Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I study (open trial) of bicalutamide (Casodex), a non-steroidal antiandrogen, was conducted on 16 patients with prostatic cancer (stage C to D). The patients were given 10, 30, 50, 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally daily for 12 weeks. Adverse reactions were observed in 8 out of 16 patients, but almost all were mild. Breast pain, gynecomastia and hot flushes were observed in 6 patients. Adverse reactions regarding liver function tests were observed in 3 patients. These were increased glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaliphosphatase (AL-P) or gamma guanosine 5'-triphosphate (gamma-GTP). However, during or after the treatment period the elevated values were reversed to the pretreatment level. In terms of efficacy, anti-tumor effect was observed in 1 or 2 patients at each dose. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol increased during treatment. Plasma concentrations of the R (-) enantiomer, which has antiandrogenic activity, reached the steady state 6-8 weeks after the initiation of treatment; its apparent plasma elimination half-life observed following repeated administration was 8.4 +/- 1.1 days. In conclusion, bicalutamide (10-100 mg od) is considered to be tolerated well enough to be administered to patients with prostatic cancer and has shown evidence of anti-tumor effect.
 ...
PMID:[Phase I study of bicalutamide (Casodex), a nonsteroidal antiandrogen in patients with prostatic cancer]. 871 91

Nonsteroidal antiandrogens are generally used in conjunction with castration as combined androgen blockade. However, the changing profile of patients with prostate cancer has made monotherapy with a nonsteroidal antiandrogen an attractive alternative therapeutic approach, offering potential quality-of-life benefits over conventional treatment modalities. Of available antiandrogens, monotherapy with bicalutamide has been most extensively evaluated. Combined data from 2 studies at a median follow-up time of 6.3 years revealed no statistically significant difference in overall survival between bicalutamide 150-mg monotherapy and castration in patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced disease. In patients with metastatic disease, there was a statistically significant difference (6 weeks) in overall survival in favor of castration. Bicalutamide monotherapy is associated with significant quality-of-life benefits (sexual interest and physical capacity), with preliminary data suggesting that the risk of osteoporosis may also be reduced by bicalutamide 150-mg monotherapy compared with castration. In general, bicalutamide is well tolerated, with a predictable adverse-effect profile. Breast pain (40%) and gynecomastia (49%) are the most common adverse events seen during monotherapy with this drug. In summary, the availability of bicalutamide 150-mg monotherapy broadens treatment options for men with locally advanced prostate cancer, offering a viable and attractive alternative to castration in this patient population. Ongoing studies will determine the role of bicalutamide in the treatment of localized disease.
 ...
PMID:Antiandrogen monotherapy: a new form of treatment for patients with prostate cancer. 1150 39