thus, it is concluded that the effect of vitamin E succinate is due to vitamin E and not due to succinate or ethanol. These results suggest that vitamin E may have a role in the treatment of human prostatic cancer as an adjuvant agent to adriamycin.
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PMID:Vitamin E enhances the chemotherapeutic effects of adriamycin on human prostatic carcinoma cells in vitro. 373 28

A patient with metastatic prostate cancer is described where treatment with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and estramustine produced severe hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate level, 1.2 mg/dl), which was reversible when treatment was discontinued. Previous studies have shown no effect of Adriamycin on serum phosphate levels. A retrospective study of serial serum chemistry values was done in 15 patients treated with estramustine. A significant fall in the serum phosphate level (mean, 0.8 +/- 0.3 mg/dl) was observed during the first 6 weeks of treatment. When compared with similar patients treated with bilateral orchiectomy, estramustine-treated patients had lower levels of serum calcium, fractional excretion of calcium, serum phosphate, and renal tubular threshold for phosphate reabsorption (TmPO4/GFR). Qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller effects were also seen in a group of patients treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) in a dose of 1 to 3 mg daily. Estramustine appears to have significant effects on bone mineral metabolism, particularly on renal phosphate handling resulting in significant hypophosphatemia. This is probably due to an estrogenic effect.
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PMID:Estramustine affects bone mineral metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. 375 69

Antiandrogen therapy has been widely used for prostatic cancer, yet many authors have reported on the limited efficacy of hormonal therapy for this disease. The present report is based on an histological evaluation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in combination for prostatic cancer. To determine the usefulness of this combined therapy, 15 prostatic cancer patients were treated with a combination of Bleomycin and Adriamycin (BA therapy), or with only Adriamycin. Radiotherapy was administered to all cases. Twelve of the 15 patients were evaluable histologically with effects ranging from Grade I to Grade IV in Shimosato's classification. We conclude that further investigation, including a randomized study of hormonal therapy, is necessary.
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PMID:Histological evaluation of radiochemotherapy for prostatic cancer: early results of a pilot study. 617 82

In patients with metastatic hormone-relapsed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, adriamycin was compared to 5-fluorouracil in a randomized trial in 99 patients and adriamycin alone was studied in an open trial in 48 patients. Response to adriamycin was superior as judged by response of measurable disease (25 vs 8%; P less than 0.05) and survival (median 29 vs 24 weeks; Cox analysis, P less than 0.03), but comparable as judged by acid phosphatase response. Ambulatory status and site of metastases influenced rate of response to chemotherapy. Activity level, site of metastases, weight loss, and the symptom of protein aversion were prognostic factors for survival. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were frequent but were tolerated satisfactorily. Adriamycin therapy may be beneficial in patients with prostatic cancer after hormone therapy.
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PMID:A comparative clinical trial of adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced prostatic cancer: prognostic factors and response. 634 81

Over a 24-month period, the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) conducted a randomized prospective chemotherapeutic trial in 158 patients with advanced prostatic cancer. Patients were initially randomized to receive either a combination of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or a single agent, hydroxyurea (H), and then crossed over to the other treatment on failure. Of the 137 evaluable patients, 43 (31%) had classically measurable metastatic disease in the lymph nodes, skin, chest, or liver. Focusing their efforts on this subset of patients with measurable disease, the authors of this report found the combination AC to have a superior response rate to the single agent, hydroxyurea. Objective response to AC was seen in 6 of 19 (32%) and in only one of 24 (4%) patients randomized to hydroxyurea (P = 0.06, Fisher's exact test). However, in the larger group of 137 evaluable patients, a survival advantage was not seen for those individuals treated with AC. Failure to demonstrate a survival advantage for an objectively superior drug combination would suggest the need for more active phase II agents in this disease.
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PMID:Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide versus hydroxyurea in advanced prostatic cancer. A randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. 636 15

Evaluation of response to systemic therapy in metastatic prostate cancer is often difficult because of the infrequency of nonbony indicator lesions. The authors previously described a set of response criteria for Phase II and III studies which can be applied in patients with only bony disease. They have retrospectively evaluated response to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and (5-fluorouracil) 5-FU in 38 patients with measurable soft tissue and visceral disease, using their response criteria for acid phosphatase and clinical status and standard definitions of response. No correlation was attempted for bone disease. Agreement between the results obtained with each system was good. Using this system of evaluating response, patients with metastatic prostate cancer with bone-dominant disease are eligible for Phase II and III studies.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. An analysis of response criteria in patients with measurable soft tissue disease. 637 84

A modification of the DMF protocol was used to treat 14 patients with hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A subjective response of pain relief occurred in 71 per cent (10/14) of the patients. The median duration of the response in these patients was 4.2 months, and their median survival was 248 days. No patient experienced either an objective complete or partial response based on the criteria of the NPCP. However, an objective stable response was produced in 36 per cent (5/14) of the patients, and their median survival was 330 days. Patients entering the study with a performance status of less than or equal to 2 exhibited a longer median survival than patients with a performance status greater than 2. This regimen of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and mitomycin C is reasonably well tolerated and appears to warrant consideration as a palliative therapeutic alternative in hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of hormone-refractory carcinoma of prostate with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C. 654 26

This article is a review of the results of chemotherapy for advanced hormonally-unresponsive prostatic carcinoma. Although the only hope for treatment of these patients is chemotherapy, until recently relatively little emphasis has been placed on chemotherapy of prostatic cancer. Since results of the randomized trial of the National Prostatic Cancer Project in the United States revealed a demonstrable advantage of advanced hormonally-refractory disease, a number of studies has been done and reported. As single chemotherapeutic agent, cyclophosphamide (CPM), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Adriamycin (ADM), and Cisplatinum (CDDP) have activity in these patients. Estracyt has been reported very effective, but has been somewhat disappointing in American trials. Several combination chemotherapies have been reported effective, such as CPM + ADM, CPM + ADM + Methotrexate (MTX), and CPM + MTX + 5-FU + Vincristine, Prednisone. Presently, however, there is no evidence that combination chemotherapy in prostatic cancer is better than single-agent chemotherapy. The need for continued effort to search powerful new agent, and to establish more effective combination chemotherapy for prostatic cancer should be emphasized. Furthermore, the importance of randomized and stratified clinical trials, early and late in the course of the disease, is stressed.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of hormone-unresponsive prostatic cancer and its metastatic foci]. 676 5

Combined chemohormonal therapy of metastatic prostate cancer has not been previously evaluated in patients failing primary hormones (estrogens and/or orchiectomy). The combination of Adriamycin and high-dose diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (Stilphostrol) was studied in 19 heavily pretreated patients, to document toxicity and patient acceptability. Major toxicity was myelosuppression, cardiac failure and venous thrombosis. Clinical improvement was noted in 10/16 (63%) of evaluable patients. Patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or venous thrombosis are not suitable for this therapy.
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PMID:Chemohormonal therapy of metastatic prostate cancer. A pilot study. 686 Oct 82

Two parallel prospective randomized studies have been undertaken by the EORTC Urological Group in previously untreated patients with prostatic cancer in order to compare low dose Stilboestrol versus Cyproterone acetate versus Medroxyprogesterone acetate in the first trial, and Stilboestrol versus Estracyt in the second trial. Although the follow up is still short, no superiority of the other drugs over Stilboestrol had appeared so far with regard to either objective response or significant side effects apart from gynaecomastia. In the third trial, patients with advanced disease no longer responsive to hormonal treatment were randomized to either Adriamycin or Procarbazine. Toxicity and early death were particularly frequent in Procarbazine treated patients, whereas most patients progressed in both treatment groups.
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PMID:EORTC protocols in prostatic cancer. An interim report. 693 20


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