Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels after total prostatectomy or radiation therapy to localized prostate cancer and also during endocrine therapy are within normal range. Therefore, it is necessary to use hyper sensitive PSA assay kits for early detection of relapse. The present study was undertaken to evaluate two hyper sensitive assay kits (Delfia kit, lower limit 0.1 ng/ml, Kabi Pharmacia Diagnostics Co. and Markit M kit, 0.5 ng/ml, Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co.) and to compare them with conventional PSA kit (Eiken Chemical Co., 1.0 ng/ml). Total of 291 sera were examined: patients consisted of 10 total prostatectomy+endocrine therapy, 9 radiation therapy+endocrine therapy, 5 radiation therapy alone and 44 endocrine therapy alone. Values of endocrine therapy alone were divided into two groups according to duration after start of treatment; more or less than 5 years. The following results were obtained. 1. In non-relapse patients after total prostatectomy+endocrine therapy and radiation+endocrine therapy, PSA showed under lower limit with hyper sensitive kit. On the contrary, conventional kit indicated more than 1.0 ng/ml. 2. Radiation therapy alone kept PSA in detectable range with hyper sensitive kit in spite of no sign of relapse. 3. In non-relapsed patients under endocrine therapy alone, long duration (more than 5 years after start of treatment) decreased PSA in non detectable values with hyper sensitive kits. In this case, conventional kit still showed PSA as more than 1 ng/ml. 4. Doubling time at relapse was estimated similar with Delfia kit and Markit M kit, and much longer with conventional kit. It is concluded that hyper sensitive kit is more useful to manage patients after therapy than conventional kit.
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PMID:[Usefulness of hyper sensitive PSA assay kits for determination on low range of prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer]. 753 43

To compare levels of gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) assayed by original and revised assay systems, blood was obtained every 4 h over a 32-h period from 8 untreated prostate cancer patients. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were also examined. In 6 patients, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly different from that of the intra-assay samples. In contrast, the CV of the gamma-Sm serum levels assayed by the original assay differed significantly from that of the intra-assay samples in only 2 patients. The fluctuations in gamma-Sm assayed by the revised assay were, at least in part, similar to those of the PSA serum levels in all patients. The mean CV of the gamma-Sm serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly larger than that for levels measured by the original assay. After treatment, the rate of decrease in gamma-Sm serum levels determined by the original assay differed from that in the serum levels of PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase. These results indicate that the original assay for gamma-Sm do not detect diurnal differences in serum gamma-Sm levels, even at levels below 20 ng/ml. These observations indicate that the analysis of data obtained using the original gamma-Sm kit should be interpreted with caution.
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PMID:Diurnal rhythm of serum gamma-seminoprotein in patients with untreated prostate cancer: comparison of the original and revised assay kits. 754 57

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PA) values detected by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA, MARKIT-M PA) as a successor of MARKIT-F PA, which has been a leading kit in Japan, were evaluated for its role in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate and follow-up of the patients afflicted with the disease. The system is one-step sandwich type EIA using horseradish peroxidase as a tracer and has 0.50-100 ng/ml of detectable range with small amount of sample volume (25 microliters) and reliable quality control data. Furthermore, serum PA values detected by the assay were almost equivocal to those detected by MARKIT-F PA. Serum PA values in prostate cancer patients (n = 122) were statistically higher than those in normal males (n = 90), urological malignancies other than prostate cancer (n = 48) or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, n = 73). Even in the patients with stage A and B prostate cancer, serum PA values were observed to be statistically higher than those in BPH cases. If 3.6 ng/ml was used, which is normal value in MARKIT-F PA, as a cut-off value and BPH cases as a control, the sensitivity, specificity and efficacy for diagnosis of prostate cancer were 77.9, 91.8 and 83.1%, respectively, which showed the best results during the range examined. Serially determined serum PA values in following up the patients with prostate cancer were confirmed to be highly effective to evaluate treatment responses. These results suggest that MARKIT-M PA is thought to be one of the best tool for determination of serum PA values.
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PMID:[Measurement of serum PA values by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay]. 768 86

We developed an ultrasensitive method for measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum. The assay includes a capture monoclonal anti-PSA antibody coated to microtiter wells, a biotinylated rabbit polyclonal detection antibody, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled streptavidin. The activity of ALP is measured with the substrate diflunisal phosphate; the released diflunisal forms highly fluorescent complexes with Tb(3+)-EDTA that are quantified with microsecond time-resolved fluorometry. The assay is precise and accurate and correlates well with the established Hybritech Tandem-PSA kit. Its distinguishing feature is extreme sensitivity (lowest limit of detection is 0.002 micrograms/L or 2 x 10(6) PSA molecules per assay). This is the most sensitive PSA assay reported thus far; we used it to quantify PSA in patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Many patients had < 0.01 micrograms/L PSA in their serum. This method could have important clinical applications in postsurgical early detection of relapse or residual prostate cancer, as recently suggested in the literature (Clin Chem 1992;38:1930-2).
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PMID:Ultrasensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of prostate-specific antigen in serum and preliminary clinical studies. 769 42

The significance of prostate specific antigen (PSA) measured by DELFIA PSA kit in the 1,177 serum samples examined by mass screening for prostate cancer was evaluated. All subjects were examined by questionnaire, digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the subjects in whom prostate cancer was suspected from abnormal DRE and/or elevated PAP were recommended to receive the secondary screening for the presence of prostate cancer. All serum specimens used for this study were kept in our serum bank. The cut-off value was investigated between non-cancer subjects (diagnosed as normal, voiding disturbance or BPH) and prostate cancer patients. When the cut-off value was 2.89 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as prostate marker was 80.6%, 90.0% and 89.4%, respectively. Therefore, the cut-off value was determined as 3.0 ng/ml. The significance of PSA was retrospectively evaluated compared to PAP in the subjects examined by our mass screening. Twenty eight of the 39 palpable prostate cancers which could not be detected from the PAP level were detected from the PSA level, namely the sensitivity of the detection using the PSA level is more excellent than that using PAP. However, the false negative rate obtained using PSA was high (30.3%) in the patients with stage B disease. The relationship among serum PSA concentration, prostate size estimated by DRE and age was investigated. PSA was increased with age and prostate size. This estimation should be confirmed by using an ultrasonography because the prostate size obtained by DRE is inaccurate as compared with that obtained by ultrasonography.
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PMID:[Measurement of serum PSA by DELFIA PSA kit and its application for mass screening. The Gunma Urological Oncology Study Group]. 769 9

A radioimmunoassay kit for measurement of carboxyterminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1CP) was developed and can be purchased commercially for clinical use. Using the kit, we measured serum concentration in healthy controls and in patients with bone metastasis and other various skeletal disorders. In healthy controls, serum concentration of P1CP ranged within 37-177 ng/ml under age 50, while in serum concentration of women over 50, it elevated upto 350 ng/ml. In patients with skeletal metastasis, in most of patients, it stayed within a normal range, whereas in patients with bone metastasis from prostatic cancer, it raised significantly. In some of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or hyperthyroidism, serum concentration for P1CP was also elevated. In comparison with other serum bone metabolic markers such as osteocalcin or alkaline phosphatase, P1CP showed less occurrence of an elevation in patients with non-skeletal disease. Serum concentration of P1CP was not affected by renal function, while mild elevation was observed in patients with severely damaged liver diseases. In conclusion, the newly developed radioimmunoassay for P1CP was an excellent assay system and would provide us easily evaluation of type 1 collagen formation.
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PMID:[Measurement of serum concentration with radioimmunoassay for carboxyterminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen]. 833 16

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured using a newly developed Prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit in 1,236 healthy subjects, 2,867 patients with malignant tumors, and 901 with benign diseases. Because 94.0% of healthy subjects had serum TPA under 70 U/l, the cut-off value was set at 70 U/l. Serum TPA was elevated in more than 50% of patients with head and neck cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall positive rate in malignant tumors was 55.5%. Serum TPA was higher in advanced cancer than in earlier stage cancer, and decreased after the resection of the tumor. The false positive rate in benign diseases was 31.3%. ROC analysis revealed the usefulness of TPA as a tumor marker in many cancers. The correlation coefficient between TPA and CYFRA 21-1, and between TPA and TPSA, was 0.747 and 0.694, respectively. In conclusion, measurement of serum TPA using the new kit is useful in the management of patients with various malignant tumors.
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PMID:[Measurement of serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with malignant tumor using prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit]. 864 25

From April 1994 to February 1995, we studied prostate cancer screening at Shakaihoken Hazu Hospital and Health Care Center. Among 1,838 men, over 55, who had taken the total health care check, 857 applicants had had prostate cancer screening, using serum PSA (Delia kit; normal range < 11.7 ng/ml) and AUA voiding symptom score and bothersome score. According to the serum PSA level, they were divided into 4 groups, 11 with 8 ng/ml or more indicating requirement of further examination, 29 with 4-8 ng/ml indicating requirement of observation, 100 with less than 4 ng/ml and AUA score (approximately more than 10) indicating voiding disturbance and the other 717 were normal; Of 11 further examined cases, 6 applicants underwent random biopsy. We found 3 with prostate cancer (0.35%).
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PMID:[Prostate cancer screening in total health care check--using serum PSA and AUA score]. 869 59

To study immunorecognition of free type and complex type prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by current commercial PSA assays, sera from 3 patients with stage D2 prostate cancer were separated by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography and determined by Delfia PSA, ACS-PSA and Eiken PA kits. Two antibodies used in the 3 kits are 2 monoclonal, 1 monoclonal and 1 polyclonal and 2 polyclonal antibodies, respectively. Following chromatography, two PSA peaks were obtained in all patients. One was about 100 kDa and the other about 30 kDa. The former was considered to be the complex type PSA (complex with alpha-1 antichymotrypsin) and the latter to be free type PSA. As to free type PSA, the ACS-PSA kit and Eiken PA kit quantitated PSA values approximately 5.1 and 2.5 times higher than the Delfia PSA kit. For complex type PSA, the quantity determined by ACS-PSA kit was approximately 1.3 times higher than that determined by the Delfia PSA kit, while the quantity determined by the Eiken PA kit was about one third of that determined by Delfia PSA kit. The ratio of complex type PSA to total PSA (free type PSA + complex type PSA) was 74.8 +/- 14.9% (mean +/- SD) when determined by Delfia PSA kit, 59.3 +/- 18.4% by ACS-PSA kit and 52.9 +/- 13.8% by Eiken PA kit. The range of this ratio determined by ACS-PSA kit was from 47.3% to 80.5% in the 3 patients. These findings suggest that there are qualitative differences in immunorecognition of free type PSA and complex type PSA among current commercial PSA assays and that there are quantitative differences in the ratio of the 2 forms of PSA in serum among prostatic cancer patients. The measurement and follow-up of both free type and complex type PSA might be important for diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer.
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PMID:[Determination of free type and complex type prostate-specific antigen (PSA): differences in immunorecognition by Delfia PSA, ACS-PSA and Eiken PA kits]. 869 60

Since 1975 mass screening for prostate cancer has been performed in Japan. The Prostate Research Foundation has analysed the data every year that collected from all institutes performing a mass screening. Up to 1993, 67, 225 subjects were examined. The detection rate of prostate cancer was 0.69%. Approximately half of the cancer were stage B, and the subjects who have metastatic stage were only 20% and the pattern of stage seemed to be different from that of patients who visited hospitals. In Chiba prefecture the subjects lived in a district of south Boso peninsula received a mass screening for prostate cancer with total of 1,964 men from 1985, and 17 cancers were diagnosed (0.87%). The distribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assayed with Tandem-R kit was examined using the stocked sera (n = 976) of the screening for prostate cancer in Chiba prefecture. The percentage of 0.05-4.0 ng/ml, 4.1-9.9 ng/ml, over than 10.0 ng/ml of the PSA, were 89.6%, 7.0%, 3.4%, respectively. This distribution is approximately as same as the previous reports by the United States and Canada.
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PMID:[Mass screening for prostate cancer in Japan]. 896 83


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