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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pretreatment plasma concentrations of total testosterone, prolactin, and total estradiol-17 beta (E2) were measured in 123 prostatic cancer patients who were categorized into groups according to the UICC classification. Patients with intracapsular tumour without metastases had significantly higher (p less than 0.05) pretreatment total estradiol levels than those with more advanced disease. The patients were treated either by orchiectomy or estrogens. The mean follow-up time was 48 months. Higher pretreatment estradiol and testosterone levels were associated with better survival. Prolactin assays seemed to be of no value in this respect.
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PMID:Pretreatment hormone levels in prostatic cancer. 318 1

Seventy-eight patients with cytologically and/or histologically confirmed prostatic cancer were randomly allocated to orchidectomy (ORX, n = 37) or combined intramuscular and oral estrogen treatment (ESTR, n = 41). Serum levels of testosterone (T), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total estrone (tE1; sum of unconjugated and conjugated estrone, greater than or equal to 85% estrone sulfate), cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin were determined prior to treatment and 12, 24, and 36 months after initiation of treatment. Fifty patients responded to treatment or had stable disease, and 28 did not respond (12 in the ORX and 16 in the ESTR group). There was no association between pretreatment hormone or protein levels and outcome of the treatment, neither in the total material nor within either of the two treatment subgroups. Significantly higher pretreatment levels of cortisol and prolactin and significantly lower levels of T, tE1, and albumin and a significantly lower T/SHBG-ratio (index on biologically active T) were found in patients with metastatic disease, compared with the patients without metastases. There was no association between testicular or adrenal androgens, SHBG, T/SHBG, and albumin values during treatment and the clinical outcome. The differences found between metastatic and nonmetastatic disease probably simply reflect the more stressful and catabolic condition and generally poorer health in patients with disseminated malignant disease. Furthermore, the study does not lend any support to the hypothesis that indicates an important role of adrenal "rest androgen" in prostatic cancer tumor growth.
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PMID:Prognostic value of serum hormone concentrations in prostatic cancer. 321 6

The concentration of unoccupied prolactin binding components was measured in 11 prostatic malignant tissue specimens obtained by TURP. Prolactin labeled with 125I binds specifically to mitochondrial and microsomal membrane subcompartments in some well- and medium-differentiated prostate cancer structures (67 and 50% of tumors, respectively). All the examined low-differentiated prostatic cancers (4/4) were found to be receptor-poor tissues. Thermal stability of prolactin binding components in tissues stored for 45 days at -30 degrees C is satisfactory and apparently is significantly greater than that of prostatic androgen receptors.
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PMID:Prolactin binding components in prostatic cancer tissue specimens obtained by TURP. 325 5

The relative success with which the response of breast cancer to endocrine therapy can be predicted by assay of female sex steroid receptors has led to attempts to use measurement of androgen receptors in neoplastic prostate tissue for predicting the success of anti-androgen therapy in prostate cancer. Hitherto hopes have not been fulfilled. Androgen receptors are present in almost all prostate samples, but with inhomogeneous distribution. No relationship was found between androgen receptor levels in needle aspirate and prognosis in prostatic carcinoma. Receptors for oestrogen, progestin and prolactin were also studied for identification of possible prognostic indicators. Progestin receptors appear to be present in prostatic tissue. Lack of consensus regarding prostatic oestrogen and prolactin receptors is due partly to their low (if any) concentrations and partly to differing methodology and interpretation of results. Oestrogen, progestin and prolactin receptors seem to lack prognostic significance in prostatic cancer. These findings and the high initial response rate of prostatic carcinoma to endocrine therapy indicate that further studies should focus on elucidating how such tumours become hormone-independent.
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PMID:Hormone receptors in human prostate cancer. 328 96

The product coming from numerical values of blood testosterone and prolactin concentrations (both in ng/mL) was used in discriminating hormone dependent from hormonally refractory prostatic carcinoma. This parameter has been denoted as a PTP value and was tested clinically as potential predictor of prostate cancer response to therapy in 235 first presented patients. Numerical value of the PTP parameter below 10, if computed as described herein, indicates hormone insensitive prostate cancer which is treated initially with either chemohormonal or cytotoxic agents.
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PMID:A new PTP parameter as potential predictor of prostate cancer response to therapy. 336 23

We have treated 34 patients with advanced prostate cancer, resistant to orchiectomy or oestrogen therapy, with aminoglutethimide. Seven patients (21%) showed improvement in pain and performance status for prolonged periods. By NPCP criteria six patients had stable disease and one had partial tumour response. Six of these patients remained on oestrogen therapy. Suppressed gonadotrophin levels (FSH and LH), despite orchiectomy, correlated strongly with benefit from aminoglutethimide. No relationships between response to treatment and changes in serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, oestradiol or prolactin were found. Six patients had side effects requiring cessation of therapy. A further 27 patients developed less severe toxicity. Despite its toxicity, these results show that aminoglutethimide has a role in the management of advanced prostatic cancer resistant to primary hormonal manipulation.
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PMID:Aminoglutethimide in advanced prostatic carcinoma. 355 88

We have investigated a group of 30 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic carcinoma of the prostate who were randomly assigned to receive, as primary treatment, either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estramustine phosphate (Emcyt). Clinical response was assessed following the guidelines of the National Prostatic Cancer Project and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Effective reduction in the levels of androgens was noted in all patients in both groups regardless of response. During the follow-up period (ranging between 2-5 years) relapses were noted despite the presence of androgen levels at or below castrate values. The most relevant endocrine observation was the detection of early elevations in serum prolactin in a majority of patients. It was noted, however, that those patients in whom hyperprolactinemia did not occur or appeared only briefly at the beginning of therapy, experienced a prolonged, symptom-free survival. Persistent hyperprolactinemia, on the other hand, carried an ominous prognosis. The differences in survival between normoprolactinemic and hyperprolactinemic groups carried statistical significance.
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PMID:Clinical relevance of plasma testosterone and prolactin changes in advanced cancer of prostate treated with diethylstilbestrol or estramustine phosphate. 390 34

Peripheral serum levels of testosterone, immunoreactive oestrogens (E2), FSH, LH, prolactin and growth hormone (hGH) and two steroid-sensitive proteins, 'pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein' (alpha 2-PAG) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), were measured in patients with prostatic cancer before treatment and after orchidectomy or during combined oral and intramuscular oestrogen treatment. Following orchidectomy, the serum levels of testosterone and E2 decreased whilst the levels of FSH and LH increased significantly. No changes were noted in the serum levels of alpha 2-PAG, SHBG or prolactin. Oestrogen treatment significantly decreased the serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH whilst levels of alpha 2-PAG, SHBG and prolactin were increased significantly. Serum levels of hGH during oestrogen treatment were significantly higher than in patients subjected to orchidectomy. These data are at variance with the established dogma of the oestrogen/androgen balance as a physiological regulator or liver protein synthesis, and indicate that factors other than the endogenous steroids may be operative. hGH may play an important role in this respect.
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PMID:Influence of orchidectomy or oestrogen treatment on serum levels of pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein and sex hormone binding globulin in patients with prostatic cancer. 392 1

The relationship between dietary nutrients and plasma testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17 beta, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels was investigated in 12 Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) vegetarian (SV), 10 SDA nonvegetarian (SNV), and 8 non-SDA nonvegetarian (NV) men. Fasting blood samples and 3-day dietary intake information were obtained from each subject. The SV subjects consumed significantly more crude and dietary fiber than the SNV and NV subjects, respectively. Plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta were significantly lower in the SV than in the omnivores. Additionally, the plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta of the combined groups (SV, SNV, and NV) revealed a significant negative relationship with their crude and dietary fiber intakes. These subjects hormonal milieu was related to specific dietary constituents, possibly leading to a decreased plasma concentration of androgen and estrogen in vegetarians. Implications include the possible modification of prostate cancer risk through dietary intervention.
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PMID:Dietary and hormonal interrelationships among vegetarian Seventh-Day Adventists and nonvegetarian men. 401 62

The use of ATP content as a measurement for cell growth was evaluated in the LNCaP prostatic cancer cell line. ATP content was found to correlate well with cell counts and was an easy and reliable method for following the effect of substances on cell growth. During cultivation for 9 days no effect on cell counts or ATP content could be seen when testosterone (10(-10) to 10(-6) M), estradiol-17 beta (10(-10) to 10(-5) M), 5 alpha-DHT (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), prolactin, vitamin A, or antiandrogen was added to the cell medium in different combinations. However, a weak positive effect was seen on the mitotic index when 10 or 100 nM 5 alpha-DHT was added to the cells, whereas 1 microM 5 alpha-DHT inhibited cell growth. Thus despite the fact that this LNCaP line contained 16 fmol androgen receptor/mg protein (Kd 0.6 nM), it is unresponsive to hormones and should be designated LNCaP-r (resistant). Chromosome analysis revealed that a shift in the modal chromosome number had occurred from the original LNCaP line, which could account for the lack of hormonal sensitivity.
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PMID:Effect of hormones on growth and ATP content of a human prostatic carcinoma cell line, LNCaP-r. 404 15


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