Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Problems in the treatment of early urogenital cancer were discussed. Bladder cancer: Prevention of recurrence of superficial tumor and early diagnosis of microinvasive cancer are important. Renal cancer: Ultrasound study is helpful method for the purpose of early detection of asymptomatic renal cancer. Prostatic cancer: It is necessary to produce the method which detects early prostatic cancer. Testicular cancer: The combination chemotherapy including cis-platinum is very effective.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of early urogenital cancer]. 674 40

Within urological practice, three important types of cancer seem to be under endocrine influence or develop in endocrine-dependent organs: prostate cancer, hypernephroma and testicular tumors. Endocrine therapy is not used in testicular cancer, its value in renal cell carcinoma is limited, whereas it is a dominant form of therapy for prostate cancer. There seems to be a definite relation between androgen receptor content in primary prostatic carcinoma and response to hormonal manipulations. The presence of estrogen receptors is not well documented and probably the major effect of estrogen therapy is indirect, being exerted via the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Progestin receptors are present in hyperplastic prostate as well as in prostate cancer and may indicate cases sensitive to progestin therapy. The assay method still needs considerable refinement before it can be introduced into clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Steroid receptors in urological malignancies. 694 77

Screening for cancer should not be offered routinely to a symptomatic people on a population basis unless it has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality in randomised controlled trials. A suitable screening test should have high sensitivity and specificity and a high positive predictive value. There is an ethical imperative to ensure that the benefit to each person from screening is likely to outweight the possible harm. Preliminary studies have identified suitable screening tests for ovarian cancer, and a randomised controlled trail is about to start. There is considerable controversy about whether to screen for prostatic cancer. Likewise, there is uncertainty about the best means of treating localised prostatic cancer. Screening for prostatic cancer raises important ethical considerations which should not be ignored. Testicular self examination is of unproved benefit. Although there is a need for education about the early signs and symptoms of testicular cancer to reduce delay at presentation, a case cannot be made for screening.
 ...
PMID:Screening for ovarian, prostatic, and testicular cancers. 808 99

Alterations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene appear to be important in the development of many human tumors. The wild-type p53 gene has a polymorphism at codon 72 that presents the arginine (CGC) or proline (CCC) genotype, which recently has been reported to be associated with genetically determined susceptibility to smoking-related lung cancers. To determine whether this p53 genotype influences individual risk of urologic cancer and/or its progression, we used polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis to assay the allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in 85 renal cell carcinoma patients, 151 urothelial cancer patients, 33 testicular cancer patients, 28 prostatic cancer patients and 56 patients without neoplastic disease. The allelic distributions of the three genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, Pro/Pro) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (29.4%, 55.3%, 15.3%), urothelial cancers (45.7%, 39.7%, 14.6%), testicular cancer (45.4%, 48.5%, 6.1%) or prostate cancer (42.9%, 50.0%, 7.1%) did not differ significantly from those in the normal controls. However, Pro/Pro genotype in renal cell carcinoma and urothelial cancer (smoking-related cancers) was more frequent than that in prostate cancer and testicular cancer (smoking-unrelated cancers) with borderline significance (P = 0.0881). There was no particular correlation between frequency of the three genotypes and grade or stage of each type of tumor. The association of genetic predisposition to urologic cancers with p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism is not so clear as the previous study of Japanese lung cancer patients, but this polymorphism may play some role in urothelial cancers and renal cell carcinoma, in which smoking is an epidemiological risk factor.
 ...
PMID:Allelic frequency of p53 gene codon 72 polymorphism in urologic cancers. 755 95

Generally it is believed that mammalian sperm mature during their transit through the whole epididymis. However spermatozoa aspirated from the epididymal duct or vasa defferentia have been recently reported to move actively in azoospermic patients with seminal tract obstruction. We examined whether the testicular sperm move which would provide useful information in the diagnosis of male infertility. Testicular biopsy materials were obtained from 38 testes of 37 patients as follows; 19 cases with azoospermia, 11 with oligozoospermia, and 8 orchiectomized for prostatic cancer (3), testicular cancer (2), epididymal abscess (1), and cryptorchid (2). All materials were obtained from either open biopsy or from the normal portion of the orchiectomized testis. The material was minced with a sharp knife or scissors in an Eppendorf tube containing Ham's F12 solution. Then a couple of drops of sperm suspension were placed on a warmed (37 degrees C) slide glass which was then covered with a coverglass. The prepared slide was immediately examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Another part was used for preparing a touch smear for confirming the presence of testicular sperm and then was fixed in Bouin's solution and stained with H-E. Spermatogenesis was evaluated by Johnsen's mean score (JMS). Eleven of the 19 azoospermic cases revealed the presence of testicular sperm, and ten of them demonstrated the presence of motile sperm. The mean JMS in these cases was 8.8 (normal spermatogenesis). After surgical exploration or vasography, these patients were diagnosed with obstructive azoospermia (post-vasectomy (4 cases), congenital absence of vas deferens (2 cases), secondary epididymal duct obstruction (4 cases)).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Significance of the motile sperm presented in the testis]. 759 83

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome, and hereditary tylosis are bona fide genodermatoses with malignant potential. Each of these conditions is associated with an increased incidence of certain tumors: Wilms' tumor, adrenocortical carcinomas, pancreatoblastomas, and hepatoblastomas in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome; intraocular malignant melanoma, pancreatic carcinoma, and noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancers in familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome; and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in hereditary tylosis. Other cancer-related genodermatoses are Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome (associated with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and renal cell carcinoma) and its variant, Hornstein-Knickenberg syndrome (associated with colon carcinoma). Kidney tumors (Wilms' tumor and malignant rhabdoid tumor), leukemias (acute myelogenous and acute myelomonocytic), retinoblastoma, and paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma have been reported recently in children with another genodermatosis-incontinentia pigmenti. Supernumerary nipples (polythelia) may be sporadic or familial in occurrence; their presence has been associated with an increased incidence of renal adenocarcinoma, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, and urinary bladder carcinoma. The general characteristics, mucosal and skin manifestations, and noncutaneous features of all these conditions are reviewed. Also, the associated malignancies of these genodermatoses and other conditions that are characterized by dermatologic manifestations and may be either familial or secondary to an inherited gene defect are summarized.
 ...
PMID:Miscellaneous genodermatoses: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome, hereditary tylosis, incontinentia pigmenti, and supernumerary nipples. 771 45

The associations between recreational and occupational physical activity and the subsequent risk of prostate and testicular cancer were examined in a population-based cohort study of 53,242 men in Norway. Age at study entry was 19 to 50 years. Information on physical activity was based on questionnaire responses and a brief clinical examination. A total of 220 prostate and 47 testicular cancer cases were recorded in the Cancer Registry of Norway during a mean follow-up time of 16.3 years. We found a nonsignificant, reduced, adjusted relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer with increased level of physical activity at work and among those men with the greatest recreational physical activity. When occupational and recreational physical activity were combined, a reduced adjusted risk of prostate cancer was observed among men who walked during occupational hours and performed either moderate recreational activity (RR = 0.61, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.36 to 1.01) or regular recreational training (RR = 0.45, CI = 0.20 to 1.01) relative to sedentary men (test for trend, P = 0.03). Physically active men who were older than 60 years of age at diagnosis showed a reduced adjusted RR of borderline significance, while no association was observed for younger men. No evidence was found for any association between physical activity and testicular cancer regardless of physical activity at work and recreation.
 ...
PMID:Physical activity and the risk of prostate and testicular cancer: a cohort study of 53,000 Norwegian men. 782 42

GU cancers are commonly associated with treatment-related sexual dysfunction, varying from mild to severe. For the clinical oncologist, it is important to be aware that sexual problems or sexual dysfunction may occur as a result of any aspect of cancer and cancer treatment. Sexual function is sensitive to the effects of trauma, both physical and emotional. This is particularly the case for patients whose cancer affects their genitals. Despite some commonalities of psychosocial and psychosexual issues in GU patients across diagnostic categories, GU patients do not present as one distinct, homogeneous group. GU neoplasms, with the exception of bladder cancer, affect mostly men. Men and women tend to differ in their ways of dealing with emotional distress and physical illness. While the man may typically do well using denial as a defense and may not want to discuss his feelings about his diagnosis and treatment, his partner may suffer if her way of coping is oriented toward communicating thoughts and feelings about the situation. Another important difference in this population is related to age and developmental differences. Testicular cancer typically is diagnosed in young men between the ages of 15 and 34 (46). The patients often still live with their parents or have just formed families of their own. In contrast, prostate cancer is diagnosed in older men, who are at a completely different stage in their lives when they have to deal with this challenge. Developmental stage at the time of diagnosis and treatment is an important variable in adaptation to cancer (47). Since GU malignancies and their treatments directly or indirectly affect sexual organs and sexual functioning, issues of sexual body image and identity as men or women are frequent concerns for GU patients. This is most obviously the case for men facing penectomy or orchiectomy. Similarly, women undergoing cystectomy with its simultaneous removal of uterus, ovaries, and parts of the vaginal wall face issues regarding their femininity as well as doubts about future sexual functioning. However, body image concerns are not limited to these two groups but may affect any cancer patient. The experience of having lost all hair due to chemotherapy, bearing of surgical scars, lost or altered functioning, and just the realization of having had cancer may change the way a patient feels about his/her body permanently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Preservation of function in genitourinary cancers: psychosexual and psychosocial issues. 783 66

Many case reports have suggested an association between Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and cancer, but studies of the cancer incidence in larger groups of men with KS are lacking. A cohort of 696 men with KS was established from the Danish Cytogenetic Register. Information on the cancer incidence in the cohort was obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry and compared with the expected number calculated from the age, period and site specific cancer rates for Danish men. A total of 39 neoplasms were diagnosed (relative risk = 1.1). Four mediastinal tumours were observed (relative risk = 67); all four were malignant germ cell tumours. No cases of breast cancer or testis cancer were observed. One case of prostate cancer occurred within a previously irradiated field. No excess of leukaemia or lymphoma was found. An increased risk of cancer occurred in the age group 15-30 years (relative risk = 2.7). All six tumours in this group were germ cell tumours or sarcomas. The overall cancer incidence is not increased and no routine cancer screening seems to be justified. A considerably elevated risk of mediastinal germ cell tumours occurs in the period from early adolescence until the age of 30.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence in men with Klinefelter syndrome. 784 Oct 64

The incidence and mortality rate of urogenital cancers in Japan are both low compared to those in western countries. However, the incidence and mortality patterns of cancer in Japan are currently becoming closer to those of western countries, and the importance of urogenital cancers is increasing. We conducted an analysis of urogenital cancers in Gunma Prefecture. The subjects were newly detected urogenital cancer patients living in Gunma Prefecture diagnosed between 1985 and 1992. Details were as follows: prostate cancer 1411, bladder cancer 1253 (male 937, female 316), renal cell carcinoma 411 (male 287, female 124), renal pelvic and ureter cancer 187 (male 127, female 60) and testicular cancer 162. Incidence rate was calculated by year, district and age, and was expressed per 100,000/year and was adjusted to world population. Regarding the incidence rate per year for males, that of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma increased dramatically from 8.3 to 13.6 and from 1.1 to 3.2, respectively. Incidence rate of other cancers in males showed a slight increase or remained almost stable. Incidence rate by year for females showed a slight increase or remained almost stable as a whole. Gunma Prefecture was divided into 10 districts by the range of daily life of people and the incidence rates of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma for each district were calculated. Incidence rate of prostate cancer tended to be higher in the northern parts of the prefecture, while that of bladder cancer showed no detectable trend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[An epidemiological study of urogenital cancer in Gunma Prefecture]. 786 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>