Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 44-year-old man with persistent back-pain for 3 months duration, radiological and echological investigations revealed prostatic mass lesion with multiple osteoblastic involvements. Transrectal biopsy to the prostate demonstrated pathohistologically poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Gleason's score 4-4:8). Serum ACP, ALP and IAP were elevated at the initial diagnosis pathologically. The clinical and pathological stage was D2, without metastasis to lung and liver. Combination chemo-endocrine therapy (methotrexate, adriamycin, pepleomycin, Estracyt and tegafur) with bilateral orchiectomies was performed exclusively as initial treatment. These consecutive treatments brought remarkable reduction of the prostatic mass lesion, decrease of tumor markers to normal range, rapid improvement of subjective symptoms and distinct decrease of abnormal activity in bone scintigram. More than 3 years survival was obtained, and normal performance-status was kept. Prostatic cancer in middle-aged adults is reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:[A case of advanced prostatic cancer in a 44-year-old treated effectively with combination chemo-endocrine therapy]. 169 64

Serum acid phosphatase activity, prostate specific phosphatase and prostate specific antigen were measured in 100 patients with prostatic cancer. The patients were divided according to the differentiation grade into 3 groups: G1 (well), G2 (moderately) and G3 (poorly differentiated) carcinoma. Bone metastases were identified by scintigraphy. Among the 76 M0 patients the mean levels of all 3 markers were slightly higher in patients with moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. Among the 24 M1 patients the primary tumour was either G2 (18 patients) or G3 (6 patients); none had G1 lesions. Significantly higher serum ACP and PAP levels were found in patients with G2 tumours than in those with G3 lesions. It was concluded that the histological differentiation grade of prostatic carcinoma did affect serum levels of prostatic tumour markers; the tendency towards higher levels in the G2 group was noticeable in both non-metastatic and metastatic cases despite the limited number of patients in the latter category. In clinical practice this information may be an important additional tool in staging prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostate tumour markers and differentiation grade in prostatic cancer. 170 39

Bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) are markers of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. We have already shown that the serum activity of these isoenzymes was elevated in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM); we show here that the serum activity of b-ALP and tr-ACP were also elevated in prostate cancer patients with BM. Specificity and sensitivity of b-ALP for BM were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively; and for tr-ACP, 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. The accuracy of b-ALP as a BM marker was higher than the accuracy of usual markers of prostatic carcinoma (tartrate labile ACP [tl-ACP], prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] and prostate specific antigen [PSA]). The highest value predictive of a positive bone scan was obtained with b-ALP (0.88); this increased to 0.97 when b-ALP was coupled with PAP.
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PMID:Phosphatase isoenzymes as bone metastasis markers in prostatic carcinoma. 176 Aug 84

Serum activities of bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (tr-ACP) were evaluated in 271 cancer patients; 120 of them had bone metastases (BM) and 151 had none. Correlation coefficients, specificities, sensitivities, negative and positive predicting values were computed. They showed the important contribution that these isoenzymes can bring to the diagnosis of BM in 80 patients with prostate cancer, and to the followup of 191 patients with breast cancer. The assay results were analysed in parallel with bone scan and radiography. They were also compared to those of serum antigens: PSA and PAP for prostate cancer, and CEA and CA15.3 for breast cancer. These results clearly indicate that both isoenzymes are better correlated with BM than antigens, these antigens being markers of the whole tumor burden--primary tumor, metastases, recurrence--whereas b-ALP and tr-ACP are specific markers of bone metabolism.
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PMID:[Evaluation of two serum isoenzyme phosphatases as bone metastasis markers]. 208 Dec 81

We did a comparative analysis of the physiological and analytical properties of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP; EC 3.1.32) activity, and acid phosphatase antigen (PAP) in serum. The PSA assay is sensitive to 0.2 microgram/L and demonstrates good linearity (y = 1.01x + 0.74). The CV was 3.9% at 40 micrograms/L, 8.0% at 3.1 micrograms/L. PSA and PAP are less stable at 4 degrees C than at -20 degrees C. Serum PAP and ACP concentrations showed large intra-individual fluctuations (average CVs of 22% and 24%, respectively), which were not observed with PSA measurements (average CV 6.2%). We saw significant correlation with the magnitude of physiological change when analytes were compared for serially collected split samples [y(PSA) = 0.14x(PAP) + 0.00, r = 0.767], which indicates that a common factor is influencing this variation. The excellent analytical performance, tissue specificity, and small degree of intra-individual variance are characteristics that favor the measurement of PSA in serum for monitoring patients with prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Analytical and physiological characteristics of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serum compared. 244 7

Findings of bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP were compared with bone radiography and biochemical data including total acid phosphatase (T. ACP), prostatic acid phosphatase (P. ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in 35 patients with histologically proven prostatic cancer. Bone metastases were diagnosed in 20 of 35 cases (57%) by scintigraphy. The common sites of metastases were the pelvic bones, ribs, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. In vertebrae, metastases were mainly distributed in the lower level. The most frequent radiographic change due to metastases was the osteoblastic type. On follow-up studies, there was a relatively good agreement in the results of bone scintigraphy and radiography. However, there was a good number of cases showing discrepancy between either scintigraphy or radiography and laboratory data. Bone scintigraphy seems to be the most contributory in monitoring bone metastases from prostatic cancer.
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PMID:[Bone scintigraphy in bone metastases due to prostatic cancer]. 343 11

The value of serum acid phosphatase (S-ACP) as a marker of transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome was studied in 105 patients undergoing TURP. In ten patients who developed TUR syndrome the elevation of S-ACP was statistically significantly higher than in the rest of the patients. In seven patients prostatic cancer was diagnosed in the resection chips, but there were no differences in the S-ACP levels during TURP between these patients and the rest of the group. According to the present study, S-ACP seems to be a reliable and cheap marker of TUR syndrome, but the method is slow as compared to ethanol, which restricts its use.
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PMID:Serum acid phosphatase in TUR syndrome. 750 9

A novel poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane sensor responsive to 4-nitrophenylphosphate (4-NPP) substrate is described, characterized and used for the potentiometric assay of acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatase enzymes. The sensor is based on the use of the ion-association complex of 4-NPP anion with nickel(II)-bathophenanthroline cation as an electroactive material and nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a solvent mediator. The sensor displays good selectivity and stability and demonstrates a near-Nernstian response for 4-NPP over the concentration range 9.6x10(-6) to 1.0x10(-2) M with an anionic slope of 28.6+/-0.3 mV decade(-1) and a detection limit of 6.3x10(-6) M over the pH range 4.5-10. The sensor is used to measure the decrease of a fixed concentration of 4-NPP substrate as a function of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities at optimized conditions of pH and temperature. A linear relationship between the initial rate of 4-NPP substrate hydrolysis and enzyme activity holds over 0.05-3.0 and 0.03-3.4 IU L(-1) of ACP and ALP enzymes, respectively. Validation of the method by measuring the lower detection limit, range, accuracy, precision, within-day repeatability and between-day-variability reveals good performance characteristics of the proposed sensor. The sensor is used for the determination of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities in biological fluids of some patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis, acute myelocytic leukemia, pre-eclampsia and prostatic cancer. The sensor is also utilized for assessment of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in milk and dairy products. The results obtained agree fairly well with data obtained by the standard spectrophotometric methods.
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PMID:A simple-potentiometric method for determination of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in biological fluids and dairy products using a nitrophenylphosphate plastic membrane sensor. 1936 23

Prostate cancer is the most common visceral cancer in men. Many studies have shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. We systematically searched all relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Collaboration, CINAHL, Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects and ACP Journal Club) to March 2008. We also explored bibliographies of the articles, pertinent journals and conferences. We selected relevant articles according to predefined inclusion criteria by 2 independent reviewers. We used both fixed and random-effect models for meta-analysis. We performed subgroup and sensitivity analysis based on predefined variables. From 962 extracted articles, 20 met the inclusion criteria with a total of 25 768 participants. All the studies had an observational design. There was a statistically significant protective effect for NSAIDs on risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.97). Subgroup analysis did not show any effect of study design or quality score on the results. There was a small but statistically significant protective effect for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-1.00). Exposure to non-ASA NSAIDs was associated with a slightly reduced likelihood of prostate cancer (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-1.00). With the available data, we were not able to determine an optimum dosage for NSAIDs. We conclude that taking NSAIDs may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Nevertheless, the effect is small.
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PMID:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. 1967 48

Herein we describe the discovery of ACP-105 (1), a novel and potent nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) with partial agonist activity relative to the natural androgen testosterone. Compound 1 was developed from a series of compounds found in a HTS screen using the receptor selection and amplification technology (R-SAT). In vivo, 1 improved anabolic parameters in a 2-week chronic study in castrated male rats. In addition to compound 1, a number of potent antiandrogens were discovered from the same series of compounds whereof one compound, 13, had antagonist activity at the AR T877A mutant involved in prostate cancer.
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PMID:Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and characterization of novel nonsteroidal and selective androgen receptor modulators. 1985 21


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