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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

Ninety-five patients with stage C (C1 + C2) or D (D1 + D2) prostatic carcinoma were treated with the depot formulation of D-TRP-6 LH-RH ("Decapeptyl") for up to 33 months. Serum testosterone (T) levels were significantly reduced to castration levels within 4 weeks and maintained persistently low. Similarly, LH levels were decreased, although they remained in the normal range. Stimulation tests with either Gn-RH or HCG in course of treatment showed the achievement of a complete pituitary desensitization and almost a complete down-regulation of testicular LH receptors. Of 88 patients evaluable for response, about one-half showed an objective response. In most cases, subjective improvement with relief of bone pain and/or urinary symptoms was obtained without major side effects. These results indicate that the depot formulation of D-TRP-6 LH-RH offers an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Long-term results with a long-acting formulation of D-TRP-6 LH-RH in patients with prostate cancer: an Italian prostatic cancer project (P.O.N.CA.P.) study. 296 Sep 57

Seven patients suffering from prostatic cancer were treated with a slow-release D-Trp-6-LHRH preparation for a period of 24-32 months. LH, FSH, PRL and testosterone levels were evaluated before and at the end of treatment and then 40 days later. Baseline and GnRH-, TRH-, and HCG-stimulated hormonal values decreased after treatment. The possibility that a long-term treatment with GnRH analogues induces a sustained suppression of pituitary and testicular function is suggested.
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PMID:Sustained impairment of pituitary and testicular function in prostatic cancer patients treated with a depot form of a GnRH agonist. 297 31

Prognostic factors in genitourinary cancers, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer, and testicular tumor, were discussed from several aspects on the basis of the analysis of own cases and reviews of literatures. The anatomical distribution of disease, particularly beyond the kidney, and degree of tumor differentiation were mostly related to prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. In bladder cancer, macroscopic growth pattern, histopathological intramural mode of spread, lymphatic and venous invasion, played an important role in prognosis, as do tumor grade and stage including metastasis. Hormone dependency and tumor markers were reconfirmed to be important and complementary as prognostic indicators as well as stage and grade in prostatic cancer. In testicular tumors, the most important factors for survival were extent of disease and tumor size, and histological cell type and determination of tumor markers, AFP and HCG, were also important and complementary as prognostic indicators.
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PMID:[Prognostic factors in genitourinary cancer]. 340 56

Two hundred and eighty-six patients presenting with metastatic adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma whose primary site was not identified by clinical history, physical examination and chest radiograph have been studied. Median survival from presentation was 22 weeks. Factors independently predicting improved survival were lymph node presentations, good performance status and body weight loss of less than 10 per cent. In 88 (31 per cent) patients the primary tumour site was subsequently identified, in 58 (20 per cent) during life. Lung cancer was the most frequently identified primary tumour, and in only 32 (11 per cent) of the patients was a 'treatable' primary tumour (i.e. germ cell, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid cancer or lymphoma) identified. Among the treatable primary tumours were those in eight out of 16 female patients presenting with axillary metastases who were subsequently shown to have primary breast cancer and four of 13 females presenting with ascites who were found to have primary ovarian cancer. Prostatic cancer was confirmed in five out of 13 men with raised serum acid phosphatase. Of 22 patients with elevated serum alphafoetoprotein (AFP) or beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels (beta HCG) 18 had some features of the 'atypical teratoma syndrome'. Of the total of 32 patients with treatable tumour types, 29 (90 per cent) were identified during life. Median survival for patients with treatable tumour types identified during life was 104 weeks, compared with 22 weeks for the group as a whole. Retrospective immunocytochemical staining of the original biopsy showed that prostatic specific antigen and antibodies to beta HCG and AFP were diagnostically useful, but a series of organ site non-specific markers of histogenesis or cellular differentiation (carcinoembryonic antigen, secretory component for IgA, peanut lectin binding, epithelial membrane antigen and keratin) showed no significant correlations with identified primary sites, responsiveness to empirical chemotherapy or survival. Metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma or adenocarcinoma from an unknown primary site represents 6.5 per cent of all referrals to the medical oncology unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. We offer guidelines for the rapid identification of the limited number of primary sites for which effective and specific forms of systemic treatment are available.
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PMID:Metastatic adeno or undifferentiated carcinoma from an unknown primary site--natural history and guidelines for identification of treatable subsets. 365 56

The haemoglobin-F levels and F-cell numbers were assessed in 19 patients with different urogenital cancers. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), total and prostatic acid phosphatase levels were also measured. HbF levels were found to be elevated in patients with testicular and prostatic cancer. No significant correlation was observed between HbF, AFP and beta HCG levels. The findings suggest that HbF production could be enhanced in patients with testicular and prostatic carcinomas and might be a useful marker to the disease activity.
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PMID:Haemoglobin-F levels in urogenital cancers. 618 44

Tumor marker for tumors in urology has been widely used to testicular and prostatic tumors. A part of testicular tumor produces alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and HCG, thus these markers can not be used for early detection of disease. However, they are very useful in typing testicular tumor, and in monitoring a course of disease which produces them. beta-HCG seems to be more specific than HCG. In case of prostatic cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) assayed immunochemically is sensitive and specific marker. Prostate antigen seems to be another excellent marker for this tumor, and this is well correlated with PAP. In reactivated case, tissue polypeptide antigen was elevated, suggesting use of this marker.
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PMID:[Tumor marker in urology]. 619 69

The unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used to examine human malignant prostatic tissue (primary tumors) for the presence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), and beta-chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The results were compared to those obtained with normal and hyperplastic prostate tissue (BPH). All specimens of neoplastic, hyperplastic, and normal prostate tissue showed immunostaining reactions for PSA. Immunostaining for PSA was relatively uniform among samples of normal and BPH tissue, but variations with respect to intensity of PSA immunostaining were noted among prostate tumors as well as between the neoplastic cells of individual tumors. Some areas of normal or hyperplastic prostatic epithelium within tumors showed stronger staining reactions for PSA than the tumor cells themselves. Using an antiserum which was able to detect both NCA and CEA, it was found that 16 of 38 tumors (42%) had positive immunostaining reactions. Of these, 15 were subsequently shown to contain only NCA immunoreactivity, and 1 tumor had both NCA and CEA immunoreactivity. NCA, but not CEA, immunoreactivity was identified in hyperplastic prostate tissue within tumor specimens and in BPH specimens. Neither antigen was detected in normal prostatic epithelium. Three of 38 tumors (8%) were found to contain neoplastic cells with HCG immunoreactivity. HCG immunoreactivity was not identified in BPH or normal prostatic tissue. Therefore, HCG and CEA immunoreactivity appear to be tumor-associated antigens in prostate cancer which are expressed with a low incidence. The results of the study identified prostate tumors with different patterns of immunocytochemical markers: 22 of 38 tumors (58%) contained only PSA immunoreactivity; 13 of 38 tumors (34%) contained PSA and NCA immunoreactivity; 2 of 38 tumors (5%) were positive for PSA, NCA, and HCG immunoreactivity; and 1 of 38 tumors (3%) contained PSA, NCA, HCG, and CEA immunoreactivity. Apart from PSA, which was present in all tumors, the markers studied here appeared to be more frequently expressed in well-differentiated tumors than in less-differentiated tumors. Our results suggest the possibility of subclassifying prostate tumors by means of immunocytochemistry.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical evaluation of human prostatic carcinomas for carcinoembryonic antigen, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen, beta-chorionic gonadotrophin, and prostate-specific antigen. 619 63

The level of serum TPA was determined by radio-immunoassay in 19 healthy subjects and 90 patients with urogenital cancer. The normal level of serum TPA was 86 +/- 24 U/l, and the level of more than 134 U/l was determined positive. The positive rate of TPA was 38.9% in 90 patients, while that of CEA was 25.6%. In 19 patients with bladder tumor and 7 with testicular tumor, the positive rates of TPA were 52.6% and 71.4%, respectively, and the level of serum TPA was high in these positive patients. Considering the low positive rate of CEA, TPA may be a more useful marker than CEA in patients with bladder tumor and testicular tumor. Serial determinations of serum TPA and CEA showed the considerable variation of serum TPA compared with serum CEA and a temporary elevation of serum TPA following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. However, the level of serum TPA fell significantly after the successful treatment in 8 patients (2 with renal cell cancer, 3 with bladder tumor, 1 with prostate cancer, 2 with testicular tumor) and rose sharply with recurrent or metastatic disease in 4 patients (2 with bladder tumor, 2 with testicular tumor). Although there was no correlation between the levels of serum TPA and serum PAP, the level of serum TPA tended to change in parallel with the level of serum AFP or HCG in 3 patients with testicular tumor.
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PMID:[Evaluation of serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with urogenital cancer]. 672 13

In order to measure beta1-SP1-glycoprotein (SP1), on RIA system by the 2-antibody method was established as a measuring method of the low concentration range. SP1 concentrations were measured by this method in the sera of women in early pregnancy, in the amniotic fluids of late pregnancy, in the sera of malignant tumour patients. Furthermore, SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy as well as E2, E3, progesterone and HCG concentrations in the same samples were measured, and correlations between them were examined. 1) The minimum sensitivity of this measuring system was 3ng/ml. The optimum concentration of samples was between 10 approximately 660ng/ml. 2) The correlation between the data obtained by this RIA method and the SRID method was as close as r = 0.9287. 3) SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were 0.17 +/- 0.12 microgram/ml in the fifth week of pregnancy, showing an almost straight increase during the course of pregnancy, and were 31.62 +/- 3.20 microgram/ml in the 13th week of pregnancy. 4) SP1 concentrations in amniotic fluids were 1.09 approximately 2.20 microgram/ml and were equal to about 1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy. SP1 concentrations in the sera of umbilical cord blood were 0.13 approximately microgram/ml, which were equal to about 0.1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy. 5) SP1 was detected in all four samples of the choriocarcinoma patients' sera, and the concentrations were 25 approximately 2,600ng/ml. Sp1 was detected in 6 of the 15 samples of the cervical carcinoma patients' sera, and the detection rate was 40%. SP1 was detected in 3 of the 6 samples of the leukemia patients' sera and 1 of the 4 samples of the prostatic cancer patients' sera. SP1 detection rates and concentrations appeared to increase in the sera of cervical carcinoma and leukemia patients in accordance with the progress of the diseases. SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were not correlative to measured E2 and E3 concentrations in the same samples, but there was a significant correlation with progesterone and HCG concentrations. The RIA method for measuring SP1, which we have established, is available for measuring SP1 in the low concentration range. The method is expected to be applied clinically, such as in examinations in early pregnancy, and will be available in fundamental studies such as attempts to measure the SP1 movement in malignant tumour patients, in cooperation with studies of the meaning of SP1 production at pregnancy.
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PMID:[Studies for a sensitive radioimmunoassay of beta1-Sp1-glycoprotein (SP1) (author's transl)]. 697 Jan 46


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