Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a new assay that is useful for identifying individuals who may be affected with Gaucher's disease. The assay involves the determination of serum acid phosphatase activity using the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate. The assay measures acid phosphatase activity at pH 6.0 in the presence of 3.0 M 2-mercaptoethanol and requires a 5 microliter serum sample and a 15-min incubation period. Under these conditions, 2-mercaptoethanol preferentially inhibited the acid phosphatase activity in control serum but did not inhibit the elevated acid phosphatase present in the serum of patients with Gaucher's disease. Using this assay, we observed a 5-50-fold elevation in serum acid phosphatase activity in 8 patients with the adult, non-neuropathic form of Gaucher's disease when compared to control serum assayed under the same conditions. Serum from several heterozygotes free from pathology exhibited normal acid phosphatase activity when assayed at pH 6.0 in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Acid phosphatase activity in serum from patients with prostatic cancer can be distinguished from that in Gaucher serum on the basis of the well-documented sensitivity of the former to inhibition by sodium tartrate. A serum sample from a patient with Niemann-Pick disease exhibited a mild elevation in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity so that conclusive diagnosis of Gaucher's disease requires assaying leukocytes or fibroblasts from suspected patients for glucocerebroside:beta-glucosidase activity.
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PMID:Determination of serum acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease using 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate. 2 Feb 52

A study of 66 patients in whom microscopic foci of prostatic cancer was found in prostatectomies done for benign prostatic hyperplasia revealed in 32 of the 66 cases (48%) that there were in retrospect abnormal rectal findings that should have suggested the possibility of neoplasia. Other abnormalities were elevated serum acid phosphatase (5 patients), asymmetrical enlargement of one lateral prostatic lobe at cystoscopy (7 patients), and unilateral hydroureteronephrosis (7 patients). Urinary retention was the presenting symptoms in 56% of the patients. Difficult enucleation was noted in 41% of the open prostatectomies. The importance of performing careful prostatic biopsy in any suspicious prostatic enlargement is again stressed.
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PMID:Microscopic foci of cancer in prostatectomy for benign disease: diagnostic and surgical considerations. 6 17

Urogenital tissue specimens were maintained in culture for 2 years. Epithelioid growth was enhanced with use of collagenase digestion rather than trypsinization. Twenty of 34 prostate cancer cell cultures survived more than ten in vitro passages, during which time four of 20 demonstrated epithelioid morphology. One epithelioid line (T-157) survived 32 in vitro passages. The cells demonstrated lack of contact inhibition in culture, were slightly positive in acid phosphatase tests, and reacted positively with cytomegalovirus (CMV)-immune sera in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests. These cells, which were proven to be of human male origin, failed to yield infectious virus and could be re-isolated from a nodule induced by the cells when injected sc into weanling athymic nude mice. The serum of the patient from which the tumor cells were derived demonstrated high CMV antibody titers and reacted with the virus-specific membrane and intracellular antigens of CMV-transformed human cells in IF tests. A CMV strain isolated from one of the normal prostate cell cultures established an in vitro long-term persistent infection of human embryo lung cells which resulted in the development of two transformed cell lines. The transformed cells possessed CMV antigenic markers and induced non-differentiated tumors when transplanted into athymic nude mice. The results constitute further evidence of the transforming capacity of CMV, and suggest that the virus may be oncogenic in its natural (human) host.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus and cancer of the prostate: in vitro transformation of human cells. 6 20

In an effort to develop a sensitive and specific method for detecting human prostatic cancer at early stages, we have studied the isoenzyme patterns of acid phosphatase in patients' sera as well as in benign hypertrophic and cancerous prostatic tissues using isoelectric focusing techniques. At least eight acid phosphatase isoenzymes at pI 4.1-5.5 could be observed. The sera with highly elevated acid phosphatase activity generally contained more isoenzymes with pI values of 4.5-5.0. The purified acid phosphatase isolated from benign hypertrophic and malignant prostatic tissues showed no qualitative difference in isoenzyme patterns although quantitative variations were observed. Malignant tissue contained more isoenzymes with pI values of 4.5-4.8. Patients' sera were found to contain isoenzymes of prostate origin. We have also investigated serum ribonuclease (RNase) activity in patients with prostatic cancer. The serum RNase activity of patients was significantly elevated. No significant correlation was observed between serum acid phosphatase and RNase activity. In some instances, where acid phosphatase activity was in the normal range, RNase activity was elevated. These data suggest that simultaneous measurements of RNase and acid phosphatase activities may be of value in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. The purified RNase has been isolated from human prostatic tissue and its immunologic properties are being studied.
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PMID:Enzyme markers in human prostatic carcinoma. 6 22

An immunochemical method for detection of prostatic acid prosphatase is described. Purified acid phosphatase was isolated from cancerous human prostate. A specific antiserum to the purified enzyme was produced in rabbits. The antiserum to postatic acid phosphatase did not react with acid phosphatase originating from other tissues. A counter immunolectrophoresis, utilizing the specific antibodies and a chemical staining technique, has been developed and clinically evaluated. Sera from patients with prostatic carcinoma (6/20 of stage B, 27/49 of stage C, and 98/125 of stage D) gave positive results. Sera from 19 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy, from 89 patients with other tumors, from 12 patients with Gaucher's disease, from 107 healthy volunteers, and from 50 normal age-matched men all gave negative results. The sensitivity of this method was 0.4 IU of enzyme activity or 20 ng per ml of prostatic acid phosphatase protein. Further clinical evaluation of patients in the early stage of prostatic cancer and of patients undergoing chemotherapy is in progress.
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PMID:Immunochemical detection of serum prostatic acid phosphatase. Methodology and clinical evaluation. 7 96

The simultaneous determination of acid phosphatase and citrate concentration in the seminal fluid obtained from 16 patients with prostatic adenoma showed normal values, 6 patiients with prostatic carcinoma (cytologically and histologically verified) however extremely low values. The difference between persons with prostatic cancer and those with adenoma became particulary obvious with both experimental results evaluated in the way of a twodimensional diagram. This clear separation of both clusters by the simultaneouse estimation of both biochemical parameters may possible get useful diagnostic significance.
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PMID:[Citrate and acid phosphatase in the ejaculate in prostatic carcinoma and adenoma]. 8 Oct 63

Acid phosphatase isozymes were investigated in cancerous prostatic tissue (4 cases) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (6 cases). Electron-microscopic histochemical examination of cancer tissue revealed irregular acid beta-glycerophosphatase staining in various cell organelles, including the plasma membrane, which was not seen in non-malignant tissue. Cancerous tissue homogenates also contained isozymic acid phosphatase species with high electrophoretic mobility, which was not detectable in benign tissue unless treated with detergent. Fractionation by differential centrifugation confirmed that much of the acid phosphatase activity in cancer tissue was extra-lysosomal. The detection of these isozyme properties may provide an opportunity, by means of tissue investigations, to define tumour stages earlier than on the basis of increased levels of serum acid phosphatase activity indicative of stage IV (D) prostatic cancer.
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PMID:The histochemical behaviour, electrophoretic mobility and distribution in cell fractions of acid phosphatase isozymes in prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. 8 5

Prostatic cancer kills more men than any other malignant condition except that arising from the lung. "Cancer Therapy: Prognostic Factors and Criteria of Response" predicted that there would be approximately 17 500 deaths due to this disease in the United States in 1978. Surgery is only applicable in stages A and B, when the tumour, as shown by various tests, such as measurement of the acid phosphatase value, technetium scanning and radioimmunoassay, is confined to the prostate. Ideally, the lymph glands along the iliac and obturator vessels should first be removed and quick-sectioned. If malignant cells are found in the lymph glands, the disease is considered surgically incurable and the procedure should be abandoned. If, however, the glands are disease free, a total prostatovesiculectomy should be carried out. The author also discusses the place of palliative surgery, such as transurethral resection, in the treatment of cancer of the prostate.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. 9 18

Acid phosphatase is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses organic phosphates at an acid pH. Although the postpuberteral prostatic epithelial cell contains a uniquely high concentration of acid phosphatase, cellular components of bone, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, and blood also contain this enzyme. The discovery that prostatic carcinoma cells often retain a high concentration of acid phosphatase characteristic of the normal postpubertal gland led to the recognition of the first clinically useful tumor marker. Recognition that the serum of patients with prostatic malignancy frequently contains an increased concentration of this enzyme has resulted in persistent efforts to identify the source, to accurately quantitate the level of serum acid phosphatase, and to determine the clinical significance of those levels. A variety of enzymatic and immunologic techniques have been employed to measure acid phosphatase. In the past, various substrates and inhibitors were utilized to increase specificity and sensitivity. Emphasis has now shifted to the development of radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in an attempt to enhance those parameters. Judgment of their efficacy awaits further testing and evaluation. The clinical significance of normal and abnormal serum acid phosphatase is constantly being reevaluated. In order to maximize the value of laboratory measurements, the clinical and pathologic status of the patient, the techniques employed in obtaining and storing the blood sample and the procedures used in analysis must be known and considered. Traditionally, the serum prostatic acid phosphatase has been thought to originate in the prostatic cancer cell and has been used to stage the disease. Until recently, elevated serum values have been accepted as an indication of extraprostatic disease, and were thought to rule out lesions confined to the prostate. The elevation of acid phosphatase levels in patients with disseminated disease or the failure of elevated levels to return to normal with treatment have been assumed to indicate a poor prognosis. However, unequivocal documentation of the validity of these statements is not available. Newer immunologic techniques for measuring acid phosphatase may significantly alter our current concept of its role as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase. 38 94

Acid phosphatase was the first "tumor marker" to be measured in the blood, and over 40 years have passed since an elevation of the serum acid phosphatase level was observed in patients with prostatic carcinoma. However, significant elevations in the level of this enzyme have been observed in other diseases, as well as elevations of other tissue phosphatases. Many improvements in the colorimetric technique have been introduced, but none has been used successfully to detect the tissue origin of this ubiquitous enzyme. The finding that prostatic acid phosphatase is antigenically distinct from acid phosphatase of other tissues opened a new horizon in the measurement of acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer. On the basis of this immunochemical specificity, several immunoassays have been employed for determining the prostatic acid phosphatase level.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase: new developments. 39 9


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