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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three variants of gamma-beam therapy of prostatic cancer were worked out on the basis of a thorough topometric preparation, an analysis of dose distributions using computer, and taking account of tumor dissemination. It has been shown that moving one- or two-field gamma-beam therapy is indicated in cases when tumor lies within the limits of the prostate only. When it affects regional lymph nodes the combination of moving gamma-beam therapy with static 4-field cross irradiation with the ratio of doses from the front and back fields 2:1 is recommended. When tumor involves the nearest lymphatic collectors gamma-beam therapy is supplemented by estrogens with stage-by-stage irradiation of primary tumor, regional lymph nodes (by the above schemes) and the paraaortal group of lymph nodes from 2 opposite shaped fields, a focal dose to these nodes being 30-40 Gy only. The summary focal dose to the regional lymph nodes is 45-50 Gy, to primary tumor 65-70 Gy. The above variants of gamma-beam therapy were used for the treatment of 69 patients with prostatic cancer, Stages II-IV. Not a single patient developed marked reactions and late complications 6-36 mos. after therapy, 61% of the patients lived over 3 yrs.
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PMID:[Method of gamma teletherapy in prostatic cancer]. 686 82

Percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided aspiration biopsy of the pelvic nodes was performed for staging in 136 nodal chains of 26 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate and in 14 patients with bladder cancer. The fine-needle aspiration biopsy had an overall accuracy of 97.5%, sensitivity of 94.11% and specificity of 100%. In the management of prostatic cancer, the positive aspiration biopsy may be considered a definitive diagnostic means for determining tumor stage. The negative aspirations may be accepted as definitive diagnostic staging procedure too, since the sensitivity of the method is of 93.3% in patients with prostatic carcinoma. As the presence or absence of nodal metastasis cannot be predicted accurately on the basis of the T or P category of the primary tumor in patients with bladder carcinoma, the fine-needle aspiration biopsy may have a prominent role in accurate clinical stage determination, for a rational application of the treatment.
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PMID:The value and role of percutaneous pelvic lymph node aspiration biopsy in definitive staging of prostatic and bladder carcinoma. 687 24

The assessment of prostatic carcinoma management results requires a complex approach. It is necessary to consider the objective criteria of tumor regression in the primary tumor and metastases to soft tissue, bone as well as indirect signs of tumor process (levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases). Subjective response cannot be assessed accurately. Reliable criteria in prostatic cancer management are: (1) objective regression by 50% or more decrease in all measurable lesions and unequivocal improvement in evaluable but non-measurable lesions with no new lesions developing; (2) Ultrasonotomography is a fine method of objective response assessment in the primary tumor and metastases; (3) Duration of response is the important criteria of tumor regression in conservative management of prostatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Topometric, roentgenologic, laboratory and clinical criteria of tumor regression in conservative management of prostatic carcinoma. 693 40

We have used an immunoaffinity system whereby immunoglobulin from patients with prostatic carcinoma was coupled to solid phase protein A; the immobilized IgG was subsequently exposed to radiolabeled antigen from autochthonous or allogeneic primary tumor extracts or to radiolabeled antigen from a nude mouse-supported prostatic carcinoma cell line. Material specifically bound by prostatic carcinoma patient immune IgG was quantitatively eluted from the immunoadsorbent and characterized with regard to molecular weight. Sequential adsorption analyses of patient sera with normal human tissue pools, normal prostatic tissue, prostatic carcinoma tissue, and tissue from other urogenital malignancies has allowed a definition of those antigenic specificities relevant in the immunobiology of prostatic carcinoma. The patient humoral response was observed to be directed primarily toward a complex array of antigens representing normal human tissue components; serorecognition of prostate tumor associated antigens was discernible from that of common tissue antigens only after rigorous adsorption analyses. Preliminary results indicate that the prostatic cancer patient humoral antibody response may be directed toward either altered histocompatibility complex antigens or toward antigens physically associated with histocompatibility complex antigens.
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PMID:A serologic approach to the definition of human prostatic carcinoma antigens. 694 41

Categories of objective response to chemotherapy for 460 advanced relapsing prostate cancer patients evaluated in the initial first four randomized clinical trials of the National Prostatic Cancer Project were compared by survival and other patient and disease characteristics. The response criteria for stable were shown to delineate patients with markedly improved survival and other disease conditions relative to those designated as progression. Survival was similar for stable and partial regression patients despite more frequent reduction of primary tumor and subjective improvement in performance status, pain, and body weight in the partial regression patients. Consequently, we feel that in these studies the stable category is valid and useful for determining efficacy of treatment in patients with advancing prostate cancer.
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PMID:The importance of the stable category for chemotherapy treated patients with advanced and relapsing prostate cancer. 700 80

The necessary application of a differentiated therapy for prostatic cancer requires the involvement of the N-category for determining the therapy. Hitherto existing statements on the lymphogenic metastases of this tumor have been made by means of method whose statements have been limited by the non-presentability of the pelvic lymph nodes, inflammatory-degeneratively changed lymph nodes, and micrometastases. The pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy has been performed and the lymph nodes prepared in successive cuts in the light of a functional patient series of 93 prostatic cancer patients. The standardized procedure allowed statements on the distribution of the pelvic lymph nodes and the corresponding metastases, the size of the metastases and their histologic structure. In prostatic cancer is a high percentage of micrometastases. Lymphogenic metastases can already be detected in low tumor categories, on the other hand metastases are not obligatory in advanced tumors. There is no correlation between the histologic degrees of differentiation of the primary tumor and the lymphogenic metastases. Compared with the metastasis histology the primary tumor histology reveals a distinct morphologic change. According to present investigations, the lymphogenic metastases occur prior to the bone metastases. Since pelvic lymphogenic metastases cannot be covered exactly by means of the conventional methods as well as the metastases cannot be estimated in the single case, there is the necessity for making the pelvic en-bloc-lymphadenectomy before performing a localized tumor treatment such as prostatic vesiculectomy or tele cobalt therapy.
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PMID:[Lymphogenic metastases in prostatic cancer--operative and histopathologic investigations ]. 712 58

Prostatic volume was determined by transrectal ultrasonography before and after castration in 13 patients, and after radiotherapy in 24. Measurements were done after 1, 2 and 3 months, and subsequently at 3-month intervals. Significant volume reductions occurred in the castration and radiation groups within 3 months. The decrease in prostatic volume was significantly more pronounced in the castration group during the entire study (p less than or equal to 0.01). Patients with enlargement of the prostate predominantly owing to benign prostatic hypertrophy also had a decrease in volume. No increase in prostatic volume after initial reduction was encountered for up to 9 months. In several cases progression of metastases occurred with no increase in the volume of the primary tumor. Followup may be too short to encounter local recurrence after radiotherapy or hormone-independent growth after castration. Proctitis after radiotherapy created artifacts that probably led to inaccurate measurements with ultrasonography. The technique provides a new, accurate parameter for followup of conservatively treated prostatic cancer patients. The clinical importance of the technique still remains to be determined.
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PMID:Transrectal ultrasonography in the followup of prostatic carcinoma patients. 714 95

Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 300 patients with apparently localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Pelvic lymph node metastases were identified in 119 patients (40%) and in 35 of these cases (29%) the metastases involved a solitary lymph node. The incidences of metastases for clinical stage B1, B2 and C tumors were 7, 43, and 60%, respectively. The extent of the metastases in terms of the number and distribution of the involved nodes correlated directly with the clinical stage of the primary tumor. The incidences of metastases associated with well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated tumors were 27, 45, and 70%, respectively. The degree of tumor differentiation, however, had no apparent impact on the incidence of metastases among patients with clinical stage B1 and C neoplasms. Since tumor stage, tumor grade, and pelvic lymph node metastases have each been demonstrated to be of prognostic significance in prostatic cancer, the status of the pelvic lymph nodes should not be considered an isolated prognostic parameter in patients with otherwise localized prostatic cancer.
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PMID:The incidence and extent of pelvic lymph node metastases in apparently localized prostatic cancer. 726 Aug 81

Three hundred and fifty-two patients have been examined by per-rectal ultrasound and histological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in 242 cases. Per-rectal ultrasound compared favourably with digital palpation both as a method of diagnosing prostatic cancer and also as a method of staging a primary tumour. Confirmation of the accuracy of this technique as a method of staging was gained by a study involving the use of cadaver material. Repeat examinations on patients with prostatic carcinoma have shown that per-rectal ultrasound is an ideal method for monitoring response of the primary tumor to treatment.
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PMID:A comparison between digital examination and per-rectal ultrasound in the evaluation of the prostate. 731 52

The results of systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy in 25 cases of early stage prostatic cancer treated by radiotherapy are presented. The relationship between the frequency of the metastatic lymph nodes and the staging and grading of the primary tumor is stressed; the prognostic interest of lymphadenectomy is underlined. From a therapeutic point of view, local radium therapy is associated with external cobalt therapy allowing the administration of 7,000--8,000 rad without severe complication. The results are satisfactory after a 36-month follow-up.
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PMID:The significance of lymphadenectomy in prostatic cancer. Early stage therapy. 739 98


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