Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urological tumors were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by using Southern blot hybridization. In 20 male patients with condyloma acuminatum, HPV type 6 was found at 85% (17/20), HPV type 11 at 95% (19/20), HPV type 16 at 5% (1/20) and HPV type 18 at 0% (0/20). In 2 female patients with condyloma acuminatum, HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 were found at 100% (2/2), 100% (2/2), 50% (1/2) and 0% (0/2), respectively. All 6 of the patients who were positive for HPV type 6, were also positive for HPV type 11. Two patients were positive for HPV types 6, 11 and 16, the last of which was frequently found in penile cancer and uterine cervical cancer. In 6 patients with penile cancer, two patients were positive for HPV type 16 and negative for HPV types 6, 11 and 18. The remaining 4 patients were negative for all these HPV types. One patient who was positive for HPV type 16 had penile cancer after three previous episodes of penile condyloma acuminatum. From this information, a malignant change in the condyloma acuminatum was assumed to indicate the possible association of HPV type 16 with the process of malignant degeneration. HPV types, 6, 11, 16 and 18 were not detected in a female patient with vulvar cancer. Although HPV was thought to participate in the development of urological tumors except for external genital tumors, all patients examined, consisting of 2 with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 5 with prostatic cancer and 24 with bladder cancer, were negative for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Eight patients with bladder cancer were negative for HPV type 33.
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PMID:[Studies of human papillomavirus (HPV) in urological tumors]. 196 28

A review of the clinical applications of sentinel lymph node (sN) biopsy has been performed with the aim of defining the rationale, the methods of detection, the accuracy, and the current indications to sN biopsy in different solid neoplasms. In melanoma patients, sN biopsy represents a standard procedure for staging purpose, although its therapeutic value is still under examination. The sN is an accurate method for the pathologic staging of the axilla in patients with early stage breast cancer, and it can be useful for the selection of patients with axillary metastasis who should undergo standard axillary dissection. In gynecologic malignancies, appreciable results are available in patients with vulvar and cervical cancer only. Patients with squamous cell vulvar cancer may benefit by sN biopsy because a complete bilateral inguino-femoral lymph-node dissection may be avoided whenever the sN is free of metastasis. As regards to cervical cancer, further studies are required with the combined technique (blue dye injection and gamma-probe guided surgery), which seems more promising, before abandoning pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with histologically-negative sN. The experience in urologic cancer deals mainly with penile and prostate cancer; the modern procedures for the dynamic detection of sN are going to clarify its role in the surgical management of penile cancer; as regards to prostate cancer, very preliminary results suggest that the sN biopsy may enhance the pathologic staging of this neoplasm compared to modified pelvic lymphadenectomy, due to the individual variability of the lymphatic drainage of this cancer. In patients with clinically node-negative squamous head and neck cancer, the reliability of sN-guided neck lymph node dissection seems promising. The sN biopsy is also technically feasible in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; however, the future role of this procedure in the clinical decision-making of these patients remains to be defined due to the questionable biological meaning of nodal metastases. Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer should be investigated by means of radiotracers injected at the time of thoracotomy or under CT-scan guidance in order to achieve a satisfactory identification rate (over 80%); the focused histopathologic staging of the sN improves current pathologic staging by conventional bi-valve assessment of all the lymph nodes of the surgical specimen; moreover, the prognostic role of isolated N2 metastasis can be better elucidated. In patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, the intraoperative lymphatic mapping with sN biopsy have suggested that the lymphatic drainage of the gastrointestinal tract is much more complicated than other sites, skip metastasis being rather frequent. In patients with gastric cancer, current data show that it can be detected by means of peritumoral injection of indocyanine green; the detection of tumor positive lymph nodes beyond the perigastric area could select patients amenable to D2 lymphadenectomy. As regards to colorectal cancer patients, the focused analysis of the sN may reveal disease that might otherwise go undetected by conventional surgical and pathological methods, and those patients which are upstaged can benefit by adjuvant chemotherapy. Finally, in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma, notwithstanding the limited experiences with sN biopsy, sN histology seems to predict regional lymph node status and may aid in selecting which patients are amenable to therapeutic lymph node dissection.
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PMID:Clinical applications of sentinel lymph-node biopsy for the staging and treatment of solid neoplasms. 1616 21

Beside the classical applications of sentinel lymph node mapping, some new procedures are emerging and showing feasibility and clinical utility. In this chapter, we will report on sentinel lymph node mapping in 1) malignancies of the female reproductive system (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, vulvar cancer and ovarian cancer); 2) malignancies of the male reproductive system (prostate cancer, penile cancer and testicular cancer); 3) malignancies in kidney and bladder. This paper presents the uncommon applications of sentinel lymph node mapping in urogenital neoplasms.
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PMID:Uncommon applications of sentinel lymph node mapping: urogenital cancers. 2483 91

The incidence and pattern of secondary neoplasms in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-containing regimens is not well described. We compared 160 patients with APL treated with ATRA plus idarubicin (n = 54) or ATRA plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) (n = 106) for the incidence of secondary cancers per unit time of follow-up. Median follow-up times for the two cohorts were 136 and 29 months, respectively. Nine patients developed secondary cancers in the chemotherapy group. These included two breast cancers, three myelodysplastic syndromes/acute myeloid leukemia, one vulvar cancer, one prostate cancer, one colon cancer and one soft tissue sarcoma. A melanoma and one pancreatic cancer developed in the ATO group. We conclude that treatment of patients with APL using the non-chemotherapy regimen of ATRA plus ATO is not associated with a higher incidence of secondary cancers (p = 0.29) adjusted for unit time of exposure.
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PMID:Incidence of secondary neoplasms in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid plus chemotherapy or with all-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide. 2512 50