Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serial serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements were performed in 871 patients treated with hormonal combination therapy for stage C (95 patients) or stage D2 (776) prostate cancer for an average followup of 26 months. The relative efficacy of serum PAP and PSA for predicting recurrence of the disease was evaluated by 2 statistical methods at the time of progression as well as 6 and 12 months before clinical relapse of disease using optimized cut-off values of 2.0 and 4.0 micrograms/l. for serum PAP and PSA, respectively. At the time of progression the sensitivity (plus or minus standard deviation) of the 2 tests was estimated at 61.1 +/- 3.2% and 86.7 +/- 3.1% for PAP and PSA, respectively, while the specificity (plus or minus standard deviation) was calculated at respective values of 79.6 +/- 1.3% and 92.4 +/- 4.1%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis disclosed a greater accuracy for PSA at 89.2 +/- 1.7% versus 78.7 +/- 1.6% (plus or minus standard deviation) for PAP. The somewhat lower positive predictive value of the PSA test (81.4% versus 89.6%) is more than compensated by its superior negative predictive value (92.4% versus 79.6%). The present data also show that serum PSA measurements are superior to those of serum PAP for predicting disease recurrence in stages C and D prostate cancer patients treated by combination endocrine therapy and they indicate that measurement of serum PAP does not add significantly to single measurement of serum PSA alone.
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PMID:Prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase for monitoring therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. 171 97

In seeking to define the relative value of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer, 863 patients were studied and the findings compared. DRE detected malignancy in 0.3% of the population of asymptomatic "normal" men undergoing routine health screening, and in 1.6% of patients who consulted their General Practitioner for one reason or another. In patients who attended our out-patient department with a variety of urological symptoms (not necessarily prostatic), TRUS suggested malignancy in 2% of those glands which were pronounced normal on DRE. Significantly elevated PSA detected malignancy in 0.3% of the patients undergoing routine health screening. (Although this figure equals the pick-up rate by DRE in this group, they were not necessarily the same patients). When these 3 investigations are summated, the pick-up rate is twice as high as when a single parameter is used.
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PMID:Screening for prostate cancer. Comparison of transrectal ultrasound, prostate specific antigen and rectal examination. 171 96

Prostate cancer is now the third commonest cancer in men. Extensive clinical trials comparing acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) have shown that PSA is the most sensitive and specific of the tumour markers available for prostate cancer. Caution is needed when comparing the results from different assay methods, there is no international standard for PSA. In the management of localised disease, radical treatment can reduce the PSA levels to less than 0.4 ng/ml, similar results can be obtained for a varying duration in patients sensitive to androgen withdrawal. Raised levels greater than 0.4 ng/ml after radical prostatectomy are indicative of residual disease. PSA is valuable in monitoring deferred treatment or the effects of hormone manipulation and give an indication of the prognosis and early warning of recurrence. In extensive metastatic disease the combination of PSA and ALP reflects the tumour activity. Less than 15 hot spots on the scintigram at presentation and a PSA less than 10 ng/ml 3 to 6 months after commencing treatment is associated with prolonged survival. The role of PSA in population screening for early prostatic cancer is uncertain; early results suggest it can be used in combination with digital rectal examination and ultrasonic examination of the prostate. The effect of a PSA decision level at 4 or 10 ng/ml has a considerable influence on the pick up rate.
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PMID:Tumour markers in prostatic cancer. 171 10

We examined the values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) with a RIA kit (Pros Check PSA) and an EIA kit (Market F PA), measuring prostate weights of 125 participants in a mass screening of the prostatic diseases. A mild positive correlation (r = 0.467) between values of PSA (RIA) and prostate weights was found in the participants in whom the prostate cancer was not detected. Since serum PSA levels measured by RIA of 45 normal subjects were 1.8 +/- 1.5 ng/ml (Mean +/- S.D), the upper limit of the normal range was set at 6.3 ng/ml. The participants whose PSA levels exceeded this upper normal range and also whose prostate weights were under 30 g were found in 11 of the 122 subjects (9%). On the contrary, the abnormal values (EIA) were found in only two subjects (one, a prostate cancer and the other, a benign prostate hypertrophy). We, further, examined the PSA values (EIA) in 415 subjects in whom the prostate cancer was detected in 5 (1.2%). The abnormal values were found in 8 (4 prostate cancer, 3 benign prostate hypertrophy and one without prostatic disease). As the false positive rate was very low, the use of PSA is recommended in the first screening of the check up program of the prostatic disease.
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PMID:[A mass screening of the prostatic diseases and serum prostate specific antigen]. 172 Feb 76

Somatic cell hybrids were made from mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells derived from BALB/c mice immunized with homogenized epithelial fractions of BPH. The screening by immunoperoxidase staining on human prostate and non-prostate tissue resulted in one monoclonal antibody identifying a prostate specific antigen. Upon SDS-PAGE and Western blot this antigen exhibited a single band at the position of 34 kDa molecular weight. The immunoreactivity of the prostate antigen was found to be localized exclusively in the epithelial lining of ducts and secretions of normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer. Anti-p34 antibody reacted with an antigenic determinant on the PSA molecule cancer. Anti-p34 antibody reacted with an antigenic determinant on the PSA molecule and inhibited the binding of Anti-PSA antibody to PSA by about 80 to 90% in the RIA.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to the prostate specific antigen. 172 Feb 89

A free screening clinic for cancer of the prostate was held in Madison County, New York, in September 1990, in conjunction with Prostate Cancer Awareness Week, a program of the Prostate Cancer Educational Council. Serum prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination were used to screen 565 men. The two tests were equally effective in identifying patients with carcinoma. Of 118 patients with one or both tests positive, 54 were biopsied. Carcinoma was found in 20 of these. Four carcinomas were found in patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) greater than four ng per ml with negative rectal examination. The costs for adding PSA to the protocol appeared reasonable in terms of the number of carcinomas identified.
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PMID:Screening for carcinoma of the prostate with prostate specific antigen. 172 83

Prostate specific acid phosphatase (PAP) (Abbott, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) (Hybritech, immunoradiometric assay) were determined in 162 newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma patients, 187 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 127 controls. The upper limit of normal in controls for PAP was 2.2 micrograms/l and for PSA 5.0 micrograms/l. In the BPH group PAP was raised in 21%, for PSA in 41%. When the cut-off level of PSA was raised to 10.0 micrograms/l, 20% of BPH patients had an increased level. PSA was superior to PAP for the detection of prostatic cancer in all stages. Of the 162 patients with prostatic carcinoma, 88 had localised diseases and 74 had metastatic spread. PSA and PAP levels increased with each advancing clinical stage. PAP was elevated in 35% of the patients with cancer confined to the prostate. PSA in 69%. (PSA level 10.0 micrograms/l: 57%). In those patients with metastatic spread PAP was elevated in 77% compared with 96% for PSA. (PSA level 10.0 micrograms/l: 92%). The combined use of PSA and PAP does not give a greater accuracy in the screening of prostate cancer when compared with the sole use of PSA. PAP was elevated in only 4 patients when PSA was normal. In the BPH group there was no proven effect of micturition, frequency or residual urine on the SPA level. However, in this group infection may cause a rise in the PSA level.
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PMID:Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in untreated prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. 172 15

A novel cell-cell recombination model was established to test the reciprocal mesenchymal (fibroblast)-epithelial interaction in the prostate gland. Both growth factors and ECM pathways were found to be actively engaged during cellular communications. The application of this cell-cell recombination concept to prostate cancer established a new human prostate cancer animal model in which the tumours actively secrete prostate specific antigen, a known human prostate cancer marker. This review explores the significance of mesenchymal-epithelial interaction in determining prostate hormonal responsiveness and prostate cell transformation and speculates on the potential roles of mesenchymal-epithelial interaction in prostate cancer growth and progression.
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PMID:Reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial interaction affecting prostate tumour growth and hormonal responsiveness. 172 90

Results for radiation treatment of prostate carcinoma indicate that nearly one-third of Stage C patients fail locally. This number will likely increase as occult failures are discovered by monitoring serum prostate specific antigen levels. Thus, there is need for techniques that would increase the local control of prostatic carcinoma. Using cross-sectional imaging and 3-dimensional treatment planning, dose distributions for photon irradiation can be created that conform more closely to the shape of the prostate and seminal vesicles, sparing additional dose to portions of bladder and rectum. A dose escalation trial is underway to investigate whether these techniques will lead to increased local control without unacceptable increases in bladder and rectal complications. While zero local failures is probably an unattainable goal, reduction in local failure in prostate cancer would likely increase the overall cure rate in this disease.
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PMID:Potential improvement in the results of irradiation for prostate carcinoma using improved dose distribution. 174 Mar 95

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84


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