Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This synthesis of the literature on the quality of life in relation to radiotherapy is based on 78 scientific articles, including 12 randomized studies, 25 prospective studies, and 20 retrospective studies. These studies involve 9884 patients. Radiotherapy is often organ-preserving, which inherently promotes a better quality of life. Many quality of life aspects related to radiotherapy have been studied, but seldom by prospective randomized studies that compare radiotherapy to other treatment (eg, surgery or chemotherapy). Radiotherapy involves numerous physical and psychological symptoms, mainly during the course of treatment. Examples include skin irritation and fatigue. Radiotherapy directed at the brain has delayed effects, in children treatment carries a substantial risk for lowering the IQ. The risk for encephalopathy in adults is probably underestimated. Patients with cancer in the head and neck may experience adverse side effects in the irradiated area long after the conclusion of radiotherapy. There are no confirmed differences in quality of life between breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy and those receiving chemotherapy. Impotency problems and urinary incontinence appear following radical surgery and radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The risk for delayed complications is low after radiotherapy for testicular cancer. Patients receiving radiotherapy for gynecologic cancers are often troubled by local side effects long after the conclusion of treatment.
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PMID:Radiotherapy for cancer. Quality of life. 915 7

Transdermal testosterone (T) delivery represents an effective alternative to injectable androgens. We studied 163 hypogonadal men who applied 5, 7.5, or 10 g AndroGel (T gel) 1% CIII per day for up to 42 months. Efficacy data were presented in 123 subjects considered evaluable. Continuous AndroGel treatment normalized mean serum T and free T levels. Mean serum 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone concentrations and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone/T ratio slightly increased, mean serum estradiol/T ratio doubled, and mean serum FSH and LH levels were suppressed by T replacement. Sexual function and mood parameters improved rapidly and were maintained throughout T treatment. Lean body mass increased (P = 0.0001) and fat mass decreased (P = 0.0001), and these changes were maintained with treatment but were not accompanied by significant increases in muscle strength. Increases in serum bone markers suggestive of increased bone formation were followed by gradual and progressive increases in bone mineral density more in the spine (P = 0.0001) than the hip (P = 0.0004). Mild local skin irritation occurred in 12 subjects, resulting in discontinuation in only one subject. Except for the anticipated increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin, there were no clinically significant changes in blood counts or biochemistry. In three subjects with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen, prostate biopsies showed cancer. We conclude that continued application of AndroGel resulted in beneficial effects similar to those with injectables and other transdermal preparations. This study was neither placebo controlled nor powered to determine the effects of T treatment on prostate cancer risk. Thus, monitoring for prostatic disease and assessment for erythrocytosis are strongly advised to reduce the risk of adverse events with T treatment of hypogonadal men.
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PMID:Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. 1512 25

Adjuvant bicalutamide monotherapy after radical prostatectomy improves the overall survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. The main adverse event of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen is the development of gynecomastia against which prophylactic breast irradiation can be administered. Therapeutic local radiotherapy using a very small number of fractions is a well-tolerated management option. Symptom improvement is observed in about half of the patients. Radiotherapy-related adverse effects are often mild (erythema, skin irritation) and transient. Tamoxifen has been also shown to be effective in prevention and treatment of gynecomastia induced by adjuvant therapy by bicalutamide in two-third of patients. Long-term safety of this prophylactic and therapeutic approach needs to be investigated through appropriate trials. Further evaluation of the optimal dose and duration of treatment with tamoxifen in this setting is required.
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PMID:[Management of gynecomastia induced by bicalutamide]. 1736 21

Leuprolide (Lupron) is a synthetic analog of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Leuprolide is used as a hormonal antagonist in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer, and as hormonal therapy in the treatment of endometriosis. Off-label, it is also used in premenopausal or perimenopausal women with hormone-responsive breast cancer for the purpose of ovarian ablation. Ever since its FDA approval in 1985, many adverse reactions have been reported in association with leuprolide ranging from local skin irritation to severe anaphylactoid reactions. In this case report, we present a case of hypersensitivity vasculitis (serum sickness) in a patient who received leuprolide for his prostate cancer. Serum sickness has never been reported as a side-effect of leuprolide. Our case is the first case of serum sickness associated with leuprolide. We emphasize that physicians using leuprolide should be wary of signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity vasculitis or serum sickness.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with leuprolide (Lupron). 2047 Feb 39

Reduced serum testosterone (T), or hypogonadism, is estimated to affect about 5 million American men, including both aging and young men. Low serum T has been linked to mood changes, worsening cognition, fatigue, depression, decreased lean body mass and bone mineral density, increased visceral fat, metabolic syndrome, decreased libido, and sexual dysfunction. Administering exogenous T, known as T-replacement therapy (TRT), reverses many of the symptoms of low T levels. However, this treatment can result in luteinizing hormone suppression which, in turn, can lead to reduced sperm numbers and infertility, making TRT inappropriate for men who wish to father children. Additionally, TRT may result in supraphysiologic T levels, skin irritation, and T transfer to others upon contact; and there may be increased risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, particularly in aging men. Therefore, the development of alternate therapies for treating hypogonadism would be highly desirable. To do so requires greater understanding of the series of steps leading to T formation and how they are regulated, and the identification of key steps that are amenable to pharmacological modulation so as to induce T production. We review herein our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of T formation in hypogonadal testis.
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PMID:Pharmacological regulation of the cholesterol transport machinery in steroidogenic cells of the testis. 2581 70