Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The significance of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) was investigated in the subjects examined by the mass screening for prostate cancer from 1985 to 1990. All subjects was examined by digital rectal examination (DRE) and with prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and the subjects in whom prostate cancer (Pca) was suspected from abnormal DRE and/or elevated PAP were recommended to receive the secondary screening to confirm the presence of Pca. PSA was measured by radioimmunoassay using Ball-Elsa-PSA-kit. 1,600 serum samples were obtained from our serum bank. The relationship among PSA, prostate size estimated by DRE and age was investigated. PSA was increased with age and the prostate size, PSA being more closely related with the latter. Therefore, we estimated that PSA has an ability to detect benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in the mass screening. This estimation should be confirmed by using an ultrasound tomography because the prostate size obtained by DRE is inaccurate as compared with that obtained by ultrasound tomography. The cut off level of PSA was determined by control which was composed from the subjects with normal size prostate and one with BPH. When the cut off level was 8.6 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency as Pca marker was 73.9%, 97.4% and 97.1%, respectively. PSA was more than 8.6 ng/ml in all of Pca with elevated PAP. PSA was expected to improve the Pca detection rate in our mass screening system.
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PMID:[Significance of prostatic specific antigen in the mass screening for prostate cancer]. 127 61

BALL-ELSA PSA is a monoclonal radioimmunometric assay kit for detection of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) developed and generally used in Europe. Basic and clinical study of the kit was performed for evaluation of it's utility in Japanese patients. The sera from 56 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 35 patients with prostate cancer (PCA) and 18 normal males were examined. Other kits such as EIKEN PSA and EIKEN PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) were also evaluated in same sera. The results of the range in the measurement, within-assay error, between-assay error, dilution test, recovery test and others were well satisfied. In our clinical study, mean + 2SD of serum PSA values in normal males was 2.57 ng/ml. Serum PSA values determined by the two RIA kits, BALL-ELSA and EIKEN, showed a good correlation (r = 0.9909), but the BALL-ELSA PSA kit yielded values about 2.4 times higher than the EIKEN PSA kit on the same sample. We think that the difference might be largely due to differences in assigned PSA calibrators and diluents between the assay kits. Further investigations and discussions were expected on this point. In our study, the most suitable cut-off level for distinguishing PCA from BPH in BALL-ELSA PSA kit was 10.0 ng/ml.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical evaluation of the new kit for detection of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)]. 128 Jun 97

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable screening test for prostate cancer. Monoclonal antibodies specific to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were generated with an improved hybridoma technique. The hybrid cells were initially cultured in a semisolid medium containing methylcellulose and later transferred to a liquid medium for further subculture. Thirty-six out of a total 1,250 recovered colonies were shown to exhibit a high affinity to PSA by radioimmunobinding assay. Eight hybrid cell lines which secreted either IgG1 or IgG2a antibodies of a high affinity and specificity were established for evaluation. The association constants between PSA and these monoclonal antibodies were shown to range from 1 x 10(9) to 5 x 10(9) M-1. From the results of a matrix cross-matching procedure, pairs of monoclonal antibodies were identified and the corresponding epitopes assigned, and most of them could also be paired with rabbit anti-PSA in a typical sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The designated EIA procedure was performed over 90 minutes at room temperature in a two-stage incubation protocol with a sensitivity of 0.4 ng/mL. The EIA kit was shown to have little cross-reactivity with thyroid stimulating hormone, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate acid phosphatase. Preliminary evaluations with clinically defined patients' sera revealed that proper selections of antibody pairs in sandwich immunoassays are crucial to the adequate performance of the EIA kits.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay for prostate-specific antigen and its diagnostic application in prostate cancer. 128 38

Serum osteocalcin (OC) is derived largely from new cellular synthesis. It is a marker for bone formation and a noninvasive specific marker of osteoblastic activity. The clinical significance of OC in monitoring prostatic cancer bone metastases was evaluated. Pretreatment serum OC levels were determined with a radioimmunoassay kit in a total of 63 patients with prostate cancer (8 with stage B, 12 with stage C, 12 with stage D1, and 31 with metastatic bone disease). The OC levels in patients with skeletal metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients without bony lesions (P less than 0.01). The pattern of the initial changes in OC levels were analyzed in patients with skeletal metastasis who received endocrine treatment. The pretreatment OC value is of little use in predicting the response to treatment. The patients whose OC level initially increased and remained high tended to have a shorter interval to disease progression. On the other hand, the pattern of initial changes in OC varied according to the regimen of endocrine treatment. Our study suggests that OC seem to reflect the response to treatment and might lead to the improvement in follow-up procedures. However, the clinical significance of OC as a marker of the response of bone metastasis should be carefully discussed with regard to the direct hormonal effect on bone metabolism.
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PMID:Osteocalcin: is it a useful marker of bone metastasis and response to treatment in advanced prostate cancer? 137 80

The prognostic value of prostate specific antigen was evaluated to predict disease progression after endocrine therapy in patients with prostatic cancer. A total of 73 patients was studied (6 with stage B2, 16 with stage C, 9 with stage D1 and 42 with stage D2 disease). Endocrine therapy included bilateral orchiectomy, diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue. Pre-treatment serum prostate specific antigen levels were determined in all patients with an enzyme immunoassay kit. During a followup of 4 to 68 months (average 24 months) clinical disease progression occurred in 24 of the 73 patients. The pre-treatment prostate specific antigen level by itself did not predict disease progression. Changes in prostate specific antigen level with treatment were correlated with the interval to disease progression in the 44 patients who had prostate specific antigen determinations at regular intervals after endocrine therapy and whose initial level was greater than 10 ng./ml. Patients who had a decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels of 80% or more within 1 month after the beginning of therapy survived significantly longer free of disease progression (p less than 0.001). Patients whose prostate specific antigen level remained elevated for more than 3 months had a high risk of disease progression within 2 years. Our study suggests that patients with the more favorable prognosis can be identified early, after 1 to 3 months of endocrine therapy, by the rapid decrease in the prostate specific antigen levels.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in endocrine treatment for prostatic cancer. 170 Jan 55

We examined the values of prostate specific antigen (PSA) with a RIA kit (Pros Check PSA) and an EIA kit (Market F PA), measuring prostate weights of 125 participants in a mass screening of the prostatic diseases. A mild positive correlation (r = 0.467) between values of PSA (RIA) and prostate weights was found in the participants in whom the prostate cancer was not detected. Since serum PSA levels measured by RIA of 45 normal subjects were 1.8 +/- 1.5 ng/ml (Mean +/- S.D), the upper limit of the normal range was set at 6.3 ng/ml. The participants whose PSA levels exceeded this upper normal range and also whose prostate weights were under 30 g were found in 11 of the 122 subjects (9%). On the contrary, the abnormal values (EIA) were found in only two subjects (one, a prostate cancer and the other, a benign prostate hypertrophy). We, further, examined the PSA values (EIA) in 415 subjects in whom the prostate cancer was detected in 5 (1.2%). The abnormal values were found in 8 (4 prostate cancer, 3 benign prostate hypertrophy and one without prostatic disease). As the false positive rate was very low, the use of PSA is recommended in the first screening of the check up program of the prostatic disease.
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PMID:[A mass screening of the prostatic diseases and serum prostate specific antigen]. 172 Feb 76

The level of serum gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) was determined by enzyme immunoassay using an EIA gamma-Sm test kit in 32 patients with prostatic cancer (before treatment for 12 and after treatment was started for 20), 24 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy and 22 patients with other urogenital cancer. A gamma-Sm level of over 4.0 ng/ml was considered to be positive. The positive rate was 43.8% in prostatic cancer patients (83.3% before and 20.0% after treatment), 25.0% in benign prostate hypertrophy and 0% in other urogenital cancer. Since the positive rate of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was 34.3% in prostatic cancer patients (75.0% before and 10.0% after treatment) and 16.7% in benign prostate hypertrophy patients, gamma-Sm may be more sensitive but less specific as an indicator of prostatic cancer in PAP. In 9 patients with prostatic cancer before treatment, the levels of serum gamma-Sm and PAP were serially determined for up to 11 months. The level of gamma-Sm decreased in 7 patients, and PAP in all patients after hormone therapy. One patient showed a consistently positive gamma-Sm level and the level of the others became positive only for gamma-Sm during follow-up. There was a statistical correlation between the levels of serum gamma-Sm and PAP in patients with prostatic cancer (r = 0.595, p less than 0.01), in patients with benign prostate hypertrophy (r = 0.882, p less than 0.01) and also in the patients in both groups together (r = 0.590, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The significance of serum gamma-seminoprotein in prostatic cancer]. 241 79

Prostatic acid phosphatase was determined with Merck-Kanto's test kit on the cases of prostatic cancer experienced at our University Hospital from August in 1983 to February in 1985. Untreated cases were 4 stage A cases, 1 stage B case, 3 stage C cases, 3 stage D1 cases and 12 stage D2 cases. Nine cases were determined before and after hormonal treatment. From 67 controlled cases and 19 recurrent cases, 144 and 56 samples were selected, respectively. This method showed good reproducibility and even the serum stored at -80 degrees C after separation could be used for determination by addition of tartrate just before the measurement. The occurrence of abnormal values in untreated prostatic cancer cases, was 0% for stage A, 1 case for stage B, 33% for stage C and D1 and 75% for stage D2. Hormonal treatment decreased the high values of 5 cases and 1 case returned to normal. Compared to the recurrent cases, controlled cases showed a significantly larger ratio of negative, and it suggests that the test is useful for follow-up. Prostatic hypertrophy showed the increase of the value in 6% of the cases. Both prostatitis and urinary tract stone cases remained in the normal range.
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PMID:[Prostatic acid phosphatase measured by immunoenzyme assay]. 241 60

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PA) were determined with a Cetus test kit (California, USA) for prostatic cancer and others. Abnormal values of PAP in untreated prostatic cancer were found in 0, 0, 50, 50, 0, 73% of stage A1, A2, CpN0, CNX, D1 and D2 cases, respectively, and those of PA were found in 25, 0, 50, 100, 100, 100% of the same stages, respectively. Grade was not related to the level of PAP or PA. Prostatic hypertrophy showed increased values of PAP and PA in 11.1% and 7.4%, respectively. The levels of PAP were not correlated to those of PA. Endocrine treatment decreased the elevated values of PAP and PA in 60% of the cases. Most of the PAP and PA levels in the cases controlled under endocrine therapy were within normal values, but after relapse most showed elevated levels.
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PMID:[Prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen measured by immunoenzyme assay]. 243 30

Combined measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was performed in 235 patients with various urologic diseases including 55 patients with prostatic cancer. A PA level of over 24.7 ng/ml and a PAP level of over 3.1 ng/ml were considered to be positive. The positive rate of PA was 57% in the patients with untreated prostatic cancer and 3% in the patients without prostatic cancer. The positive rate of PAP was 52% in the patients with untreated prostatic cancer and 1% in the patients without prostatic cancer. PA and PAP were considered to be equally sensitive and specific serum markers of prostatic cancer. However, the positive rate increased to 65% without increasing the false positive rate when the PA and PAP were both measured simultaneously. The combined assay of PA and PAP is recommended for screening prostatic cancer. The cross-over titer of PA and gamma-Sm using standard samples in each kit revealed linearity, which suggested that PA and gamma-Sm possess the same antigenicity.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker of prostatic cancer]. 244 88


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