Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A brief description of physicochemical properties of the androgen receptors in the various target tissues is given. It is suggested that androgen receptors in all organs and species are very similar if not identical. It is also suggested that apparent differences in steroid binding are not due to differences in steroid specificity of receptors, but rather due to organ specific differences in target tissue metabolism. A short discussion of our studies on androgen receptors in the prostate, epididymis and testis of human being is also included. The properties of these receptors are similar, if not identical to those described in rats, and we have not been able to demonstrate differences in androgen receptors of non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissue. From studies on testosterone metabolism it is demonstrated that human prostate is metabolizing testosterone to DHT much faster than the seminal vesicles. Furthermore, there is a drastic reduction in DHT formation in tissue from prostatic cancer compared to normal and hyperplastic prostatic tissue.
 ...
PMID:Androgen receptors in male sex tissues of rats and humans. 6 89

Between 250,000 and 300,000 US men undergo vasectomy each year. The Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception has performed almost 400,000 vasectomies worldwide since 1982. 2 hospital-based case control studies indicate a 1.7-5 fold increased risk of prostate cancer in vasectomized patients, but other studies do not find this association. Besides, there is no biologic basis for such an association. A theoretical relationship does exist between testicular cancer and vasectomy, however, since testicular biopsy studies reveal abnormalities, perhaps secondary to back pressure. No epidemiologic studies have yet found such a link, though. In China, some 8 million men have undergone the no-scalpel vasectomy developed in the 1970s. This technique has fewer complications than the traditional technique (e.g., a hematoma rate of only .08%). Indeed, hematomas are the most common complication. Other complications include epididymitis, congested epididymis, and sperm granuloma. The open-ended vasectomy (proximal testicular end of vas left open and closure of the distal end) reduces postoperative testicular and epididymal discomfort and increases the likelihood of vas reversal (1 surgeon reports a success rate of 100%). Regardless of the vasectomy technique, vas reanastomosis is more likely to be successful if performed within 5 years after the vasectomy (e.g., 1 study reported a pregnancy rate of 52% for reanastomosis within 5 years vs. 30% for 5 years; p .02). Physicians recommend a postvasectomy semen analysis after 20 ejaculations to determine if azoospermia has been achieved. If not, another analysis is needed after 10 more postvasectomy ejaculations. If motile sperm still exist, the vasectomy has failed. Yet, many men (36-45% in the US) do not return for analysis. Return visits are often difficult, impractical, and embarrassing for men, so physicians should suggest patients use condoms until after they have achieved a predetermined number of ejaculations to ensure protection against pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Male sterilization. 132 23

The epididymal penetration of roxithromycin was studied in order to evaluate the drug for use in the treatment of epididymo-orchitis. Seventeen patients hospitalized for surgery as part of treatment for prostatic adenoma or prostatic cancer were premedicated orally with roxithromycin 150 mg bd for three days followed by 150 mg pre-operatively (3 h before surgical incision). Roxithromycin concentrations in serum and epididymis were determined by microbiological assay. The mean epididymal concentrations were 6.48 +/- 4.88 and 5.98 +/- 3.92 mg/kg for left and right epididymis respectively and the corresponding mean tissue/serum ratios 0.88 +/- 0.57 and 0.84 +/- 0.53. The wide intersubject variation in the concentration of roxithromycin found in serum and tissue is commonly seen with other macrolide antibiotics. The concentrations observed in this study in serum and tissue were greater than the MIC90s for Chlamydia trachomatis (0.25 to 1 mg/L), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (0.5 mg/L).
 ...
PMID:Disposition of roxithromycin in the epididymis after repeated oral administration. 139 28

The histological features in 17 patients (3 males and 14 females) with bancroftian lymphangitis, apparently not associated with lymphadenitis, are described. Degenerative alteration in the worms and a severe inflammatory process were observed in the great majority of the cases. The patterns of tissue reaction varied, including exudative, infiltrative and granulomatous lesions. Eosinophils were present, usually in great numbers. Thirteen out of 14 female subjects showed involvement of the breast lymphatics, and in two of these cases microfilariae were found in addition to adult worms. The breast parenchyma was in general spared. In men, lymphatics of the epididymis were affected; in one case, the patient was submitted for surgical castration for prostatic cancer and intact filarial worms without tissue reaction were incidentally detected in peritesticular lymphatics.
 ...
PMID:Bancroftian lymphangitis in northeastern Brazil: a histopathological study of 17 cases. 156 Apr 78

We performed basic and clinical studies on the effects of a new oral quinolone derivative, levofloxacin (LVFX, Code No. DR 3355) which is an optical l-isomer of ofloxacin, in acute epididymitis. LVFX was administered in a dose of 200 mg to prostatic cancer patients 2 hours before operation. The mean concentration of LVFX in the tissues of testis and epididymis were 4.73 micrograms/g and 313-3.6 micrograms/g, respectively. Tissue/Serum ratios were 1.63 and 1.16-1.32, respectively. LVFX was administered in a dose of 100 mg three times daily for 13 days to healthy male volunteers. Semen and blood samples were taken 2 hrs after 7th and last day of administration. The concentration of LVFX in semen were 1.19 micrograms/ml (7th day) and 1.32 micrograms/ml (13th day). Semen/serum ratios were 1.12 and 1.26, respectively. No affection of LVFX on the sperm was observed. Antimicrobial activity of LVFX to C. trachomatis showed good MICs of 0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml. LVFX was administered in a dose of 100 mg two or three times daily for 14 days to 23 patients with acute epididymitis. The overall efficacy rate based on a criteria for acute epididymitis showed 100% (excellent: 16, good: 4, 20/20). A better efficacy rate was obtained on the 14th day than 7th day. No subjective or objective adverse reactions were observed.
 ...
PMID:[Acute nongonococcal epididymitis--pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of levofloxacin]. 160 77

Clinical usefulness of the alpha 1-blocker and beta-stimulant combined therapy for idiopathic male infertility has already been reported by Yamamoto et al. But the same trial followed by us revealed only a slight effectiveness and substantial adverse effects due to beta-stimulation. The mechanism of the alpha 1-blocker and beta-stimulant combined therapy is not yet established. In order to investigate its mechanism, fundamental study of alpha 1-receptor assay in the specimens of testis and various parts of male accessory sex organs obtained at the time of operation was done in this study. In addition the usefulness of alpha 1-blocker therapy for idiopathic male infertility was also examined clinically. The tissues used in this study were obtained from patients with prostatic cancer (23 cases), benign prostatic hyperplasia (24 cases), bladder cancer (6 cases), chronic epididymitis (3 cases), azoospermia due to disorders of vas deferens (5 cases) and a vasectomized man. Tritium labeled bunazosin was used as the ligand. The crude membrane fraction was extracted from the sample, with or without phentolamine incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C. Maximal binding sites (Bmax) and the dissociation constant (Kd) were obtained by Scatchard plot analysis. Twenty-two infertile men were treated by oral administration of alpha 1-blocker (bunazosin, 3 mg/day) for 24 weeks. The results were as follows: 1) Bmax in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens and prostate, expressed as fmol, per mg. protein, was 2.27 +/- 1.74, 16.62 +/- 6.19, 29.44 +/- 17.81, 27.77 +/- 12.0, respectively (mean +/- S.D.). 2) Bmax in the rete testis was relatively high among various parts of the testis and seminiferous tubules. 3) Overall effective rates of sperm density and the sperm motility were noted in 36% at 12 weeks and 60% at 24 weeks after the therapy. 4) There was no clinical effect in patients with azoospermia and a slight effectiveness in patients with elevated plasma gonadotropin levels. 5) Adverse effect was reduced to 9.1%. These results suggest that the alpha 1-blocker therapy for idiopathic male infertility is clinically useful and that the mechanism of the therapy is through the action on male accessory sex organs behind the testis.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on alpha 1-blocker therapy for idiopathic male infertility]. 168 30

Autoregulation of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was investigated using Northern blot analysis with AR cDNA fragments as probes. The amount of AR mRNA increased 2- to 10-fold with androgen withdrawal and decreased below control levels after androgen stimulation in rat ventral prostate, coagulating gland, epididymis, seminal vesicle, kidney, and brain, and in a human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. In rat ventral prostate, AR mRNA increased 2- to 3-fold within 24 h after castration and remained elevated for 4 days. Treatment with testosterone propionate beginning 24 h after castration reduced ventral prostate AR mRNA 4-fold within 8 h of androgen replacement. Administration of estradiol 24 h after castration had no significant effect on prostatic AR mRNA. Androgens, including testosterone and the synthetic androgen methyltrienolone (R1881), or the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate down-regulated AR mRNA in vitro in LNCaP cells, whereas estradiol was without effect. Administration of testosterone propionate to rats with androgen insensitivity did not decrease AR mRNA. Down-regulation of AR mRNA by androgen is therefore a receptor-mediated process which occurs in vivo in rat tissues that differ in androgen responsiveness and in cultured human prostate cells.
 ...
PMID:Autologous down-regulation of androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. 232 67

The concentrations of testosterone and its tissular metabolites were determined in testicular and epididymal tissue obtained from eleven male subjects (aged 65-85 years) after orchiectomy for prostatic cancer. The steroids were measured in different tissular compartments, i.e. testis, caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. The values (mean +/- SD; ng/g wet weight) were: Testosterone 724.0 +/- 286.0, 32.08 +/- 2.56, 41.45 +/- 1.77 and 32.24 +/- 2.14; 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone 6.95 +/- 1.99, 9.76 +/- 2.33, 16.87 +/- 0.21 and 15.79 +/- 2.67; 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol 6.07 +/- 2.33, 2.17 +/- 0.24, 1.93 +/- 0.02 and 1.17 +/- 0.20; 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol 56.66 +/- 20.97, 3.55 +/- 0.19, 2.21 +/- 0.27 and 3.34 +/- 0.32; estradiol-17 beta 5.36 +/- 3.0, 1.08 +/- 0.014, 1.44 +/- 0.038 and 1.47 +/- 0.03, respectively. Incubation of human testicular tissue with [3H]androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol or [3H]dihydrotestosterone showed that both androstane-diols were exclusively formed from dihydrotestosterone. Since high concentrations of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol are found in testicular tissue it is suggested that this steroid may be an index of seminiferous tubular function.
 ...
PMID:Concentrations of unconjugated 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and their precursor in human testicular tissue. Comparison with testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and with steroid concentrations in human epididymis. 358 50

In addition to other known markers of the human prostate, it was shown that the prostatic fraction of the split ejaculate was rich in a 16-kDa protein with properties not described previously. This protein was purified from human seminal plasma using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified protein showed a single prominent spot on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The sequence of the first 40 amino acids that could be positively identified was identical to that of a prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) previously designated as beta-inhibin. Antibodies produced in rabbits against the purified protein were used to develop a radioimmunoassay. These antibodies appeared to recognize only the NH2-terminal portion of the native molecule since they did not react with a synthetic peptide composed of the 28 C-terminal residues. The radioimmunoassay showed that the concentration of the protein was 1320 +/- 183 micrograms/ml in the seminal plasma of adult fertile men and 1134 +/- 136 micrograms/ml in vasectomized patients. In hypertrophic and adenocarcinomatous prostates, the concentrations were 326 +/- 156 and 104 +/- 23 micrograms/ml, respectively, while values were lower than 0.060 micrograms/ml in the testis, epididymis, vas deferens and liver. The blood plasma concentration was 0.019 +/- microgram/ml in 23 asymptomatic men 45 to 65 years old and 0.115 +/- 0.036 microgram/ml in eight patients with prostate cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Isolation from human seminal plasma of an abundant 16-kDa protein originating from the prostate, its identification with a 94-residue peptide originally described as beta-inhibin. 361 Aug 13

Transitions from the rete testis into the ductuli efferentes and from the ductuli efferentes into the ductus epididymidis were examined in the epididymes of 4 patients with prostatic cancer aged 65, 72, 77 and 78 years, in the epididymis of a 19 year-old accident victim and in the epididymis of an embryo of the 12th week. Concerning the former area, the results published up to now were confirmed. But according to our examinations, the transition from the ductuli efferentes into the ductus epididymidis is different from what has been described in the literature so far. In the adult human, the ductuli efferentes do not show end-to-side connections with the ductus epididymidis, but end-to-end junctions with "extensions" of the ductus epididymidis which finally join the ductus epididymidis end-to-side. However, in the epididymis of the embryo, one still finds end-to-side connections of ductuli efferentes and the ductus epididymidis. It was concluded that the extensions of the ductus epididymidis are formed during the development of the system of canaliculi in the epididymis from the embryonal stage to adult age.
 ...
PMID:On the morphology of the transitional zones from the rete testis into the ductuli efferentes and from the ductuli efferentes into the ductus epididymidis. Investigations on the human testis and epididymis. 363 51


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>