Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was determined immunohistochemically, using a monoclonal antibody PC10, in 102 prostatic carcinoma samples and in prostate tissue from 21 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasis (BPH). The percentage of cells with stained nuclei ranged from 1% to 58% in the carcinoma specimens and 0% to 10% in the BPH specimens. A semiquantitative scoring system was devised for the degree of PCNA positivity observed in the tumors. Statistical analysis of the PCNA score in relation to the histological grade of the tumors gave a significant positive or negative correlation between these parameters P less than 0.001. No significant correlation between PCNA score was, however, seen with metastatic status, T category (TMN classification) of the primary tumor, or the patient's age at diagnosis. In 65 prostatic cancer patients of known survival, those individuals whose tumors had a PCNA score of +/- (less than 10% of nuclei stained) were compared with those patients whose tumors were either 1+, 2+, or 3+ (greater than 10% of nuclei stained). Life table analysis of the two groups indicated that the patients with the lower PCNA score survived significantly longer than those with the higher PCNA scores, P less than 0.04. Comparison of the Ki-67 expression in frozen sections with the PCNA expression in wax-embedded tissue of 86 prostatic carcinomas was also undertaken. A significant correlation between these two parameters was found, P less than 0.001, although the growth fraction estimated by Ki-67 expression was generally lower than that given by the PCNA scoring system.
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PMID:Relationship of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in prostatic carcinomas to various clinical parameters. 137 82

Background: Preoperative staging for prostate cancer underestimates the final pathology stage in approximately 40-50% of the cases. Previous work from our institution demonstrated that an enhanced reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) enabled more accurate staging of presumably localized prostate cancer. The goal of the current study is to determine if needle biopsy results when combined with the RT-PCR for PSA assay are a better predictor of final pathology stage. Methods and Results: One hundred sixty-two men with needle biopsy-diagnosed prostate cancer had blood drawn for the RT-PCR for PSA assay before undergoing radical prostatectomy. Polymerase chain reaction primers specific for the PSA gene were run, along with appropriate controls. Tumor was characterized using the TMN staging system: organ confined (pT2a-c), capsular penetration (pT2a-b), seminal vesicle involvement (pT3c). Surgical margins and lymph nodes were also evaluated. Of the 162 patients, the majority had localized disease by digital rectal examination: T2 = 97%, and T3 = 3%. On needle biopsy, 48 cases (30%) had a Gleason score >/=7 and 35 cases (22%) had perineural involvement (PNI). The RT-PCR for PSA assay was positive in 50 patients (31%). Final pathology revealed 39% of patients had pT3 disease; none of the 162 patients had lymph node involvement. Statistical analysis revealed that a Gleason score >/=7 had 81% specificity and 46% sensitivity in predicting pT3 disease (odds ratio 3.6). The presence of PNI on needle biopsy was 89% specific and 38% sensitive in predicting pT3 disease (odds ratio, 4.9). The RT-PCR for PSA assay was 89% specific and 62% sensitive in predicting pT3 disease (odds ratio, 13.0). All 14 cases with both RT-PCR for PSA and PNI positivity had pT3 disease. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the independent predictive strength of PNI on needle biopsy, Gleason score >/=7, and RT-PCR for PSA positivity for identifying pT3 disease; their combined odds ratio was more than 180. Conclusions: Using the RT-PCR for PSA assay in conjunction with needle biopsy results increases the predictive strength for pT3 disease in patients with presumed organ-confined prostate carcinoma.
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PMID:Enhanced Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prostate-specific Antigen Combined With Needle Biopsy Results: A Superior Predictor of pT3 Disease. 1046 1

In the postscreening era, physicians are in need of methods to discriminate aggressive from nonaggressive prostate cancer (PCa) to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. However, studies have shown that prognoses (e.g., progression and mortality) differ even among individuals with similar clinical and pathological characteristics. Existing risk classifiers (TMN grading system, Gleason score, etc.) are not accurately enough to represent the biological features of PCa. Using new genomic technologies, novel biomarkers and classifiers have been developed and shown to add value to clinical or pathological risk factors for predicting aggressive disease. Among them, RNA testing (gene expression analysis) is useful because it can not only reflect genetic variations but also reflect epigenetic regulations. Commercially available RNA profiling tests (Oncotype Dx, Prolaris, and Decipher) have demonstrated strong abilities to discriminate PCa with poor prognosis from less aggressive diseases. For instance, these RNA profiling tests can predict disease progression in active surveillance patients or early recurrence after radical treatments. These tests may offer more dependable methods for PCa prognosis prediction to make more accurate and personal medical decisions.
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PMID:Clinically available RNA profiling tests of prostate tumors: utility and comparison. 2697 90