Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Conventional cytogenetics of breast and other solid tumors has been hampered by a number of factors. An analysis of breast tumor tissues was therefore undertaken using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A total of 34 specimens were analyzed using a chromosome 8-specific alpha-satellite probe. Various approaches were tested and compared. Among 30 informative samples, 11 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, not otherwise specified (NOS), 5 ductal carcinomas in situ, 5 lobular carcinomas, 3 papillary carcinomas, and 6 benign lesions were studied. Of the 11 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (NOS) analyzed, four cases showed 3 signals, one case showed 4 signals, and the rest showed 2 signals. Of the 5 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ samples, 1 showed 3 signals and the other 4 cases showed 2 signals. All cases of lobular carcinomas, papillary carcinomas, and benign lesions showed 2 signals. We inferred from these data that 36% of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas (NOS) were trisomic and 9% were tetrasomic, whereas 20% of the ductal carcinomas in situ were trisomic. All samples from lobular carcinomas, papillary carcinomas, and the benign lesions were disomic. From our preliminary data, it can further be concluded that a subset of breast cancer is characterized by chromosome 8 trisomy. These data are consistent with an ever-increasing database on the association of chromosomal 8 trisomy with other cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, prostate cancer, ovarian carcinoma, salivary gland tumor, malignant melanoma, desmoid tumors, and recently gestational trophoblastic disease. It is also noted that the ability to analyze formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival material will enable a more comprehensive cytogenetic study of breast cancer than is currently available.
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PMID:Fluorescent in situ hybridization assessment of chromosome 8 copy number in breast cancer. 886 38

Monoclonal antibodies are used to detect serum antigens associated with specific malignancies. These tumor markers are most useful for monitoring response to therapy and detecting early relapse. With the exception of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor markers do not have sufficient sensitivity or specificity for use in screening. Cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 most frequently is used to follow response to therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen is used to detect relapse of colorectal cancer, and CA 19-9 may be helpful in establishing the nature of pancreatic masses. CA 125 is useful for evaluating pelvic masses in postmenopausal women, monitoring response to therapy in women with ovarian cancer, and detecting recurrence of this malignancy. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, sometimes is used to screen highly selected populations and to assess hepatic masses in patients at particular risk for developing hepatic malignancy. Testing for the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease. Combined AFP and beta-hCG testing is an essential adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, and in monitoring the response to therapy. AFP and beta-hCG also may be useful in evaluating potential origins of poorly differentiated metastatic cancer. PSA is used to screen for prostate cancer, detect recurrence of the malignancy, and evaluate specific syndromes of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary.
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PMID:Serum tumor markers. 1452 94

The expression of core 2 beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 (C2GnT) is associated with development and progression of malignancy. Sequence analysis showed that the codon 152 of C2GnT has a polymorphism having GTT encoding valine or ATT encoding isoleucine. By examining the polymorphism in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, we found that the C2GnT G allele was more frequently observed in the prostate cancer group (p=0.015) than the control group. Men with the GG genotype had a 3.60-fold increased risk of prostate cancer, and men with the AG genotype had a 1.58-fold increased risk of prostate cancer compared with those with the AA genotype. The G allele was found to have a gene dosage effect for prostate cancer risk. No such risk was associated for benign prostatic hyperplasia. These results demonstrate that C2GnT A/G polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to prostate cancer in a Japanese population.
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PMID:An A/G polymorphism of core 2 branching enzyme gene is associated with prostate cancer. 1588 71

The measurement of tumor markers is currently one of the most rapidly growing areas in laboratory medicine. Lack of sensitivity and specificity preclude the use of most existing markers for the early detection of malignancy. For patients with diagnosed malignancy, however, markers are potentially useful in determining prognosis, predicting therapeutic response, maintaining surveillance following curative surgery and monitoring therapy in advanced disease. Clinically useful markers include CEA in the surveillance of patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer, AFP and HCG in the management of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, HCG in the management of patients with trophoblastic disease, CA 125 for monitoring therapy in patients with ovarian cancer, estrogen receptors for predicting response to hormone therapy in breast cancer and HER-2 for the identification of women with breast cancer likely to respond to trastuzumab (Herceptin). Although widely used, the impact of PSA screening in reducing mortality from prostate cancer remains to be shown.
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PMID:Role of tumor markers in patients with solid cancers: A critical review. 1744 88

Seric tumour markers (STM) are molecules that theoretically indicate the presence of malignancy, and used for monitoring response to therapy and early detection of relapse. This article describes the use and limitations of common SMT in patient with solid tumors. Excepting prostate specific antigen (PSA) and thyroglobulin, STM are not poorly sensitive or specific for screening and diagnosis of cancers. Alpha foetoprotein (AFP) is however used to screen hepatocellular carcinoma in high risk patients with suspect masses. Beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG) is frequently used for the diagnosis and management of gestational trophoblastic disease, while combined AFP and beta-HCG dosage is a good adjunct in the evaluation and treatment of non seminomatous germ cell tumors. PSA is used for screening and follow up of prostate cancer. Ca 125 is useful for evaluating pelvic masses in postmenopausal women and monitoring response to therapy in women with ovarian cancer, while Ca 15 3 is used to follow response to therapy in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Use of common seric tumor markers in patients with solid cancers. 1921 52

Prostate cancer represents approximately 10 percent of all cancer cases in men and accounts for more than a quarter of all cancer types. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer progression, however, have not translated well to the clinic. Patients with metastatic and hormone-refractory disease have only palliative options for treatment, as chemotherapy seldom produces durable or complete responses, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. T-oligo, a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid with partial sequence homology to human telomeric DNA, has elicited cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effects in multiple cancer cell types. In contrast, normal primary cells of varying tissue types are resistant to cytotoxic actions of T-oligo, underscoring its potential utility as a novel targeted cancer therapeutic. Mechanistically, T-oligo is hypothesized to interfere with normal telomeric structure and form G-quadruplex structures, thereby inducing genomic stress in addition to aberrant upregulation of DNA damageresponse pathways. Here, we present data demonstrating the enhanced effectiveness of a deoxyguanosine-enriched sequence of T-oligo, termed (GGTT)4, which elicits robust cytotoxic effects in prostate cancer cells at lower concentrations than the most recent T-oligo sequence (5'-pGGT TAG GTG TAG GTT T 3') described to date and used for comparison in this study, while exerting no cytotoxic actions on nontransformed human prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, we provide evidence supporting the T-oligo induced activation of cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in prostate cancer cells consistent with G-quadruplex formation, thereby significantly advancing the understanding of the T-oligo mechanism of action.
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PMID:Enhanced cytotoxicity from deoxyguanosine-enriched T-oligo in prostate cancer cells. 2397 6