Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regarding 249 bronchial asthma patients having been admitted to our division for the recent 9 years, clinical manifestations of 8 bronchial asthma with primary lung cancer (group A; squamous cell carcinoma--5 cases, adenocarcinoma--2 cases, small cell carcinoma--1 case; 3.2% of 249 cases) and 8 asthma patients with extrathoracic malignancy (group B; gastric cancer--3 cases, malignant lymphoma--2 cases, bladder cancer--1 case, laryngeal cancer--1 case, prostatic cancer--1 case) were investigated. In group A, the mean of asthmatic history was 19 years and all cases were associated with respiratory tract infections. Three of 8 patients, were mild type and other 5 were moderate type. In group B, the mean of asthmatic history was 20 years and all cases were involved with respiratory tract infections. Five of 8 patients were mild type and other 3 were moderate type. The mean smoking (Brinkmann) index (1194) in group A was significantly higher than that (166) in 241 asthmatic patients without lung cancer or that (169) in group B. The median survival duration (more than 26 months) of group A patients was significantly lower than that (more than 77 months) of group B. These results suggested that, in many bronchial asthma patients accompanied by primary lung cancer who have adult-typed infectious asthmatic history, smoking exposure and aging are deeply related to the development of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Bronchial asthma associated with primary lung cancer--comparison of extrathoracic malignancies]. 164

A representative sample of 4657 adults greater than or equal to 45 years of age from the 5 main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos and Hawaiians) were interviewed during 1977-1979 regarding their diets. Quantitative food-consumption histories were obtained, from which average daily intakes of fat (saturated, unsaturated, cholesterol, meat, dairy, fish, animal, vegetable and total), protein (animal, meat, fish, dairy and total), carbohydrate, and vitamins A and C (including supplements) were calculated using food-consumption data from standard sources. Multiple regression analysis, with sex as a controlled variable, was used to assess the statistical relationship between these ethnic-sex-specific intakes and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates of 15 selected sites for which nutrient components are suspected to be either causal or protective. Based on pre-set criteria for establishing important relationships, significant positive associations were found for 6 of the cancer sites: breast cancer with fat (saturated, unsaturated, animal, total) and protein (animal), corpus-uteri cancer with the same components as breast cancer, prostate cancer with fat (saturated, animal) and protein (animal, total), stomach cancer with fat (fish only) and protein (fish only), lung cancer with cholesterol, and laryngeal cancer with cholesterol. Breast and corpus-uteri cancers also showed significant negative associations with carbohydrate intake. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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PMID:Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii. 728 30

To arrive at a reasonable estimate of the total need for radiotherapy, the various descriptions of population trends and measures of cancer trends must be studied concurrently. Incidence and mortality are well documented by official statistics. All prognoses are based on these measures, the official population statistics, and the 1989 population prognosis from Statistics Sweden. Incidence, mortality, and prevalence may be considered either individually or together as indirect measures of the need for radiotherapy at different stages for different types of cancer. Incidence, ie, the number of cases of disease onset during a given period, shows the indirect need for curative radiotherapy, eg, for breast cancer, laryngeal cancer, gynecological tumor types, and head and neck cancer. The projected average annual mean increase in total incidence is 1.0%. Mortality may be used as an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for recurring cancer, eg, for bone metastases, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or breast cancer. The mean increase is estimated at 0.9% per year. Likewise, prevalence can be an indirect measure of the need for palliative treatment for cancer diseases of a chronic nature, eg, prostate cancer and multiple myeloma. The total mean increase per year has been estimated at 2.0%. The total need for radiotherapy in the future should be viewed against the background of all these descriptive measures. Assessment must also consider numerous other factors that directly influence need. A change in the indications for treatment can quickly increase the need for radiotherapy, eg, the benefits of radiotherapy for noninvasive breast cancer are currently being studied. Even a change in the indications for surgical intervention for small tumors in the breast influence the need for primary curative radiotherapy in this large group of patients. Likewise, a shift in staging the primary diagnosis, eg, in head and neck cancer, and changes in fractionation (hyperfractionation) may substantially influence need. This is addressed further in another section of the report. The largest single group of cancer patients who receive radiotherapy are those with bone metastases (25% of the total). The size of this group, and thereby the potential unsatisfied need, is largely unknown since no statistics show the prevalence of metastases in the population. This group is comprised mainly of patients that were primarily diagnosed with prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Concerning lung cancer, incidence trends probably provide the best measure of changes in the number of bone metastases over time. The annual increase in incidence has been estimated at 1.5%. As for breast cancer and prostate cancer, mortality trends provide more information about trends in the number of bone metastases. Both types of cancer increased by 1.9% per year. Chapter 6 presents the types of cancer for which radiotherapy is usually given. The projected trends show that each of these cancer diagnoses, except lung cancer in men and cervical cancer in women, are expected to increase in number until the year 2010. Prevalence is expected to increase even more, particularly cancer in the rectum, breast, and prostate. Also, the number of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is expected to nearly double by 2010.
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PMID:Cancer trends in Sweden until 2010. 915 84

The penetrance of the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q12-13 has been estimated in two large, systematically ascertained, linked families, by use of a maximum-likelihood method to incorporate both cancer-incidence data and 13q marker typings in the families. The cumulative risk of breast cancer in female gene carriers was estimated to be 59.8% by age 50 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 25.9%-78.5%) and 79.5% by age 70 years (95% CI 28.9%-97.5%). The cumulative risk of breast cancer in male carriers was estimated to be 6.3% (95% CI 1.4%-25.6%) by age 70 years. There was no evidence of any risk difference between the two families. These results indicate that the lifetime breast cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers, for at least a subset of mutations, is comparable to that for BRCA1. A significant excess of ovarian cancer in gene carriers was observed (relative risk 17.69, based on three cases), but the absolute risk of ovarian cancer was less than that reported for BRCA1. Significant excesses of laryngeal cancer (relative risk 7.67, based on two possible carriers) and prostate cancer (relative risk 2.89, based on five possible carriers) were also observed. One case of ocular melanoma, as well as a second eye cancer of unspecified histology, occurred in obligate gene carriers.
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PMID:Cancer risks in two large breast cancer families linked to BRCA2 on chromosome 13q12-13. 924 92

There are significant differences in how laryngeal cancer affects the two genders, with cases occuring predominantly in males. This has been speculated to result from the different susceptibilities of the tumor cells to steroid sex hormones. Since the sex hormone action is mediated by specific cellular receptors, several previous studies have analyzed the presence of these sex-hormone receptors. However, the data on the receptor status for androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in laryngeal carcinomas are controversial. Since some authors have suggested antiandrogen or antiestrogen therapy as an adjuvant treatment for laryngeal carcinoma, we performed a comprehensive study using immunomorphological and biochemical techniques on both in-vivo and in-vitro tumor cells in order to clarify whether major sex-hormone receptors are present or not. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis on 13 patients with laryngeal carcinomas, 8 males and 5 females, using monoclonal antibodies against androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors. In addition, the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors was tested biochemically using an enzyme immune assay (EIA). Furthermore, we analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of the hormone receptors in five keratinocyte cell lines originating from laryngeal carcinomas. In all of our tumor samples, as well as in the five tumor cell lines tested, we did not detect any specific immunohistochemical staining for androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in the laryngeal carcinoma cells when compared to the positive controls of breast and prostate cancer samples. Similarly, the biochemical analysis did not demonstrate any significant amount of receptor protein in the analyzed cases. In conclusion, the absence of male and female sex-hormone receptors strongly argues against laryngeal carcinomas being sex-hormone-dependent tumors. Therefore, we do not see any rational indication to use a specific antiandrogen or antiestrogen therapy for the adjuvant treatment of laryngeal carcinomas.
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PMID:Analysis of sex-hormone-receptor expression in laryngeal carcinoma. 1206 9

Bowen's disease, or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ, has been regarded as a cutaneous marker for internal malignancy. However, the relationship of Bowen's disease to visceral cancers remains controversial. We present a 76-year-old male with multiple lesions of Bowen's disease, who later developed laryngeal cancer and subsequent prostate cancer with distant metastases. Efforts to detect possible common etiologic agents including human papillomavirus and chronic arsenicism revealed no association between Bowen's disease and the internal malignancies. Despite the controversy, we suggest that a conservative cancer workup is ethically indicated in patients with multiple Bowen's disease.
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PMID:A case of multiple Bowen's disease with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and adenocarcionoma of the prostate. 1222 87

Adenoviruses are promising vectors for human cancer gene therapy. However, the extensively used adenoviruses serotypes 2 and 5 (Ad2 and Ad5) from species C have a major disadvantage in being highly prevalent; thus, most adults have an immunity against the two viruses. Furthermore, the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptors for Ad2 and Ad5 varies in different cells. This study aims to identify adenovirus serotypes with specific tropism for endothelial cells and epithelial tumour cells. Comparison of the binding affinities of Ad31, Ad11, Ad5, Ad37, Ad4 and Ad41, belonging to species A-F, respectively, to established cell lines of hepatoma (HepG2), breast cancer (CAMA and MG7), prostatic cancer (DU145 and LNCaP) and laryngeal cancer (Hep2), as well as to endothelial cells (HMEC), was carried out by flow cytometric analysis. Ad11 from species B showed markedly higher binding affinity than Ad5 for the endothelial cell line and all carcinoma cell lines studied. Ad4 showed a specific binding affinity for hepatoma cells and laryneal carcinoma cells. The ability of Ad11, Ad4 and Ad5 to be expressed in hepatoma, breast cancer and endothelial cell lines was studied by immunostaining and (35)S-labelling of viral proteins in infected cells. Ad11 and Ad4 manifested a higher proportion of infected cells and a higher degree of hexon expression than Ad5.
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PMID:Human adenovirus serotypes 4 and 11 show higher binding affinity and infectivity for endothelial and carcinoma cell lines than serotype 5. 1260 21

In a population-based cross-sectional study, we compared serum levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three organochlorine pesticides in residents of two districts in eastern Slovakia, one with extensive environmental contamination from a former PCB production site (Michalovce) and the other matched on geography but with low (background) levels (Svidnik). The age-adjusted geometric means for sum of 15 measured PCB congeners were statistically significantly higher in subjects from the Michalovce district for both sexes: 3327.6 versus 1331.4 ng/g of lipid in males, 2751.8 versus 992.2 ng/g of lipid in females. Levels of DDE and DDT were also significantly higher, although the absolute differences were less pronounced. There was no substantial difference in HCB levels between the districts. We also conducted an ecologic study to compare cancer incidence occurring in these same two districts from 1985 through 1994. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals for each district using indirect standardization and rates from eastern Slovakia. Among males from Michalovce (exposed), but not Svidnik (unexposed), there was an excess of cancer of the tongue (SIR=1.46; 1.06-1.96), stomach (SIR=1.15; 1.00-1.32), lung (SIR=1.14; 1.04-1.24), testis (SIR=1.40; 0.97-1.97), and kidney (SIR=1.23; 0.98-1.52), and lower than expected incidence of prostate cancer (SIR=0.83; 0.69-0.97); in contrast, there was an excess of peritoneal (SIR=3.05; 1.11-6.63) and laryngeal cancer (SIR=1.43; 0.99-1.98) in Svidnik not observed Michalovce. Among females from Michalovce, but not Svidnik, there was an excess of cancer of the lip (SIR=2.54; 1.53-3.96), stomach (SIR=1.22; 1.02-1.44), and lung (SIR=1.17; 0.94-1.45); in contrast, there was an excess of kidney (SIR=1.61; 1.03-2.40) and thyroid (SIR=1.97; 1.12-3.20) cancer in Svidnik not observed in Michalovce. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that high environmental exposure to organochlorines in the Michalovce district may be associated with higher rates of certain cancers, particularly stomach and lung cancer.
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PMID:Environmental exposure to PCBs and cancer incidence in eastern Slovakia. 1465 53

Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and recently the incidence of this disease has increased. By means of the mRNA differential display method we identified a cDNA, Laryngeal carcinoma related gene 1 (LCRG1) which has significantly reduced expression in 40% (12/30) of primary LCs and in 6 of 10 various cancer cell lines. Northern Blot analysis showed that LCRG1 was expressed more abundantly in human heart, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and in murine testis, liver, brain and heart than in other tissues. The cDNA sequence of this gene is identical to part of the sequence of PAC HCIT75G16 clone (GenBank accession No. AC003042) from the chromosome band 17q12-21.1 which is one of the most common loss of heterozygosity (LOH) regions involved in LC, prostate cancer, etc. This gene is composed of six exons and spans about 60 kb of genomic DNA with a 3.4 kb mature transcript. The alignment of this gene with STS markers localized the gene to the previously identified tumor-suppressor locus D17S800-D17S930. The putative protein encoded by this gene is 288 amino acid with one potential site for phosphorylation by casein kinase II and no significant homology to any known proteins in the public databases. The primary tumor suppressive functions (proliferation rate,soft agar growth and tumor formation) were observed in a LC cell line (Hep-2) by lipofectin transfection. Together these data strongly suggest a potential role of LCRG1 contributing to the development of LC.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of LCRG1 a novel gene localized to the tumor suppressor locus D17S800-D17S930. 1514 23

We examined death patterns of tobacco-related cancers (lung, oesophagus, larynx, and pharynx) and of non-tobacco related cancers (breast and prostate) from 1972 to 2001 in Ireland, utilizing the WHO Cancer Mortality Database. Estimated-annual-percent-changes (EAPC) in age-adjusted cancer death rates (standardised to world standard population) were calculated by age (10-year groups), period (10-year intervals) and sex. Overall, EAPCs of all the cancer sites studied showed a declining trend in the most recent period (1992-2001), with male oesophageal cancer rates showing a deceleration between 1992 and 2001. In 1992-2001, the youngest age-group studied (45-54 year-olds) showed a statistically significant declining annual rate particularly for lung cancer (males), breast and laryngeal cancer (females); prostate cancer death rates have slowed down in the youngest adults (45-54 year-olds); and the oldest age-groups studied (75-84 year-olds) are also showing an annual deceleration in some cancer sites, with a significant declining annual rate for breast cancer. In conclusion, the current and the future cancer death rates of some common life-style related cancers in Ireland are encouraging.
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PMID:Lifestyle-related cancer death rates in Ireland: decreasing or increasing? 1654 17


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