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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Copenhagen rats were inoculated with monodispersed R3327-MatLyLu prostate tumor cells via the tail vein under concomitant temporal occlusion of the inferior vena cava to develop an animal model for skeletal metastasis of prostate cancer. This procedure reproducibly resulted in metastatic tumor growth in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. Microscopically, tumor growth became visible in the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae within 4 days after inoculation. Clinical signs of nerve function disablement (hind leg paresis and paralysis) followed within 14 days of such a procedure. Cell culture technique confirmed the presence of a viable, proliferating tumor cell population within the spinal canal of the fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae. Histologically, a clear response of osteoclastic and concomitant osteoblastic activities was observed in the lumbar spinal column. In the serum, a transient phase of hypercalcemia could be demonstrated. The development of skeletal metastases in these animals was not reflected by significant alteration in serum levels of acid phosphatase, prostatic-specific antigen, or osteocalcin. These observations support the concept of the vertebral venous plexus being involved in the dissemination of prostate tumor cells. The surgical procedures described permit experimental investigations of bone metastasis of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostatic tumor (R3327) skeletal metastasis. 237 Nov 74

Transplantable prostate adenocarcinoma were treated with polyamine biosynthetic inhibitors. alpha-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and by s-methylglyoxal-bisguanylhydrazone (MGBG), an inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. The therapeutic regimen of 0.8-1.11 g/kg DFMO reduced the tumor growth by 40% whilst the combination with 10.5 mg/kg MGBG completely destroyed the prostate adenocarcinomas in the tumor-bearing animals. The polyamine content of spermidine and spermine in the cancerous tissues is significantly lower whereas the putrescine levels remain unchanged. The MGBG therapy distinctly stimulates the activity of ornithine decarboxylase and increases the putrescine concentration up to toxic levels. The application of alpha-DFMO prevented the toxic accumulation of putrescine and allowed higher doses of MGBG. Clinical trials with polyamine antimetabolites appeared useful due to pathological polyamine excretion of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The therapy with 0.2-0.3 g/kg DFMO in patients with hormone-resistent prostate cancer and metastasis displayed a moderate anti-tumor activity following 2 months additional treatment. High levels of side effects, however, were registered and were similar to those of other cytotoxic compounds. A combined therapy with DFMO/MGBG in a patient with metastatic anaplastic prostate cancer did not improve the survival rate but showed regressive effects of the histological pattern.
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PMID:[Therapy with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis in refractory prostatic carcinoma. An experimental and clinical study]. 241 11

Prostate cancer: Considering the stagnation in chemotherapy of prostate cancer in recent years, the following experiments were carried out to determine their clinical value. Surgical specimens from 6 patients, 2 permanent cell lines (EB 33 and PC 93) originated from human prostate cancer and a tumor line serially transplanted in nude mice (PC-NCC) were subjected to chemosensitivity tests such as human tumor cloning assay (HTCA) and/or in vivo tumor growth curve experiments using nude mice. The possible chemosensitive drugs screened by using surgical specimens and PC-NCC tumor were cisplatinum (CDDP), bleomycin (BLM), 5-FU, vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (ADM) and methotrexate (MTX). Most of these drugs were also judged as "effective" by HTCA using a permanent cell line. The minimal discrepancy among them may lead to the conclusion that an in vitro assay using a cell line can substitute for the assay using surgical specimens which can not be obtained frequently. Partly based on the data obtained a chemotherapy regimen, VPM-CisCF, consisting of VCR, peplomycin, MTX, CDDP, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and 5-FU, was designed. The effectiveness of this regimen was demonstrated experimentally. Testis cancer: Two different lines of experiments were performed. A human testicular cancer serially transplanted in nude mice was repeatedly exposed to CDDP in vivo to obtain hyposensitivity to this drug. The synergistic effect of CDDP and VP-16 was demonstrated in the tumor thus obtained. One of its mechanisms has been suggested by partial accumulation of cancer cells in the G1-S and G2-M phase in which CDDP exerts its potential effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate and testis: experimental study in vivo and in vitro]. 246 65

Chemotherapy for prostatic carcinoma is usually reserved for those patients who have failed conventional therapy. These patients generally are in poor health and tolerate chemotherapy poorly. If doses of conventional agents could be decreased without altering cytotoxic activity, then conventional chemotherapy could become an attractive treatment modality. Dimethylsulfoxide and difluoromethylornithine have been shown to induce differentiation in some tumor systems. Growth alteration effects of these two agents were investigated individually and in association with conventional chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in an experimental prostatic cancer model. Copenhagen rats had subcutaneous tumors induced by injections of cells cultured in vitro from a subline of the Dunning rat prostatic tumor, MAT LyLu. Treatment with chemotherapeutic agents individually and associated with differentiation agents was initiated when tumors were palpable. Tumor growth rates and rat body weights were monitored in all groups. The differentiation agents used singly were not able to retard significantly tumor growth rates. In higher doses, each conventional agent used singly significantly retarded tumor growth. Used in combination, the differentiation agents induced cytodestructive properties of lower doses of conventional agents, but some combinations also increased host toxicity. These data suggest that differentiation agents may provide additional antineoplastic benefits when administered in combination with selected chemotherapeutic agents in the management of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Conventional chemotherapeutic agents combined with DMSO or DFMO in treatment of rat prostate carcinoma. 251 62

Cells from the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line were evaluated in athymic nude mice in order to determine the influence of size of the primary tumor and site inoculation on the incidence and pattern of metastasis. At autopsy, all organs, including the skeleton, were evaluated for metastasis. Subcutaneous injections resulted in metastases to the draining axillary lymph node and lungs (56% and 13%, respectively), and were correlated with size of the primary tumor. Tail vein injection resulted in a high incidence of lung metastasis, while injection into the peritoneal space, spleen, and seminal vesicles resulted in intraabdominal tumor growth, liver metastasis, and large tumors within the seminal vesicles, respectively. Skeletal metastases were not observed in any of the animals studied. We conclude that injection of PC-3 cells into various sites results in different patterns of metastasis, but may not constitute an entirely suitable animal model of human prostate cancer due to the lack of metastasis to the skeleton.
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PMID:Patterns of metastasis by the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in athymic nude mice. 252 82

To evaluate the prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PA) for detection of tumor growth after definitive therapy, 602 sera from 70 patients with stages B2 to D1 prostate cancer (26 of whom recurred) were analyzed in a blind study. Using Cox's proportional-hazards model, a highly significant association was found between serially measured PA and disease-free survival time (p = 0.0002). A positive predictive value of 100% was found for some markedly elevated PA levels and confirmed recurrence of disease. In fact, this study suggested that once a PA level of 88 ng/ml was reached, there was an average time of less than 2 months before a recurrence was clinically confirmed. Tumor growth in patients who recurred was indicated by a PA elevation before recurrence in 92% (24 of 26) as opposed to 20% (9 of 44) in disease-free patients. Additionally, in these 24 of 26 patients, levels of PA were elevated 12 months (mean lead time) before a confirmed disease recurrence. In patients who were still disease free, serial PA appeared to increase concurrently with putative tumor growth as shown by the initial surgical stage. Generally, the greater the PA level the more advanced was the stage of disease (B2 to D1). These data suggest that PA may be a useful adjuvant marker for monitoring tumor growth in patients with regionally confined prostate cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic importance of prostate-specific antigen for monitoring patients with stages B2 to D1 prostate cancer. 257 13

The prognosis of prostate cancer depends largely on the degree of differentiation. Therefore the pathologist plays an important part in diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. There are three different growth patterns: glandular, cribriform, and solid-undifferentiated. In the glandular pattern, well and poorly differentiated forms are to be distinguished. Well differentiated adenocarcinomas are observed predominantly in benign nodular hyperplasia as incidental carcinomas. In case of differentiation from benign proliferations, the behaviour of the cellular nucleus--size, form, and characteristics of nucleolus--is decisive. Inflammatory stromal reaction is always absent. The growth pattern and degree of nuclear atypia determine the degree of malignancy to be demonstrated in a score. In clinically manifest carcinomas, pluriform patterns are prevailing. The lowest degree of differentiation of each case counts for the grading. In incidental carcinomas, the extension of the carcinoma has to be determined by the resection material. Here the nodular carcinoma represents a special form primarily located in the centre and obviously developing from a nodular hyperplasia. The differential diagnosis of prostatic cancer may cause great problems. Primary and secondary--postatrophic--hyperplasias may be similar to a glandular and cribriform carcinoma. Atypical hyperplasias of irregular nuclear pattern are present. Carcinoma in situ is not the proper term for such proliferations. Concerning rare types of prostate carcinomas, the urothelial carcinoma, the carcinoma with argentaffine cells, so-called endometrioid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas are of importance. Following conservative, antiandrogen and radio-therapy characteristic regressive alterations can be observed in the prostate carcinoma. Response and resistance to therapy of the local tumor growth may be assessed during follow-up. A grading system is proposed for this purpose. Among all markers immunohistochemically demonstrable, only the presence of acid prostate phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen is of practical diagnostic importance in prostate cancer up to now.
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PMID:Histopathology of prostate carcinoma. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. 258 Feb 93

Growth alteration effects of an immunomodulator, PSK, were investigated individually and in association with conventional chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and fluorouracil in an experimental prostatic cancer model. Copenhagen rats had subcutaneous tumors induced by injections of cells cultured in vitro from a highly metastatic hormonally unresponsive subline of the Dunning rat prostatic tumor, MAT-LyLu. Treatment with conventional agents and the immunomodulator agent individually and in combination began three days after tumor cell inoculation. PSK used alone was not able to significantly influence tumor growth. In appropriate doses, each conventional agent significantly retarded tumor growth. Used in combination, PSK and conventional agents retarded tumor growth locally and decreased metastatic spread of the tumor. Animals receiving combination therapy had increased life spans over those animals receiving single standard chemotherapeutic agents. Immunomodulation with PSK may enhance the antineoplastic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and offer a treatment option for hormone resistant prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Combined therapeutic effects of conventional agents and an immunomodulator, PSK, on rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. 258 43

The interrelationship among localization of tumor, local extension, lymph node metastasis and various histological grades was investigated in 31 consecutive series of prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Surgical specimens were examined by step sections cut perpendicular to the urethra. Each tumor was graded histologically in accordance with WHO-Mostofi grading (evaluated by nuclear anaplasia and structural differentiation), Gleason's and M.D. Anderson's grading systems. The areas of the prostate was divided into 4 quadrants delimited vertically along the urethral axis and transversely at the level of utricle, i.e. anterior/superior, anterior/inferior, posterior/superior and posterior/inferior quadrants. Topographical localization and extension of each tumor was examined in accordance with the above area subdivision. Every tumor was growing at least in the posterior/inferior area. All cases with tumor progression to the anterior/superior area also revealed extensive tumor growth in the other two or three quadrants. Therefore, prostate cancer appears to be originated from the posterior/inferior area of the prostate and terminated in the anterior/superior area as local extension. In 31 cases examined, capsular invasion was noted in 22, seminal vesicle invasion in 16, and lymph node metastasis in 12 cases. All cases with seminal vesicle invasion also showed capsular invasion. None of the cases without capsular and/or seminal vesicle invasion had lymph node metastasis. Thus, it is inferred that prostate cancer is initially growing locally, extending to the capsule and seminal vesicle and then metastasizes to the pelvic lymph nodes. As for the histological grading, higher grade tumors tended to show higher incidence of capsular and seminal vesicle invasion and lymph node metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pathomorphological study of local extension and progression of prostate cancer]. 260 Dec 22

This is a case report of a man with prostate cancer diagnosed 10 years ago by digital rectal examination and prostatic biopsy. He was followed with serial transrectal ultrasound examinations for the last 22 months. Transrectal ultrasound enabled us to observe the natural history of his cancer. Because of accelerated tumor growth, a radical prostatectomy was performed. The tumor was confined within the prostate capsule and thus considered a "cure." Transrectal ultrasound is an invaluable tool for continuous monitoring of patients with prostate cancer.
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PMID:Transrectal ultrasound. A case report related to the natural history of prostate cancer. 264 75


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