Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined incidence time-trends for lung, stomach, intestinal, prostate, and breast cancer among Whites diagnosed in the United States between 1973 and 1987. For each sex and five-year age group, we modeled cancer incidence as a log-linear function of diagnosis-year to permit extrapolation over time and simple summarization of trends. Comparisons with nonparametric estimates show that, except for breast cancer, the model performs well. Plots of the annual percent change in incidence cf age illustrate the way in which time trends depend on age. Between 1973 and 1987, stomach cancer incidence decreased by about two percent per year. The annual change in lung cancer incidence progressed from a two to three percent decrease in persons under age 40 to an increase of two percent in men and eight percent in women by age 80. Intestinal cancer incidence decreased annually by as much as three percent in persons under age 50, remained constant in women aged 50 to 74, and otherwise increased about one percent per year. The annual increase in prostate cancer incidence declined from about six percent in men under age 40 to about two percent in men over age 80. After a surge in female breast-cancer diagnoses in 1974, the annual increase in incidence between 1980 and 1987 stabilized at four to six percent.
 ...
PMID:Exploring time trends in cancer incidence. 152 21

In order to project trends in mortality from 11 major cancer sites in Switzerland to the end of the current century, a log-linear Poisson age/period/cohort model with arbitrary constraints on the parameters was used, fitted to the observed rates for the period 1950-84. One projection was based on the assumption of a total absence of change in the effect of period, the second was based on a linear extrapolation of the logarithms of the seven known periods, and the third was related to a series of a priori external epidemiological hypotheses, whenever available. For instance, coefficients below unity were used for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms in men, since some decline in exposure to tobacco carcinogens was observed among Swiss men, and above unity for women since the prevalence of smoking has risen among successive generations of women. Although the method has limitations and uncertainties, several qualitative indications could be derived from this exercise. For instance, the various models suggest that the age-standardized mortality from oral cancer in men will probably increase up to the end of the century, even under the optimistic assumption of an appreciable decline in smoking, while cancer of the oesophagus is likely to level-off around current values, as other tobacco-related neoplasms, prostate cancer in men, and breast cancer in women will probably do. Some steady decline is predicted by various models fitted to the incidence of stomach and intestinal cancer in both sexes, and to ovarian cancer. Lung cancer will continue to rise in women but will stop rising in men, and it will possibly fall if the hypothesis of a decline in exposure to tobacco carcinogens proves correct. Although any prediction has, by definition, substantial difficulties and uncertainties, projections of cancer mortality in the near future are based on a substantial amount of information already available, and may offer valuable information for epidemiological inferences and health planning purposes.
 ...
PMID:The application of age, period and cohort models to predict Swiss cancer mortality. 232 65

In Italy, 28% of all deaths are due to cancer. Of the 15% of the population that is 65 years or older, 65% of cancer deaths occur in men and 69.5% in women. The proportional mortality and incidence of cancer in Italy varies with increasing age. All patients over 65 years are found to be at increased risk for intestinal cancers. In older men, the proportion of lung and urinary tract cancers decreases, while prostate, intestinal and gastric cancers increases. Prostate cancer predominates in men over 85 years and intestinal and gastric cancers are relatively more common than lung cancer. In women over age 74, intestinal cancer is most common. Breast, genital and lung cancers decrease rapidly with age, while stomach, liver, gallbladder and pancreatic cancers increase with age. The ratio of incidence to mortality for all cancers studied is shown to equalize with increased age, the probable result of lower hospitalization rates and less adequate cancer therapy for the elderly.
 ...
PMID:Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Elderly: Profile of the Italian Problem. 1088 2

Prostatic cancer (PC) is a frequent finding in aged men. In fact, 3% of males have the chance to die of PC. Radical prostatectomy by the retropubic approach with pelvic lymphadenectomy was made in 97 males. The treatment was performed in the urological department of the MSMSU urological chair from 1995 to 2001. 69 patients followed up for 3-64 months after the operation were eligible for analysis of the outcomes. The patients had the following PC stages: T1--11 patients, T2--44 patients, T3--14 patients. Prostate-specific antibodies ranged within 2.9-67.8 ng/ml (the mean level 16.7 ng/ml). The results of the treatment were satisfactory in 65 (94.2%) of 69 patients. The operation did not take more than 2.5 hours, mean blood loss was under 870 ml. Adequate urination after the catheter was removed resumed in 41 (59.4%) of 69 patients. Active urinary incontinence was observed within one year after the operation in 25 (36.2%) patients, total incontinence--in 3 (4.3%) patients. 51% patients retained the erectile function after nerve-sparing operation. Most of the patients had an unevenful postoperative period. During the follow-up 3 patients died of acute myocardial infarction (n = 1), intestinal cancer (n = 1) and distant PC metastases (n = 1). A postoperative fall in the PSA level under 0.3 ng/ml occurred in 49 (71%) patients, under 2 ng/ml in 7 patients (10%). In 19% of patients with pT2-3 the PCA rose over 2.0 ng/ml. Radical prostatectomy is indicated for patients with local prostatic cancer (stage T1 or T2) and probable survival from 10 to 15 years and longer. A nerve-sparing, sphincter-sparing and ablastic variant of this operation is widely used world-wide and is a method of choice for therapy of patients with retropubic prostatic cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Radical prostatectomy: surgical techniques and preliminary results]. 1281 17

Toward the goal of developing an optical imaging contrast agent that will enable surgeons to intraoperatively distinguish cancer foci from adjacent normal tissue, we developed a chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 (CTX:Cy5.5) bioconjugate that emits near-IR fluorescent signal. The probe delineates malignant glioma, medulloblastoma, prostate cancer, intestinal cancer, and sarcoma from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue in mouse models. Metastatic cancer foci as small as a few hundred cells were detected in lymph channels. Specific binding to cancer cells is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as evidenced by reduction of CTX:Cy5.5 binding in vitro and in vivo by a pharmacologic blocker of MMP-2 and induction of CTX:Cy5.5 binding in MCF-7 cells following transfection with a plasmid encoding MMP-2. Mouse studies revealed that CTX:Cy5.5 has favorable biodistribution and toxicity profiles. These studies show that CTX:Cy5.5 has the potential to fundamentally improve intraoperative detection and resection of malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Tumor paint: a chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 bioconjugate for intraoperative visualization of cancer foci. 1763 99

Chronic inflammation contributes to the development of prostate cancer in humans. Here, we show that male Apc(Min/+) mice also develop prostate carcinoma with increasing age, mimicking that seen in humans in their 5th or 6th decade of life. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly linked with cancer and increasing age in our mouse model; however, prostate and bowel tissues lacked evidence of inflammatory cell infiltrates other than mast cells. Lymphocytes protected against cancer, and protection from prostate cancer resided in antiinflammatory CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory (T(REG)) cells that downregulated inflammatory cytokines. Supplementation with syngeneic T(REG) cells collected from wild-type mice reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-9 (p < 0.001) and lowered prostate cancer risk (p < 0.05). Depletion of CD25(+) cells in 2-month-old animals increased the expression of IL-6 (p < 0.005) within prostate and increased the frequency of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (p < 0.05) and microinvasive prostatic carcinoma (p < 0.05) in dorsolateral prostate. Depletion of CD25(+) cells in young animals also increased the frequency of intestinal cancer in Min mice. Taken together, chronically elevated proinflammatory cytokines promoted carcinoma in Apc(Min/+) mice. T(REG) lymphocytes downregulated inflammation-associated carcinogenic processes and contributed to immune and epithelial homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:CD4+ lymphocytes modulate prostate cancer progression in mice. 1940 3

The objective of this analysis was to evaluate mortality among a cohort of 24,865 capacitor-manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at plants in Indiana, Massachusetts, and New York and followed for mortality through 2008. Cumulative PCB exposure was estimated using plant-specific job-exposure matrices. External comparisons to US and state-specific populations used standardized mortality ratios, adjusted for gender, race, age and calendar year. Among long-term workers employed 3 months or longer, within-cohort comparisons used standardized rate ratios and multivariable Poisson regression modeling. Through 2008, more than one million person-years at risk and 8749 deaths were accrued. Among long-term employees, all-cause and all-cancer mortality were not elevated; of the a priori outcomes assessed only melanoma mortality was elevated. Mortality was elevated for some outcomes of a priori interest among subgroups of long-term workers: all cancer, intestinal cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (women); melanoma (men); melanoma and brain and nervous system cancer (Indiana plant); and melanoma and multiple myeloma (New York plant). Standardized rates of stomach and uterine cancer and multiple myeloma mortality increased with estimated cumulative PCB exposure. Poisson regression modeling showed significant associations with estimated cumulative PCB exposure for prostate and stomach cancer mortality. For other outcomes of a priori interest--rectal, liver, ovarian, breast, and thyroid cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease--neither elevated mortality nor positive associations with PCB exposure were observed. Associations between estimated cumulative PCB exposure and stomach, uterine, and prostate cancer and myeloma mortality confirmed our previous positive findings.
 ...
PMID:Mortality among 24,865 workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in three electrical capacitor manufacturing plants: a ten-year update. 2370 56

Green tea is one of the most popular beverages around the world. For several decades, numerous epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols (GTPs), especially epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have cancer-preventing effects on various cancers. In this review, we present inhibition of carcinogenesis in different animal models by GTPs or EGCG, including prostate cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, intestinal cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, oral cancer and skin cancer. In vitro studies showed that GTPs/EGCG potently induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppresses metastasis in tumor cells but not in their normal cell counterparts. The molecular mechanisms of these activities are discussed in detail to elucidate GTPs/EGCG downstream carcinogenesis signaling pathways and their values of perspective of chemoprevention and treatment for cancers.
...
PMID:Downstream carcinogenesis signaling pathways by green tea polyphenols: a translational perspective of chemoprevention and treatment for cancers. 2432 11

Essential facts Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK, after breast, lung and prostate cancer, with around 41,600 people in the UK diagnosed each year. It is the second most common cause of cancer death in the UK. According to the charity Bowel Cancer UK, 98% of people diagnosed at the earliest stage will survive, while less than 10% of those diagnosed at the latest stage will survive more than five years.
...
PMID:Colorectal cancer. 2688 13