Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone scintigraphy is the most sensitive imaging technique for the initial detection of bone metastases and is widely used in the staging of prostatic cancer. This study was performed to assess whether the development of further bone metastases can be detected by serial measurements of the serum glycoprotein prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as an alternative to follow-up scintigraphy. The bone scintigrams and PSA levels of 101 patients with metastatic prostate cancer entered into two therapeutic trials have been reviewed. Serial results of both investigations were available in 59 cases. In three cases new bone deposits were observed without a corresponding rise in PSA. In two other cases the scintigrams were considered to be suspicious of progression with no change in PSA levels; however, further follow-up indicated that these changes were not due to metastases. In 13 cases PSA levels were rising in advance of new deposits on the scintigrams. In the remaining 41 cases the PSA levels and scintigraphic findings paralleled each other. We conclude that serial estimation of PSA levels is a simpler marker for disease progression than bone scintigraphy in metastatic prostatic cancer, but that neither technique in isolation gives complete accuracy.
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PMID:Can serum prostate-specific antigen replace bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of metastatic prostatic cancer? 138 17

Serum levels of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured in 78 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and compared with both the gland weight and the glandular component of prostatic tissue. Both PAP and PSA were significantly higher where prostate was heavier; however, we could not find a consistent factor which could correlate weight increase to marker levels. PSA tended to be higher when glandular component was more expressed. From the present findings we conclude that in patients with prostate cancer, PAP and PSA serum levels should be investigated considering also the benign components of prostate gland.
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PMID:Relationship between prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen serum levels and prostatic volume in benign prostate hyperplasia. Pitfall on tumor markers assessment in primary prostatic cancer? 138 28

In this study we proposed to verify sensitivity and specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in patients who referred at our institution for prostatic complaints. 141 patients, ages ranging between 55 and 86 years (mean 67.5), underwent DRE, blood PSA, TRUS and ultrasonically guided biopsy of the prostate. The comparison of the results obtained with the different diagnostic tools allowed us to draw a diagnostic algorithm for prostate cancer in symptomatic patients.
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PMID:Comparison between digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound in symptomatic patients. Results on 141 cases. 138 38

We have studied the prognostic significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), monitored monthly, in 24 patients with prostatic cancer (5 D1, 19 D2) on endocrine therapy. The pretreatment levels of PSA were high in all patients (mean value 41 ng/ml). It was found that PSA levels at the end of the first and sixth months of treatment were reliable prognostic indicators. At the first month evaluation PSA had decreased more than 50% from the initial values in the 16 patients with stable disease, while it had decreased less than 50% in those with progressing disease. At the end of 6 months, patients with stable disease had PSA levels within the normal range, while 8 of the patients who had progressing disease had levels higher than 10 ng/ml. Respectively 6 and 2 patients had also had increases in PSA levels at 3 and 6 months before scintigraphic demonstration of increased bone metastases.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of prostate-specific antigen in endocrine treatment for prostatic carcinoma. 138 39

Preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values were determined in 73 patients with clinically localized prostatic cancer and candidates for a radical procedure. Correlation of preoperative PSA with a final pathological stage was attempted. Only in 44.8% of our 22 patients with organ-confined disease was the PSA value within the normal range; in 17.3% of cases PSA values were higher than 20 ng/ml. 18.2% of the patients with locally advanced disease showed normal PSA values, while 45.5% had concentrations above 20 ng/ml. In the case of lymph node involvement, PSA values were normal in 22.7% of the cases. Our data indicate that no strict relationship can be suggested between PSA and the final pathological stage and grading of the tumor in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy.
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PMID:Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of prostate-specific antigen in localized prostatic cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. 138 40

Serum values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were determined in 180 patients prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy and in 40 patients prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy alone. In all tumor stages, PSA was superior to PAP in detecting cancer of the prostate. By PSA determination using a cutoff level of 4 ng/ml (Tandem assay), 28.8% of the patients with prostate cancer, stage pT2pN0M0, and 17.8% of the cases with a stage pT3pN0M0 tumor could not be detected. All these tumors had been noticed, however, by digital rectal examination. This indicates that PSA determination cannot replace digital rectal examination as a screening method for prostate cancer. In this study, it was possible neither by PSA nor by PAP to define a practicable cutoff level for patients with and without lymph node metastases. A clear differentiation between the stages pT2pN0M0 and pT3pN0M0 was not possible by either PSA or PAP alone.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase in the detection of early prostate cancer and the prediction of regional lymph node metastases. 138 42

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were determined in the serum of 69 patients with clinical T3/T4M0 prostatic cancer before staging lymphadenectomy. In principle, high-dose radiotherapy was given only to patients of pathological N0 category. Seventeen patients had a prelymphadenectomy PSA level below the normal upper reference limit (10 micrograms/l) and only 3 of them had pelvic lymph node metastases. Fifteen of 52 patients with a preoperative PSA level > or = 10 micrograms/l were of N0 category. Only 8 of the 41 evaluable patients had PAP values above the normal range, and 6 of these 8 patients had pelvic lymph node metastases. Preoperative PSA values, but not preoperative PAP levels, assist the clinician in predicting regional lymph node metastases in patients with clinical T3/T4M0 prostatic cancer. Two-thirds of the patients with T3/T4 tumours and PSA values between 10 and 50 micrograms/l have regional lymph node metastases. About 80% of the patients with PSA levels < 10 micrograms/l belong to the N0 category. About 75% of the patients with PSA > 50 micrograms/l have N+ disease. Taking into account the individual preoperative PSA values, the indication for preradiotherapy staging lymphadenectomy should be balanced between the chance of demonstrating N+ disease, the expected postoperative morbidity and the benefit for the patient found to be of N0 category.
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PMID:Prediction of pelvic lymph node metastases by a prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in clinical T3/T4M0 prostatic cancer. 138 43

Radical prostatectomy with curative intent was performed in 13 patients with prostate cancer after local failure of radiotherapy. Of these patients, 2 underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder neck involvement by the prostatic tumor. Local recurrence had been diagnosed twenty-one to one hundred sixty-eight months (mean 65.4 months) after completion of radiotherapy (6,000-7,000 cGy; mean 6,136 cGy). Three patients had radioactive implants. Rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was part of the indication for surgery in 5 patients. Complications included minor rectal injury (1 patient) and total incontinence (2/13 patients). Two patients had positive surgical margins and 6/13 patients had involvement of seminal vesicles, 2 of whom also had positive lymph nodes. The authors conclude that salvage prostatectomy is feasible after radiation failure. Transrectal ultrasound and careful monitoring of PSA after irradiation treatment may improve patient selection and minimize the risk of complications and incomplete excision.
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PMID:Salvage radical prostatectomy after failure of curative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of prostate. 152 39

Fifty-two patients with Stage A1 prostate cancer diagnosed by transurethral resection performed between 1975 and 1989 were re-examined by transrectal ultrasonography and ultrasonographically guided biopsies. Follow-up after the initial diagnosis ranged from 1 to 15 years (mean, 5.8 years). For eight patients, results of digital rectal examination were abnormal. For 44 patients, results were normal or indicated a low probability of cancer. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (4.6 to 14.6 ng/ml) were elevated in ten patients. Ultrasonography showed from one to three hypoechoic areas in 29 patients. Locally progressive disease, defined as moderately to poorly differentiated cancer, was detected in five (10%) patients, three of whom underwent radical prostatectomy. Histopathologic examination of the specimens revealed localized disease (no capsular invasion). The remaining two patients had radiation therapy. In three patients, results of digital rectal examination and the serum PSA level were normal, but focal, well-differentiated cancer, identical to that initially diagnosed, was detected after a follow-up of 5 to 10 years. Because the clinical significance of this finding is unknown, these three patients were not considered to have progressive disease and did not have additional treatment. Our data suggest that transrectal ultrasonography is valuable in early detection of local disease progression and should be used in the follow-up program for patients with Stage A1 prostate cancer.
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PMID:Early detection of local disease progression from stage A1 prostate carcinoma by transrectal ultrasonography. 156 76

Assay of human serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is gaining importance in diagnosis and follow-up of prostatic cancer. In this time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of PSA, strip-wells were coated with a polyclonal antibody against PSA. To prepare the label, a monoclonal antibody displaying high affinity towards PSA was purified and derivatized with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. With use of this derivative, seven to eight Eu atoms could be combined with one antibody molecule with no decrease in immunoreactivity. The minimum detectable concentration of PSA was 0.12 microgram/L. In 60 of 63 women studied, the PSA concentration in serum was less than 0.2 microgram/L. The increase in PSA in serum of asymptomatic men 51 years old or older, as compared with that for younger subjects, was possibly a result of "occult" prostatic hyperplasia. Most of the patients with prostatic hyperplasia or prostatic cancer had higher PSA concentrations than did subjects of ages less than 50 years or asymptomatic age-matched healthy subjects. Results compared favorably with those by an established technique relying on the use of radioactive label. Our method for measuring PSA in human serum is convenient, inexpensive, and well compatible with present clinical practice.
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PMID:Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of human prostate-specific antigen. 168 48


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