Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study concerning 146 patients with prostatic cancer showed that 30 of them (20 p.cent) presented ureteral obstacles at some time during the evolution of the disease. The majority of these cases were T3-T4 tumors. When a strickly medical approach allowed to reduce the obstruction, the 1 year survived rate was 71 p.cent. When surgery became necessary due to persistent renal insufficiency, in spite of medical treatment the 1 year survival rate was 15 p.cent.
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PMID:[Treatment of ureteral obstructions due to prostatic carcinoma. Prognostic value of response to medical treatment (author's transl)]. 53 64

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of cis-diammine(glycolato)platinum (254-S), a second-generation anticancer platinum complex, in the treatment of genitourinary cancers. 254-S was given i.v. at 100 mg/m2 at 4-week intervals. As a result, 2 complete responses (CRs) and 8 partial responses (PRs) were obtained in 35 patients with transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder or pyeloureter, 3 PRs were obtained in 16 subjects with prostatic cancer, and 6 CRs and 6 PRs were obtained in 15 patients with testicular cancer, generating objective response rates of 28.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.6%-46.3%], 18.8% (95% CI, 4.0%-45.6%), and 80.0% (95% CI, 51.9%-95.7%), respectively. Bone marrow suppression was the dose-limiting toxicity, although it was reversible. Although no hydration was performed in approx. 40% of the patients, the incidence of nephrotoxic effects was low and most of those encountered were mild, the exception being one patient who showed severe renal insufficiency after the first treatment. Nausea and vomiting occurred in approx. 70% of the patients, but most gastrointestinal toxicities were controlled without antiemetic treatment. In addition, liver-function impairment was rarely observed. We conclude that 254-S is a promising cisplatin analogue for the treatment of genitourinary cancers and is worthy of further investigation in large-scale, randomized comparative studies with other platinum derivatives in both single-agent and combination regimens.
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PMID:Phase II study of cis-diammine(glycolato)platinum, 254-S, in patients with advanced germ-cell testicular cancer, prostatic cancer, and transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. 254-S Urological Cancer Study Group. 133 48

Contents of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in urine, plasma and tissues in urological diseases were estimated by enzyme immunoassay using beads bound to the anti-EGF antibody, and the clinical significance of the presence of EGF in the disease state was examined. There was no difference in EGF level between healthy male and female subjects (n = 22), and the level showed a tendency to decrease with age (p less than 0.05). The subjects were 19 cases of prostatic cancer, 7 of renal cancer, and 12 of urinary bladder cancer. The difference in EGF level between the healthy subjects and patients was not significant, and the levels were shown to be lower in 8 cases of renal insufficiency (including patients on hemodialysis:HD)(p less than 0.01). Plasma EGF levels in the 30 healthy subjects revealed no significant differences related to sex or age. Plasma EGF levels were lower in 42 cases of renal insufficiency (before and after HD), and in 7 cases of renal cancer (p less than 0.01); they ware significantly lower in 15 cases of prostatic cancer (p less than 0.05). In tissues including tumor sites, EGF levels were higher particularly in the prostatic gland tissue (hypertrophy and cancer regions). Thus, urinary and plasma EGF levels in urological diseases may be useful parameters of renal function, but its relationship with malignant diseases is still unknown. The EGF level should be explored in relation with the EGF receptor.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the epidermal growth factor contents in urine, plasma and tissue from the patients with urological diseases]. 141 40

A review of 14,296 unselected bone scans identified 889 scans showing absent or faint renal uptake. The majority of cases were associated with renal insufficiency (816/889; 91.8%), while widespread metastatic bone disease was the most common cause in a group of patients without renal disease (53/889; 6.0%). Of the 140 patients with prostate cancer, 108 (77.1%) had evidence of bone metastasis, 19 of whom (17.6%) revealed absent or faint renal uptake, demonstrating that poor renal uptake is more frequently associated with prostate cancer than with any other malignancy. Of note was that 162 out of 328 (49.4%) patients with stomach cancer at varying stages showed evidence of bone metastasis, and 14 of them (8.6%) showed poor renal images on bone scan. Interestingly, ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis were occasional causes of lack of renal activity (4 and 3 cases, respectively). A case of adult-form osteopetrosis, showing strikingly increased uptake mainly in the long bones with markedly diminished renal uptake, was also included in this study. Of the 53 bone scans with metastatic disease showing poor renal uptake, 44 (83.0%) revealed evidence of diffuse or multiple metastases in both spine and ribs, while 49 (92.5%) showed malignant involvement in three or more regions and 35 (66.0%) in four or more regions, suggesting widespread bone involvement in most cases.
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PMID:Absent or faint renal uptake on bone scan. Etiology and significance in metastatic bone disease. 193 4

Although Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) has been used as a contrast material in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is known that contrast enhancement effect is not uniform if the concentration of Gd-DTPA increases beyond some levels. In this study, to evaluate the proper pulse sequences for dynamic MRI in the human kidney, the concentration of Gd-DTPA was quantitatively measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry in human biological samples after administration of Gd-DTPA. The signal intensity of MRI in the solutions of several concentrations of Gd-DTPA was measured. The results were that in using a low magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 mumol/g under saturation recovery sequences (flip angle = 60 degrees or 90 degrees). Using a high magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 or 3.0 mumol/g under spin-echo or gradient-echo sequences. Gd-DTPA concentration of the renal cortex ranged from 0.132 to 0.152 mumol/g tissue at 5 min after IV injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight in six patients with adrenal tumor or renal cell cancer, and one patient with both urinary bladder cancer and prostatic cancer. Six of the patients showed normal renal function and the other had renal insufficiency (GFR = 25 ml/min/1.48 m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid enhanced MRI of kidney represent tissue concentration of contrast media in the kidney? In vivo and in vitro study. 800 71

Although Gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) has been used as a contrast material in magnetic resonance imaging, it is known that contrast enhancement effect disappears if the concentration of Gd-DPTA increases beyond some levels. In this study, to evaluate the proper pulse sequences for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the human kidney, the concentration of Gd-DTPA was quantitatively measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry in human biological samples after administration of Gd-DTPA, and the signal intensity of MRI is the solutions of several concentrations of Gd-DTPA was measured. The results were; 1. In using a low magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 mumol/g under saturation recovery sequences (flip angle was 60 degrees or 90 degrees). Using a high magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 or 3.0 mumol/g under spin echo or gradient-echo sequences. 2. Gd-DTPA concentration of the renal cortex ranged from 0.132 to 0.152 mumol/g tissue at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight in 7 patients with adrenal tumor or renal cell cancer, and 1 patient with both urinary bladder cancer and prostatic cancer. Seven of them showed normal renal function and the other had renal insufficiency (GFR 25 ml/min/1.48 m2). Gd-DTPA concentrations of renal medulla and renal cell cancer tissue were 0.123 and 0.108 mumol/g tissue, respectively, at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight. These results suggest that the signal intensity of renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal cell cancer tissue may linearly correlate with Gd-DTPA concentration of tissues at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.5 mmol/kg body weight.
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PMID:Concentration of gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid in human kidney--study on proper time for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the human kidney on low and high magnetic fields. 812 80

This Phase I study of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2), an p.o. administered vitamin D analogue, in patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer was designed to assess the toxicity, pharmacokinetic and biological markers of drug activity, and lastly tumor response data to recommend a dose for Phase II studies. 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D(2) was administered daily at doses ranging from 5 to 15 microg/day. Patients were monitored for toxicity and tumor response, and blood and urine samples were collected for pharmacokinetics (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) levels) and other parameters of biological activity (bone markers, parathyroid hormone, urine calcium, and serum phosphorus levels). Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Main toxicities were hypercalcemia with associated renal insufficiency. No other significant toxicity was seen. Pharmacokinetics showed an increase in the active metabolite 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) that reached a plateau by week 4 despite continuous drug dosing. Elevation in daily urinary calcium excretion and serum phosphorus levels was seen, whereas a decrease in serum parathyroid hormone was evident. Two patients showed evidence of a partial response, whereas 5 others achieved disease stabilization for > or =6 months. 1alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D(2) was well tolerated with main toxicities being hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency. All of the toxicity was reversible with drug discontinuation. Evidence for drug activity was seen in surrogate markers, and pharmacokinetic analysis showed substantial increases in vitamin D metabolite levels among the various cohorts. Whereas the defined maximum tolerated dose was not reached, the recommended Phase II dose was 12.5 microg/day given continuously.
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PMID:Phase I trial of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin d(2) in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. 1223 22

It is well accepted that tumor cells in the bone, especially from breast cancer, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma, can stimulate osteoclast formation and activity. Bisphosphonates are potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated normal and pathologic bone resorption. Besides their apoptotic and antiproliferative activity on osteoclasts, bisphosphonates can also exert similar effects on macrophages and tumor cells. Currently, it is unknown if this effect can be translated into clinical practice with regard to an effective adjuvant therapeutic regimen for high-risk patients with systemic recurrences following primary treatment of a given cancer. There are several new aspects that might extend the clinical use of ibandronate, a bisphosphate, in oncology: prevention of hypogonadal osteoporosis in men, palliative management of painful osseous metastases and adjuvant therapy of high-risk prostate cancer patients. Safety and tolerability are excellent for the oral and intravenous formulations, and ibandronate can even be safely applied in pre-existing renal insufficiency. The purpose of this review is to critically reflect the pharmacology and clinical efficacy of ibandronate in the management of tumor-induced hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and metastatic bone disease.
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PMID:Ibandronate: its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in the management of tumor-induced hypercalcemia and metastatic bone disease. 1560 28

Incidence and mortality of prostate cancer increase with age. This epidemiologic trend and disease's natural history, extending on 10 to 15 years, explain that a majority of patients are old (more than 70 years) to very old (more than 80 years) at the metastatic stage. Moreover, when a geriatric screening is done, oncogeriatric parameters are often disturbed, justifying both an oncologic and a geriatric approaches. But the strength of co-morbidities does not justify a systematic under-treatment, because a patient older than 70 years and suffering from prostate cancer on two will die from his cancer, often with a painful symptomatology. As for a younger patient, the disease is hormono-sensitive during 18 to 24 months, before it becomes androgeno-resistant. The treatment, simple castration, complete hormonal blocking or anti-androgens alone, was not evaluated specifically in the elderly. Clinical and biological response to hormonal manipulation is often short and this procedure should not delay chemotherapy, when patient's clinical status allows it, in order mainly to reduce clinical symptoms. Docetaxel showed, in TAX427 study, a better control of clinical symptoms than mitoxantrone and also an increase in patients'survival. In the subgroup of patients older than 70, hematologic toxicities are more frequent and justify a G-CSF prophylaxy, according to international recommendations; on the opposite, non-hematologic toxicities are as frequent as in the younger subgroup. When bone metastases are symtomatic, some treatments can associate or follow a chemotherapy: bisphosphonates, radiotherapy and metabolic radiotherapy. These treatments have specific toxicities and must be specifically supervised in the elderly (bisphosphonates can worsen a renal insufficiency and metabolic radiotherapy induces frequently a limitant hematotoxicity). Lastly, new molecules are currently under evaluation. Current or future studies, according to international recommendations, must include elderly patients and avoid restrictive exclusion criteria.
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PMID:[Metastatic prostate cancer treatment in the elderly]. 1784 98

An original method of surgical treatment of synchronous primary-multiple bladder and prostate cancer was used in 10 cases. Ureterocutaneostomy with pelvic-iliac lymphodissection appeared to be the simplest means of urine diversion after cysto-prostate-vesiculoectomy, particularly, in apparent concomitant pathology, basal renal insufficiency or blockade. Urine diversion is best assured via ureterosigmorectoanastomosis which is optimal as far as social rehabilitation of the patient is concerned.
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PMID:[Treatment for urologic polyneoplasia]. 1852 74


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