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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Dunning R3327 tumor represents a system for studying prostate cancer in Copenhagen X Fischer rats. Animals bearing variant sublines (H, G, and MAT-LyLu) differing in growth rate, differentiation, hormone responsiveness, and metastatic ability were assayed for three immunological markers. Spleens were passed through a tissue sieve, and mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. These were assayed for leukocytic subsets using monoclonal antibodies. An adherent population was isolated and evaluated using thin-layer chromatography for conversion of radiolabeled arachidonic acid to E series prostaglandins. Finally, sera from these animals were assayed for levels of circulating immune complexes using polyethylene glycol precipitation. Data from 52 rats bearing the various tumors were obtained, correlated with subline aggressiveness, and compared to 15 controls. Each tumor group demonstrated significantly lower helper/suppressor T-cell ratios than controls, probably due to general tumor presence. In addition, the most aggressive R3327 MAT-LyLu variant had significantly increased prostaglandin E synthesis by adherent spleen cells compared to the H or G sublines and significantly increased levels of circulating immune complexes relative to the H subline. G subline values for both prostaglandin E and circulating immune complexes levels were intermediate, suggesting that these markers correlate better with tumor aggressiveness than helper/suppressor T-cell ratios.
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PMID:Immunoregulatory markers in rats carrying Dunning R3327 H, G, or MAT-LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma variants. 349 74

Withholding or reducing the intensity and aggressiveness of treatment for elderly cancer patients is a widespread tenet lacking substantiation in the literature. To assess the potential value of definitive external beam radiotherapy in the elderly, an analysis of the therapeutic ratio between local regional control and complications was performed in 34 prostatic cancer patients more than 75 years old. Median followup was 5 years (range 2 to 8 years). The 5-year actuarial local regional control rate was 91 per cent. The 5-year actuarial survival rate was 81 per cent and the 5-year survival rate free of disease was 63 per cent. There were no severe complications. Mild to moderate chronic complications occurred in 3 patients (9 per cent). This treatment resulted in an excellent therapeutic ratio, which demonstrates that external beam radiation can be given to elderly patients with acceptable morbidity and gratifying results.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate in the elderly: the therapeutic ratio of definitive radiotherapy. 377 98

We compared the clinical efficacy and safety of Buserelin treatment versus orchiectomy in 29 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostatic cancer. There was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities in 1) reduction of plasma testosterone to below 100 ng/dl after 8 weeks, 2) objective clinical response rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma, 3) induction of complete remission in patients with stages C and D1 carcinoma, or 4) relapse rates and death rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma. After scoring stage D2 disease according to our aggressiveness analysis system, we found that patients with less aggressive neoplasms displayed a qualitatively better response and more prolonged remission. These data and the absence of estrogenic effects confirm Buserelin as a favorable alternative to orchiectomy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Additionally, the study demonstrates the importance of considering the heterogeneity of the aggressiveness of stage D2 disease in assessing the benefits of clinical trials in prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated with either buserelin (HOE 766) or orchiectomy: classification of variables associated with disease outcome. 393 31

The incidence of second primary cancers was investigated among 19,886 patients with prostate cancer. The analysis disclosed 594 new cancers, which was significantly less than the expected 1,176 cases (relative risk = 0.51). Deficits were observed for most sites but were only significant for cancers of the lip, lung, and gastrointestinal organs. The average age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 72 years. It is likely that the apparent deficit in the incidence of second neoplasms resulted from less diagnostic aggressiveness in elderly patients with cancer compared with younger patients. The risk of developing a second primary cancer was also investigated in 4,290 men with testis cancer reported to the Danish Cancer Registry between 1943 and 1980. A significant 29% excess of second cancers was found (174 observed vs. 135 expected). A bimodal distribution of risk over time was found with a 67% excess seen among patients followed for 1-4 years that was mainly due to increased incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and malignant lymphomas. Among patients surviving 10 or more years, the overall excess of 32% observed was mainly due to cancers of the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary bladder. As part of the initial treatment for testis cancer, 82% of the patients received radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was rarely given before 1975 and then mostly to patients with a poor prognosis. Late effects of radiotherapy conceivably could account for some of the excess of second hematologic as well as solid neoplasms.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the male genital system in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 8

In an effort to define ultrastructural histologic features that might serve as predictors of tumor aggressiveness, a retrospective study was conducted on 52 patients with localized and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the prostate. Nucleolar surface area measurements were made by stereologically analyzing pictures obtained by the backscattered electron imaging (BEI) attachment to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were compared with the Gleason grading system which is based on light microscopic glandular patterns. In patients with no evidence of disease three years or more after radical prostatectomy, the initial biopsy demonstrated nucleolar surface areas which averaged 1.28 micrometers2 (range 0.60 to 2.27 micrometers2) whereas, patients with metastases or dying of cancer exhibited an average nucleolar surface area of 5.17 micrometers2 (range 2.49 to 10.01 micrometers2). With a single exception in this 52-patient survey, progressive disease was always accompanied by nucleolar surface measurements larger than 2.40 micrometers2. There was close correlation in nucleolar surface measurements between the initial biopsy and the radical prostatectomy specimens; in contrast, Gleason grades varied by more than 30 per cent between the initial and final specimens in 70 per cent of the cases. Only 9 of 16 patients with aggressive disease ever demonstrated Gleason grades above 6. The development of an ultrastructural grading system may provide a means of determining prognosis in prostatic cancer in objectivity and specificity to light microscopic grading systems.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of nucleolar surface area in prostate cancer. 708 Mar 31

The levels of fibronectin in urine from patients with prostatic cancer, from patients with benign urologic disease, and from healthy control individuals were determined by the use of a gelatin affinity chromatography procedure. The assay does not seem to give false positive results, inasmuch as evaluation of 16 patients with benign urologic disease showed urinary fibronectin levels in the same range as those found in healthy controls. For a single determination, the levels in 42 per cent of prostatic cancer patients were elevated above control levels; when prostatic cancer patients were evaluated sequentially, the determination of urinary fibronectin levels over three sampling times approached a 100 per cent correlation with presence of disease. Inasmuch as levels of urinary fibronectin episodically elevate in patients with prostatic carcinoma, the differential frequency and magnitude of urinary fibronectin elevations may be useful markers to assess tumor aggressiveness and to monitor the impact of a therapeutic modality.
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PMID:Urinary fibronectin: potential as a biomarker in prostatic cancer. 735 3

In 106 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer digital rectal examination (DRE), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determination and results of systematic sextant biopsies (TRUS 6Bx) of the prostate were analyzed for their value in the estimation of the aggressivity of tumors. In all patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed. Tumor aggressiveness was defined as capsular penetration (pT2 versus pT3) or positive surgical margins in patients with pT3 tumors. Neither DRE nor preoperative PSA level was helpful in predicting capsular penetration or positive surgical margins. However, the number of positive core biopsies and the identification of Gleason 4 or 5 tumors within positive biopsy specimens correlated with capsular penetration and positive surgical margins. These results can be used to create a score, based on DRE, PSA, TRUS 6Bx, and Gleason 4 or 5, that might be helpful in predicting tumour aggressivity in patients with localized prostate cancer.
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PMID:[Preoperative assessment of tumor aggressiveness in localized prostatic carcinoma]. 748 60

The natural history of prostatic cancer has been regarded as unpredictable for a long period of time. The discrepancy between histologically identifiable (50%) and clinically diagnosed carcinomas (8%) led to the term of 'latent' prostatic cancer and to a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Based on our previous studies showing that biological aggressiveness of prostatic cancer is a direct function of tumor volume and that tumor volume and serum-PSA are proportional, we evaluated two basically different groups of patients. The first group consisted of 43 patients with untreated carcinomas of the prostate followed with serial PSA determinations. The exponential (log-linear) rise in PSA led us to the conclusion of an exponential tumor growth rate. The doubling time of organ-confined tumors was three to four years and became shorter with higher clinical stages and poorly differentiated histological grades. The second group consisted of 139 patients who underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer and had no evidence for simultaneously identifiable prostatic cancer. In 55 Patients (40%) unsuspected prostatic cancer was found in the specimen; the volume distribution of these carcinomas was exponential. Eleven of the 139 men (7.9%) had a prostatic cancer > or = 0.5 cc, corresponding to the 8%-risk for a man being diagnosed within his lifetime with a clinically significant carcinoma of the prostate. We conclude that the other 44 carcinomas < 0.5 cc will never reach clinical significance due to their small size and their long doubling time; in this sense they can be considered 'latent'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Natural follow-up of prostate cancer and consequences for early detection]. 750 45

The natural history of prostate cancer has been regarded as unpredictable for a long period of time. The discrepancy between histologically identifiable (40%) and clinically diagnosed carcinomas (8%) led to the term of "latent" prostate cancer and to a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Based on previous studies showing that biological aggressiveness of prostate cancer is a direct function of tumor volume and that tumor volume and serum-PSA are proportional, two basically different groups of patients were evaluated. The first group consisted of 43 patients with untreated carcinomas of the prostate followed with serial PSA determinations. The exponential (log-linear) rise in PSA led to the conclusion of an exponential tumor growth rate. The median doubling time of clinically organ-confined tumors was 4 years and became shorter with higher clinical stages and poorly differentiated histological grades. The second group consisted of 139 patients who underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer and had no evidence for simultaneously identifiable prostate cancer. In 55 patients (40%) unsuspected prostate cancer was found in the specimen; the volume distribution of these carcinomas was exponential. Eleven of the 139 men (7.9%) had a prostate cancer greater than 0.5 cc, corresponding to the 8% risk for a man being diagnosed within his life-time with a clinically significant carcinoma of the prostate. In conclusion, the other 44 carcinomas below 0.5 cc may never reach clinical significance due to their small size and their long doubling time; in this sense they can be considered "latent".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The diagnostic and therapeutic window for localized carcinoma of the prostate. 752 72

At a WHO consensus conference on Early Diagnosis and Prognostic Parameters in Localized Prostate Cancer, a working group discussed the clinical utility of DNA measurements in stages T2 and T3 prostate carcinoma. Incidentally discovered prostate cancer of stage T1 was excluded. The members of the working group, representing various clinical and laboratory disciplines, discussed technical considerations of DNA measurements by flow and image analysis, pretreatment prediction of prognosis, and posttreatment clinical relevance. The group agreed to subdivide tumors into diploid, tetraploid and non-tetraploid aneuploid, expressing various degrees of aggressiveness and gave guidance for the definition of limits of these groups. The panel agreed that knowledge on DNA ploidy prior to treatment is of value in treatment decisions, particularly when surveillance is a treatment option. Aneuploid tumors can be expected to respond very poorly to either irradiation or endocrine therapy, and the presence of aneuploid tumor, either on pretreatment biopsies or in radical prostatectomy specimens, is an ominous sign. The identification of a group of patients with a uniformly poor prognosis should encourage medical oncologists and basic scientists to develop adequate treatment options for this particular group. The panel expressed a strong opinion that DNA ploidy should be uniformly studied in clinical trials, particularly in patients with localized prostate cancer.
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PMID:Clinical utility of cellular DNA measurements in prostate carcinoma. Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Prognostic Parameters in Localized Prostate Cancer. Stockholm, Sweden, May 12-13, 1993. 752 29


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