Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred eighteen patients with stage D (D1 or D2) prostate cancer with a mean age of 69 years were treated with monthly goserelin (Zoladex; ICI 118, 630; ICI Americas Inc, Wilmington, DE, property of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC) injections and the data were analyzed for predictive parameters for best response and time to treatment failure (National Prostatic Cancer Project [NPCP] and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] criteria). For best response in a univariate analysis, the performance status (PS 0-1 v 2-3) (P = .01), hematocrit (P = .04), and pain (P = .04) were significant. For time to treatment failure by univariate analysis, ECOG performance status (0-1 v 2-3) was most predictive (P less than .0001), followed by pain at entry (P = .0002), initial testosterone (T) level (greater than 250 ng/dL) (P = .0005), age less than 69 years (P = .02), alkaline phosphatase (less than 115 IU/L) (P = .03), hemoglobin (less than 14 g/dL) (P = .03), whereas normal acid phosphatase (less than 3 IU/mL) (P = .29) was not predictive. In multivariate analysis for time to treatment failure, only the ECOG performance status was of significance (P = .01). Estimated median time to treatment failure for PS of 0-1 was 88 weeks and for PS of 2-3 was 31 weeks.
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PMID:Predictive initial parameters for response of stage D prostate cancer to treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist goserelin. 213 2

LNCaP cells (derived from a lymph node carcinoma of the human prostate) show androgen responsive growth. Progestagens, estradiol and antiandrogens competed with androgens for binding to the androgen receptor in the cells to a higher extent than in other androgen-sensitive systems. Optimal growth (3-4 fold increase in DNA content of 6 day cell cultures vs controls) was observed after addition of the synthetic androgen R1881 (0.1 nM). Both steroidal and non-steroidal antiandrogens did not suppress the androgen responsive growth. At a concentration of 10 nM cyproterone acetate or 100 nM RU 23908, growth was even stimulated to an extent comparable to that observed after addition of androgen. Cyproterone acetate and RU 23908 also increased the number of epidermal growth factor receptors expressed at the cell surface to a comparable level as did the androgen. Like androgens, cyproterone acetate, RU 23908 or estradiol stimulated the secretion per cell of prostate specific acid phosphatase in the culture fluid. In conclusion, antiandrogens can exert striking stimulatory effects on the proliferation of LNCaP cells probably due to a defective androgen receptor system. It is discussed that comparable changes in the specificity of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells may give these cells an advantage in growth rate and may contribute to development of tumors characterized as hormone independent.
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PMID:Stimulatory effects of antiandrogens on LNCaP human prostate tumor cell growth, EGF-receptor level and acid phosphatase secretion. 214 5

Twenty-nine patients with metastatic prostate cancer progressing after hormonal therapy (orchiectomy 19, diethylstilbestrol 10) and who had never received cytotoxic therapy were treated with carboplatin. Patients had good clinical performance status (66% PS 0,1) and adequate renal (creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dL) and bone marrow function. The standard dose of carboplatin administered was 400 mg/sq m. Seventeen patients received this dose and 12 either 320 mg/sq m or 250 mg/sq m based on reduced renal function or prior radiation. Five patients had bidimensionally measurable disease: one experienced a partial regression of cervical lymph node metastases of 97 days duration. Twenty-four patients had metastatic disease evaluable by clinical status, bone scan and acid phosphatase. In one patient greater than 50% reduction in number of abnormal areas of bone scan uptake occurred; 3 patients experienced improvement in clinical status; in no patient did an elevated prostate acid phosphatase return to normal. All patients entered on study have progressed and died: median time to progression was 94 days (6 to 625 days); median survival was 297 days (6-1152 days). The primary toxicity of carboplatin was myelosuppression. The median WBC and platelet nadirs after cycle one were 3150/cu mm and 93,000/cu mm, respectively. Dose escalations to grade 2 or greater myelosuppression were mandated. Twenty-six achieved at least grade 2 myelosuppression during carboplatin treatment. We conclude that carboplatin administered at this dose and schedule has no important activity in hormone refractory prostate cancer.
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PMID:A phase II trial of carboplatin (NSC 241240) in advanced prostate cancer, refractory to hormonal therapy. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study. 219 2

In the series presented here, survival patterns at 15 years after radiotherapy for patients with clinical stage A carcinoma of the prostate did not deviate significantly from those of an age-matched peer group. For patients with clinical stage B disease (nodular disease that did not exceed involvement of one lateral lobe), survival was only 5% less at 15 years than for the age-matched group of California men. This was in spite of the fact that the lymph node status and the true incidence of capsular penetration were unknown. Moreover, the patients were not stratified by histopathologic grade or by either acid phosphatase or prostate-specific antigen values. If one were to restrict the patients to those with intermediate and low Gleason scores, normal acid phosphatase, and low prostate-specific antigen values, it is likely that there would have been no difference between the survival of those with prostatic cancer and their age-matched peers. As one deviates from these conservative selection criteria and includes patients with more advanced stages, the likelihood of achieving 15-year survival diminishes. With radiation treatment, however, patients whose disease, by clinical examination, extends beyond the prostate and who seem too advanced for radical prostatectomy still may have a 20 per cent to 30 per cent chance of 15-year survival.
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PMID:Radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Justification by long-term follow-up. 221 77

The study of prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer (Pca) may be of value in understanding the natural history of the disease and may also assist in planning and analyzing the results of clinical trials. Moreover some information through this study would be beneficial to assessing the prognosis and decision of better therapy form of individual patients. The significance of items studied was evaluated from the two view points, survival rate and Pca death rate. Stage, pathological differentiation and acid phosphatase were significantly related to them, in the category grade depending manner. Past history and complication, and age were also significantly related to them but higher category grade as a survival factor showed lower Pca death rates. ESR, gait disturbance and hematuria were related to only survival rate. Any significant relationship was not observed in serum testosterone, voiding disturbance and cancer-pain. Prognostic factors should be clinically used through the well understanding of each characteristics. This paper also showed that statistical significance not always provide a wide difference between categories compared.
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PMID:[Prognostic factor for prostate cancer. Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group]. 223 14

The B1 nodule, a 1.5 cm area of induration surrounded on at least two sides by prostatic tissue of normal consistency, was defined by Jewett in 1968 as the stage of prostatic cancer best suited for treatment and cure by radical prostatectomy (RP). The area of prostatic induration suitable for RP was subsequently extended to less than one lobe (Stage B1); this extension of induration was supported by the study of Walsh and Jewett in 1980 showing a 51 percent survival free-of-disease at fifteen-year follow-up. Subsequently, clinical staging systems evolved which substaged clinical B into three categories of induration: B1N = less than 1.5 cm nodule, B1 = greater than 1.5 cm but less than one lobe, and B2 = one lobe or both lobes. To determine if digital assessment of these progressively greater degrees of induration would translate into different intervals to first progression, whether local or distant, we reviewed prostate diagrams and descriptions of all Stage B patients treated by Iodine-125 interstitial implant and external beam radiation therapy between 1974 and 1985 at our institution. Forty-six patients had B1 nodules, 78 patients B1 (less than one lobe), and 52 patients B2 (one lobe or greater). Mean follow-up was fifty-five months. We found B1N, which was also associated with well-differentiated grade and a normal acid phosphatase, to have the longest interval to progression.
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PMID:Are three substages of clinical B prostate carcinoma useful in predicting disease-free survival? 224 12

A fifteen-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized study comparing placebo with radical prostatectomy as the primary treatment of early prostatic cancer is presented. A total of 111 patients with clinical Stage I or II prostatic cancer, normal acid phosphatase levels, and negative findings on skeletal x-ray film were evaluable. Thirty Stage I patients and 20 Stage II patients received placebo only; 31 Stage I and 30 Stage II patients underwent radical prostatectomy. The survival status for 95 patients (86%) was established at the fifteen-year follow-up. No significant differences in crude survival occurred in either stage or in both stages combined. Moreover, the survival curves closely followed reference curves based on expected U.S. mortality for men of comparable ages and races. A statistically significant association between a high Gleason histologic score and poor survival was established. In this study, initial treatment with radical prostatectomy did not yield longer survival than initial placebo treatment alone. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution, since sample size was small and staging procedure was simplified.
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PMID:Radical prostatectomy versus expectant primary treatment in stages I and II prostatic cancer. A fifteen-year follow-up. 224 14

Rectal involvement from prostate cancer occurs in 1.5-11% of cases. A rarer presentation is that of a separate metastasis to the high rectosigmoid colon causing an annular stricture. We present our experience with six such cases who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Two of the cases had undergone intestinal resections. All 6 patients had radiographic evidence of an annular stricture in the rectosigmoid area. Retrospective review revealed evidence of metastatic disease in all cases in the form of abnormalities in one or more of the following: intravenous urography, radionuclide bone scan, liver spleen scan, acid phosphatase, or alkaline phosphatase. The mean survival was 9.3 months. This rare presentation of prostate cancer may be difficult to distinguish from primary colorectal cancer and therefore needs to be ruled out to avoid intestinal resections.
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PMID:Separate annular strictures of the rectosigmoid colon secondary to unsuspected prostate cancer. 231 6

A histological evaluation of the effects of therapy has been conducted on 22 prostatic carcinoma cases, according to the criterion proposed by the committee to establish the general rule for clinical and pathological studies judging the effects of therapy in cases of prostatic cancer. Studied in particular was the relation between the histological effects of therapy and the clinical course. Marked therapeutic effects were observed in cases of low grade tumors. Further, the patients' prognosis tended to be affected by the histological grade rather than by the histological effect of the treatment. The course of the serum total acid phosphatase levels tended to correlate with the histological effect of the treatment.
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PMID:[A histological evaluation of the therapeutic effects and the clinical findings in prostatic carcinomas]. 234 59

Using different antisera against secretory and lysosomal prostatic acid phosphatases, the localization of the respective antigens was studied in the human prostate at the ultrastructural level. Secretory acid phosphatase was confined exclusively to the secretory vacuoles of the glandular cells. Discharge of the secretory material occurs in a merocrine type of secretion. The identical antigen could be localized in the primary and secondary granules of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes separated from human peripheral blood. The antiserum used was also cross-reactive with the canine prostate, where a very distinct immunoreaction was observed with the secretory granules of the glandular cells. The antibodies directed against lysosomal acid phosphatases prepared from prostatic homogenates consistently gave a positive immunoreaction with dense bodies, lipofuscin, and secretory granules. The respective antigens were present also in neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes. These findings do not identify the existence of a prostate-specific acid phosphatase, which does not exist. The secretory form of the isoenzymes, however, is clearly distinct from the lysosomal form, both of which are present in granulocytes. Therefore the origin of acid phosphatases elevated in peripheral blood in cases of metastatic prostatic cancer could be either the carcinomatous cells or leukocytes destroyed during the process of metastasis.
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PMID:Cytochemistry and biochemistry of acid phosphatases. VI: Immunoelectron microscopic studies on human prostatic and leukocytic acid phosphatases. 241 31


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