Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) from 1972 to 1975 were used to study the descriptive epidemiology of testicular cancer and prostatic cancer. The very high black/white ratio and late age peak of cancer of the prostate contrasted sharply with the very low ratio and early age peak of testicular cancer. However, both sites had higher rates among upper occupational and social class groupings. Avalable descriptive and analytical research suggests that the etiology of prostatic cancer is most probably related to hormonal influences rather than to a horizontally transmitted agent, while the etiology of testicular cancer is most probably related to endogenous or exogenous hormonal influences in utero or in infancy, or to in utero exposure to other exogenous agents.
 ...
PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of testicular and prostatic cancer in Los Angeles. 46 98

The aim of the present study is to analyse the response in patients with cancer of the urogenital region to a primary antigen 2-4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). A total of 69 patients with neoplastic disease were studied (13 cases with kidney cancer, 34 cases with bladder cancer, 13 cases with prostatic cancer, 5 cases with testicular cancer, one case with penis cancer, and 3 cases with cancer of the cervix, comparatively with 13 patients with non-malignant urological diseases. Whereas in the control group, 78% of the patients gave a positive skin reaction to DNCB, 15% of the patients with kidney cancer, 56% of the patients with bladder cancer, 69% of the patients with prostatic cancer and 60% of the patients with testicular cancer gave a positive reaction. If we consider the stages of the disease, the reaction was positive, in 91% of bladder cancer at stage I and in 47% at stages II and III in 100% of prostatic cancer at stage I and in 62% at stages II and III, in 60% of testicular cancer at stage IV (but 100% of seminomas and 0% of dysembryomas have a positive reaction). It would therefore seem that a correlation exists between the degree of the extension of the disease and the skin reaction to DNCB.
 ...
PMID:Cutaneous response to dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with genito-urinary cancers. 85 14

Between 250,000 and 300,000 US men undergo vasectomy each year. The Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception has performed almost 400,000 vasectomies worldwide since 1982. 2 hospital-based case control studies indicate a 1.7-5 fold increased risk of prostate cancer in vasectomized patients, but other studies do not find this association. Besides, there is no biologic basis for such an association. A theoretical relationship does exist between testicular cancer and vasectomy, however, since testicular biopsy studies reveal abnormalities, perhaps secondary to back pressure. No epidemiologic studies have yet found such a link, though. In China, some 8 million men have undergone the no-scalpel vasectomy developed in the 1970s. This technique has fewer complications than the traditional technique (e.g., a hematoma rate of only .08%). Indeed, hematomas are the most common complication. Other complications include epididymitis, congested epididymis, and sperm granuloma. The open-ended vasectomy (proximal testicular end of vas left open and closure of the distal end) reduces postoperative testicular and epididymal discomfort and increases the likelihood of vas reversal (1 surgeon reports a success rate of 100%). Regardless of the vasectomy technique, vas reanastomosis is more likely to be successful if performed within 5 years after the vasectomy (e.g., 1 study reported a pregnancy rate of 52% for reanastomosis within 5 years vs. 30% for 5 years; p .02). Physicians recommend a postvasectomy semen analysis after 20 ejaculations to determine if azoospermia has been achieved. If not, another analysis is needed after 10 more postvasectomy ejaculations. If motile sperm still exist, the vasectomy has failed. Yet, many men (36-45% in the US) do not return for analysis. Return visits are often difficult, impractical, and embarrassing for men, so physicians should suggest patients use condoms until after they have achieved a predetermined number of ejaculations to ensure protection against pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Male sterilization. 132 23

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of cis-diammine(glycolato)platinum (254-S), a second-generation anticancer platinum complex, in the treatment of genitourinary cancers. 254-S was given i.v. at 100 mg/m2 at 4-week intervals. As a result, 2 complete responses (CRs) and 8 partial responses (PRs) were obtained in 35 patients with transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder or pyeloureter, 3 PRs were obtained in 16 subjects with prostatic cancer, and 6 CRs and 6 PRs were obtained in 15 patients with testicular cancer, generating objective response rates of 28.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.6%-46.3%], 18.8% (95% CI, 4.0%-45.6%), and 80.0% (95% CI, 51.9%-95.7%), respectively. Bone marrow suppression was the dose-limiting toxicity, although it was reversible. Although no hydration was performed in approx. 40% of the patients, the incidence of nephrotoxic effects was low and most of those encountered were mild, the exception being one patient who showed severe renal insufficiency after the first treatment. Nausea and vomiting occurred in approx. 70% of the patients, but most gastrointestinal toxicities were controlled without antiemetic treatment. In addition, liver-function impairment was rarely observed. We conclude that 254-S is a promising cisplatin analogue for the treatment of genitourinary cancers and is worthy of further investigation in large-scale, randomized comparative studies with other platinum derivatives in both single-agent and combination regimens.
 ...
PMID:Phase II study of cis-diammine(glycolato)platinum, 254-S, in patients with advanced germ-cell testicular cancer, prostatic cancer, and transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. 254-S Urological Cancer Study Group. 133 48

In 1989, 14,150 men died from urological cancer in France: 64% of these deaths were due to prostatic cancer, which represents the second highest cause of male cancer mortality in France. Deaths from urological cancer are mainly observed after 50 years of age, with a frequency which increases very rapidly with age, except for testicular cancer for which one out of every two deaths occurs between 20 and 45 years of age. Between 1968 and 1989, increased mortality was observed in males due to prostate cancer and kidney cancers, whereas a decreased mortality was observed for testicular cancer, especially in males between 20 and 45 years of age. Mortality was stable for bladder cancer and cancer of the penis. In females during the same period, mortality was stable for cancer of the kidney and bladder. During the period 1979 to 1984, a significant increase in mortality due to bladder cancer was observed in certain Northern departments and those surrounding the Mediterranean basin, although the mortality for other cancer sites is generally lower in this latter region. A significant increase in mortality was also observed for cancer of the kidney in Auvergne and in Alsace-Lorraine. Regarding prostatic cancer, geographical variations are minor and no particular region with an increased or decreased mortality could be identified.
 ...
PMID:[Urologic cancer mortality in France]. 148 95

We used a needs assessment questionnaire to survey a primarily adult oncology population and their significant others, to gauge their interest in a cancer screening program. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of developing a cancer prevention and detection program for this group of individuals. Although there was overwhelming interest in participating in the program, the subjects held varied opinions about the program's benefits. Differences correlated with personal and familial history of cancer and, in some categories, were quite significant. Additional questionnaire information related to patients' preference in the design of a cancer screening program. The majority preferred the screening examination to be performed by both nurses and physicians. In selecting what should be included in examinations, those surveyed chose testicular cancer and prostate cancer the least number of times. Results of this questionnaire can be used to demonstrate the need for nurses to take an active role in the screening process, especially in patient education.
 ...
PMID:Oncology patients' and their significant others' responses to a proposed cancer prevention/detection program. 154 32

An attempt to determine whether vasectomy is associated with an increased risk of diseases, in particular testicular cancer, following surgery, is discussed. 6 health districts in the Oxford region were the site for this retrospective cohort study which used linked medical record abstracts and which evaluated 13,246 men ages 25-49 years who had undergone vasectomy between 1970-86. There were 22,196 controls who were admitted during the same time period for 1 of 3 specified elective surgeries, appendicitis, or injury. The mean durations for followup were 6.6 years for men with vasectomy and 7.5 years for those with a comparison condition. The relative risk of cancer of the testis in the vasectomy cohort (4 cases) compared with that in other cohorts (17 cases) was .46 (95% confidence interval .1-1.4), that of cancer of the prostate (1 of 5 cases) .44 (.1-4.0), and that of myocardial infarction (97 of 226 cases) 1.00 (.8-1.3). There was no evidence of an increase associated with vasectomy in the incidence of a range of other diseases. Vasectomy was thus not associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer or other diseases studied. With regard to prostate cancer, while there was no cause for concern found, longer periods of observation on large numbers of men are necessary.
 ...
PMID:Incidence of disease after vasectomy: a record linkage retrospective cohort study. 157 75

Diethylstilboestrol is still used as an adjunct palliative treatment in certain patients with breast and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological, toxicological and carcinogenic properties are reviewed. In addition to the usual untoward effects following subacute or chronic administration of oestrogens, treatment with diethylstilboestrol has been associated with serious cardiovascular sequelae. Most characteristic are, however, the carcinogenic properties of this drug. Many epidemiological data provide evidence that prenatal exposure to diethylstilboestrol is causally associated with vaginal and cervical clear-cell adenocarcinomas, a very rare type of cancer in the unexposed female population. The intrauterine exposure of males leads to an increased risk of testicular cancer, although the data are less conclusive in this respect. There is some evidence that administration of diethylstilboestrol in large doses to adult women during pregnancy increases the risk of subsequent breast cancer and it probably increases the incidence of endometrial carcinoma, as has been shown with other similar oestrogens given chronically for menopausal symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Diethylstilboestrol: I, Pharmacology, Toxicology and carcinogenicity in humans. 162 92

We conducted a series of case-control studies to investigate the risks of 16 cancer types in relation to occupational physical activity. These studies were based on Missouri Cancer Registry data for 17,147 White male cancer patients registered between 1984 and 1989. Colon cancer risk was increased for both the moderate (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0, 1.3) and low (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5) activity levels. Similar elevations were observed for prostate cancer at the moderate (OR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.3) and low (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2, 1.8) levels of activity, and for cancer of the testis at the low activity level (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.3, 3.7). An opposite trend (p less than 0.01) was noted for lung cancer, which showed decreased risk at the moderate (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.8, 1.0) and low (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.6, 0.9) activity levels. These associations suggest that further study of the relationship between physical activity and site-specific cancer risk is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri. 201 69

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 15 of 20 surgical specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, Wilms tumor and adrenal cancer. Expansion was carried out in four different culture conditions, each containing 1000 U/ml interleukin-2: RPMI medium with or without 20% (by volume) of lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) supernatant and AIM V medium with or without 20% LAK supernatant. The resultant cell populations were then assayed for cytotoxicity against a variety of autologous and allogeneic tumor targets and phenotypic analysis was performed with fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies. TIL growth was unrelated to the initial percentage of lymphocytes or tumor cells present in the enzymatically dispersed specimens or whether fresh or cryopreserved tissue was utilized. Better growth was seen in AIM V than in RPMI medium (P = 0.013); the beneficial effect of the addition of LAK supernatant to RPMI was indicated (P = 0.065), and the addition of LAK supernatant to AIM V did not improve the ability to culture TIL (P = 0.5) from these cancers. TIL in long-term culture were predominantly CD3+. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells varied with time in culture and culture medium, but most cultures eventually became CD4+. Cells bearing B cell, natural killer cell, and macrophage markers disappeared early in culture. Overall 14/15 TIL samples were lytic against one of the autologous and allogeneic targets tested, but specific lysis against the autologous tumor from which it was derived was seen in only one TIL culture originating from a bladder cancer. Our results suggest that TIL can be expanded to therapeutic levels from a variety of urological malignancies and that their potential role in future therapy should be further explored.
 ...
PMID:Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from nonrenal urological malignancies. 210 45


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>