Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 102 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma, complete data on the serum concentration of 7 tumour markers were available from 90 patients, together with tumour grade, local stage and the presence or absence of skeletal metastases. The serum content of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, neopterin, thymidine kinase, osteocalcin, C-reactive protein and tissue polypeptide antigen was measured. By means of Cox's regression and multivariate analysis the ability of these variables to predict prognosis, i.e. death from prostatic cancer, was studied. Neopterin appeared to be the most efficient marker, followed by tumour grade, thymidine kinase and prostate specific antigen. No other variable provided information of statistical significance. In multivariate analysis thymidine kinase performed best, followed by neopterin, tumour grade and prostate specific antigen. Several serum tumour markers reflect the biological activity of human prostate cancers and their value should be further explored. They may become useful in the management of individual patients.
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PMID:Tumour markers as prognostic aids in prostatic carcinoma. 169 4

Mechanisms causing negative findings of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in inflammatory disorders and malignant neoplasms were investigated. Patients with advanced prostate cancer manifesting negative CRP and alpha 2M deficiency were found. This finding suggests that alpha 2M, a carrier protein of interleukin-6, mediates CRP synthesis by the liver. Mechanism of synthesis of acute phase proteins including CRP, SAA and others was shown to be different in response to inflammation, alpha 2M-dependence in alpha 2M deficiency, the production of CRP and SAA by human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and the processes on the transcriptional activation of acute phase protein genes. In cases of prostate cancer associated with serum alpha 2M deficiency metastasis to the bones was noted. This finding suggests that alpha 2M inhibits metastasis of prostate cancer. It was suggested that the alpha 2M deficiency develops from complex formation of alpha 2M with proteases including PSA and u-PA, and accelerated catabolism of the complex rather than suppressed production of alpha 2M.
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PMID:[Immunological background of plasma protein abnormalities--the relation between inflammation and malignant neoplasm]. 1059 Jun 64

Currently, radical retropubic prostatectomy is the standard procedure for clinically localized prostate cancer. The surgical technique has been continuously refined for decades, resulting in reduced morbidity and improved functional and oncologic results. Since the late 90s, radical prostatectomy has been increasingly performed laparoscopically. A search of the available data has found that the articles published so far have proven the feasibility of the laparoscopic procedure but never confirmed its less invasiveness. In accordance with previous studies that have evaluated the invasiveness of various open and laparoscopic procedures, our clinic, which has routinely performed both techniques for several years, addressed the question whether laparoscopic prostatovesiculectomy indeed induces less severe surgical trauma. This prospective nonrandomized comparison study of the University Clinic of Urology at the Martin-Luther University at Halle-Wittenberg recruited a total of 64 patients, who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (n = 32) or open retropubic prostatectomy (n = 32) from January 2003 to April 2004. Both patient groups were comparable as to preoperative staging, PSA value and Gleason score. Besides perioperative parameters, such as surgical time, intra- and postoperative complications, blood loss and transfusion rate, need for analgetics and length of hospital stay, the comparison included oncologic data, such as Gleason score, pathologic stage and numbers of positive specimen margins. To get objectively reproducible data, the range of the systemic answers concerning the surgically induced tissue trauma was recorded as laboratory data. In all patients, pre-, intra-, and postsurgical markers of the acute-phase C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured. The transfusion rate was 6 % for laparoscopic prostatectomies and 12 % for open prostatectomies. A rectal tear had to be intraoperatively repaired in one laparoscopically operated patient. The postoperative use of analgetics was comparable in both groups. The median hospital stay was 12.4 days for the laparoscopic and 11.2 days for the open surgical group. For T2 tumors, positive specimen margins were found in 6 cases (17 %) of the laparoscopic and in 4 cases (12 %) of the open surgical group. As to the indicators of any systemic reaction, no significant difference could be found during the entire clinical course between both surgical methods. In comparison with patients who underwent conventional open prostatectomy, patients with laparoscopically radical prostatectomy had identical to slightly higher serum levels of the acute-phase parameters, as evidence of an equal or a discretely manifested systemic response to the surgical trauma. The so far assumed less invasiveness of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is not objectively supported by the data from this study. Thus, surgical trauma and its linked invasiveness must be considered equal for both methods, at least for the time being.
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PMID:[Minimal invasiveness of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: reality or dream?]. 1536 29

The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was evaluated in patients with benign (n=59) and malignant (n=86) prostate disease. The correlation coefficients for patients with benign prostatic disease and prostate cancer were rs=0.632, P<0.001 and rs=0.663, P<0.001, respectively. These results indicate that the relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein is similar in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease.
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PMID:The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease. 1550 24

The serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a sensitive indicator of iron-deficiency erythropoiesis that is not affected by inflammation. Concentrations of this molecule are inversely correlated with body-iron stores, and increased body-iron stores are associated with an increased risk of cancer of the liver and lungs. However, an association between iron status as assessed on the basis of sTfR and prostate cancer has not been previously investigated. We measured sTfR and serum ferritin by means of an enzyme immunoassay in 27 men with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer and in 72 controls. Our study population ranged in age from 38 to 78 years. The mean serum ferritin concentration in men with prostate cancer was 44.8% lower than that in men without this tumor ( P < .05). In contrast, the mean values of sTfR and sTfR/log serum ferritin were 32% and 60% higher, respectively, in men with prostate cancer than in those without this tumor ( P < .05). Differences between groups persisted after we took into account inflammation (alpha 1-acid glycoprotein > 1 g/L, C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L; P < .05). Among the entire study population and among men without inflammation, a higher percentage of subjects (29%-31%) than of controls (14%-22%) had sTfR values greater than 8 mg/L, suggestive of iron-deficiency erythropoiesis ( P < .05). The odds ratios for men with prostate cancer to have sTfR values of less than 2.9 mg/L (suggestive of increased body-iron stores) was 0, compared with 1.745 to 3.65 for the same men to have sTfR values greater than 8 mg/L. sTfR was negatively correlated with log ferritin ( r = -.422, P < .05) but did not correlate with tissue inflammation, tumor stage, or acute-phase proteins. It appears that prostate cancer is not associated with increased body-iron stores.
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PMID:Increased levels of serum transferrin receptor and serum transferrin receptor/log ferritin ratios in men with prostate cancer and the implications for body-iron stores. 1553 86

The relationship between lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation, disease stage and the systemic inflammatory response were examined in healthy subjects (n = 14), patients with benign prostate hyperplasia BPH (n = 20), localized (n = 40) and metastatic (n = 38) prostate cancer. Prostate cancer patients had higher concentrations of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) and lower circulating concentrations of lutein (p < 0.05), lycopene (p < 0.001) and beta-carotene (p < 0.05). Patients with metastatic prostate cancer, when compared with patients having localized disease, had a higher Gleason score (p < 0.01) and had more hormonal treatment, but lower concentrations of PSA (p < 0.05), alpha-tocopherol (p < or = 0.05), retinol (p < 0.01), lutein (p < 0.05) and lycopene (p < 0.01). In the prostate cancer patients, PSA was correlated with the concentrations of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (rs= 0.353, p = 0.002). C-reactive protein was not correlated with the vitamin antioxidants nor malondialdehyde. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between malondialdehyde concentrations and both lutein (rs= -0.263, p = 0.020) and lycopene (rs= -0.269, p = 0.017). These results indicate that lower concentrations of carotenoids, in particular, lycopene reflect disease progression rather than the systemic inflammatory response in patients with prostate cancer.
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PMID:Vitamin antioxidants, lipid peroxidation and the systemic inflammatory response in patients with prostate cancer. 1610 18

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is now used in earlier disease stages and as adjuvant treatment. Recognizing and reducing the toxicity of this therapy, including worsened lipid levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, has become an important clinical concern. Oral estrogen therapy induces hypogonadism and mitigates many side effects of ADT, but has a high thrombosis risk. Transdermal estrogen therapy (TDE) has a lower thrombosis risk than oral estrogen and may improve CVD risk compared with ADT. This prospective pilot study of 18 men with androgen-independent prostate cancer receiving ADT measured effects of TDE on lipid and inflammatory CVD risk factors before and after 8 weeks of TDE (estradiol 0.6 mg/day). During treatment, estradiol levels rose 17-fold; total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels decreased. HDL2 cholesterol increased, with no changes in triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol levels. Dense LDL cholesterol decreased and LDL buoyancy increased in association with a decrease in HL activity. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels and other inflammatory markers did not worsen. Compared with ADT, short-term TDE therapy of prostate cancer improves lipid levels without deterioration of CVD-associated inflammatory markers and may, on longer-term follow-up, improve CVD and mortality rates.
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PMID:Effects of transdermal estrogen on levels of lipids, lipase activity, and inflammatory markers in men with prostate cancer. 1629 98

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a time-honored blood test, which assesses the degree of erythrocyte aggregation by acute phase proteins such as fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. Various intrinsic factors may influence the ESR, among them polycytemia, microcytosis or fibrinogen consumption lead to a decreased ESR, while anemia, macrocytosis or hypoalbuminemia lead to an increased ESR. The ESR still is a very valid test for the diagnosis of certain chronic diseases (polymyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, septic arthritis and ostemyelitis) and the follow-up of certain chronic diseases (polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic lupus erythematodes, chronic infections, prostatic cancer, and Hodgkin's disease). In acute disease states and their monitoring C-reactive protein and eventually procalcitonin are the tests of choice. The ESR should not be used for screening and check-up examinations in asymptomatic patients.
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PMID:[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate--more than an old fashion?]. 1645 Jul 41

Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many common chronic diseases, including cancer. C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration is a non-specific serum marker of inflammation, and higher levels have been observed among individuals who go on to develop cardiovascular disease. Nested case-control studies were conducted within the CLUE II study, a community-based cohort, to examine the association between CRP concentrations and subsequent development of colorectal or prostate cancer. CRP concentrations were higher among individuals who went on to develop colon cancer, but not rectal or prostate cancer, compared with controls. The association between CRP concentrations and development of colon cancer is consistent with other evidence suggesting a role of inflammation and cancer. Preventive interventions that decrease systemic chronic inflammation have the potential to reduce certain types of cancer as well as cardiovascular disease. However, the potential benefits of anti-inflammatory chemopreventive agents must be weighed against their adverse effects before widespread use is recommended.
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PMID:C-reactive protein levels and subsequent cancer outcomes: results from a prospective cohort study. 1651 41

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is frequently used for prostate cancer (PCa) screening, but serum levels are also increased by prostate inflammation. Elevations in serum levels of alpha1-antitrypsin (ATT), a marker of inflammation, in cancer patients are well documented. However, an association between PSA and ATT has never been investigated. The authors, therefore, measured serum acute phase proteins (APPs) ATT, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, and alpha1-antichymotrypsin in 174 men without and 34 with newly diagnosed untreated PCa (38-80 years old). As expected, men with PCa had higher mean PSA levels than those without PCa (P < 0.00001). Men with PCa and those without PCa but with PSA >2 ng/mL (n = 68) had significantly higher ATT concentrations than those without these conditions (n = 106) (mean +/- SEM g/L): 1.94+/-0.083, 1.92+/-0.066, 1.25+/-0.043, respectively; p <0.005). Interestingly, African-American men without PCa (n=111) had higher ATT levels than Caucasian men (n=63) (1.565+/-0.045 g/l versus 1.395+/-0.056 g/l; p <0.005); and differences persisted in men with PSA >2 ng/ml (2.094+/-0.07 g/l versus 1.593 for all0.095 g/l; p<0.0002). There were no differences among groups in the levels of other APP. ATT showed the strongest correlation with PSA (r = 0.346 to 0.395; p <0.001) than any other APP (r < or =0.245). Our data suggest that men with PCa have higher ATT levels than those without PCa; and African-American men without PCa have higher ATT levels than Caucasian men. The possible implications of elevated ATT levels in African-American men on the risk of PCa are discussed.
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PMID:Correlation between serum prostate-specific antigen and alpha-1-antitrypsin in men without and with prostate cancer. 1658 45


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