Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormones may act as promoters in the carcinogenic process, and occasionally their metabolites may act as antihormones or have new physiologic effects. Drugs can interact with the endocrine system in many ways. They can promote secretion of a hormone, alter its rate of removal from plasma, change plasma protein-binding characteristics, or modify routes of metabolism. Estrogens have a preparative effect on the uterine endometrium. There are biologic, clinical and epidemiologic reasons for believing that estrogen administration to postmenopausal women increases the risk for endometrial cancer. Although there are similar biologic reasons to associate prolonged estrogenic stimulation with breast cancerr, evidence for such an association is weak. Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a variety of hepatocellular tumors. Although estrogens, per se, can effect several hepatic functions, it seems likely that the 17 alpha-alkyl and 17 alpha-ethinyl functions of the progestins and estrogens are involved in this process. The role of estrogen use during pregnancy in the causation of vaginal cancer in female offspring and the role of androgens in prostate cancer have been discussed.
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PMID:Interaction of drugs, hormones, and nutrition in the causes of cancer. 37 2

The paper presents a retrospective evaluation of 47 patients with bone metastases treated surgically during the last 10 years at our ward. The mean age of the patients was 62.5 years. There were 31 females (mean age: 62.8 years) and 16 males (mean age: 62.3 years). In 37 cases (78.8%) it as possible to establish the primary localization of the tumour: breast carcinoma--16 cases, ovary cancer 5 cases, lung cancer--5 cases, prostate cancer--5 cases, kidney cancer--2 cases, stomach cancer--1 case, vagina cancer--1 case, hepatocarcinoma--1 cases and plasmocytoma--1 cases. In 10 cases (21.1%) we were unable to establish the primary focus of the tumour. The localization of the metastases was as follows: femur--32 cases, humerus--6 cases, tibia--3 cases, lumbar spine--1 case. Patients treated very briefly after qualification for surgery, in some cases during emergency service. In 2 cases of metastases to the tibia amputations at the femur were performed. The remaining patients were treated by local excisions of the metastatic tumours, followed by: in 33 cases internal osteosynthesis and bone cement application; in 7 cases osteosynthesis, in 4 cases hip arthroplasties and posterior spine instrumentation in 1 case. In 6.4% we had poor results because of the death of 3 patients. The mean follow-up was three months. In 93.6% we had good and very good results--no pain, good function and independence during daily activities. Mean survival time was 13.5 month (range 5-28 months).
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PMID:[Efficacy of operative treatment for pathological fractures in bone metastases in relation to length and comfort of survival]. 1138 15

On November 19,1945, President Truman outlined a Prepaid Medical Insurance Plan for all people through the Social Security System. Because of its comprehensive nature, it was coined "National Health Insurance." On July 30,1965, President Johnson signed the Medicare and Medicaid bill (Title XVII and Title XIX of the Social Security Act). Today, many groups of people are covered by Medicaid. However, there are strict requirements that may vary from state to state. Medicare offers the following types of medical heath care plans to include the original Medicare plan that is a "fee for service" plan. The individual may stay in the original plan unless he/she chooses to join a Medicare+ Choice Plan or a Medigap Plan. Most individuals will receive Medicare Part A when they are 65 without paying a premium because it has been deducted annually through their tax payments before the age of 65. Medicare Part A helps pay for the following: inpatient hospital care, skilled nursing facility, hospice care, and some home health care. Medicare Part B, however, must be paid by the individual through premiums to the Federal government. Medicare Part B medical insurance pays for doctors' services, outpatient services, and some other services that Medicare Part A doesn't cover. In an effort to supplement one's health care coverage, the individual may select either a Medicare+ Choice Plan or a Medigap Policy. The Medicare+ Choice Plan has four different types: Medicare Managed Care Plans, Medicare Private Fee for Service Plan, Medicare Preferred Provider Plans, and Medicare Specialty Plans. If one selects a Medigap policy, one may choose either a Medigap SELECT Policy or the standard Medigap policy. The front of a Medigap Policy must clearly identify it as a "Medicare Supplement Insurance." One must be carefully advised of the selection of the Medigap Policy. The Medicare Part B has a wide range of preventative services, including tests for breast cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and colorectal cancer; bone mass measurements; diabetes monitoring and diabetes self-management; flu, pneumonia, Hepatitis B shots, and prostate cancer screening tests. It is important to emphasize that Medicare and Medicare supplemental insurance policies do not pay for home health care, such as durable medical equipment. Because of the enormous complexity of the wide variety of health insurance plans and their billing strategies, many physicians are electing to charge their patients an additional fee for being part of their practice. In return for their annual fee, their patients receive immediate cell phone access to their doctor 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. In addition, they receive same-day appointments and on-time appointments. They also spend as much time with their doctors as they wish. It is not surprising that there is growing evidence that the privately insured patient with a life-threatening illness will live longer than those individuals who have the same disease but have public insurance only. Legislatures are well aware of this crisis in medical care that must be corrected immediately.
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PMID:Government and private insurance medical programs as well as MDVIP, an update. 1530 67

Brachytherapy is an important radio-therapeutic modality for a variety of malignancies, including prostate cancer, cervix cancer, breast cancer, vagina cancer, endometrium cancer, head and neck cancer, and many more. This technique has been shown to be an effective and safe non-pharmaceutical treatment with fewer serious complications and better outcome than other treatments for breast cancer. Every year, hundreds of thousands of patients around the world benefit from brachytherapy, which reliably delivers a relatively higher radiation dose to the intended target. However, the follow-up time, patient eligibility criteria, treatment strategy, and radiation doses used in published studies are somewhat inconsistent, making it difficult to strictly compare and evaluate the performance of the treatment. More rigorous studies are required to confirm the safety of this technique and to make outcome data more comparable. In this review, we focus on recent advances in breast brachytherapy techniques and provide an overview of outcomes, cosmetic outcome, toxicity, complications, and limitations of brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. We also summarize the clinical outcomes and toxicity results in patients receiving or not receiving brachytherapy.
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PMID:Brachytherapy in the treatment of breast cancer. 2866