Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Soy isoflavones, the focus of much research and controversy, are often referred to as "weak estrogens". In fact, genistein is a relatively potent agonist for the recently characterized beta isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERbeta). The low nanomolar serum concentrations of unconjugated free genistein achieved with high-nutritional intakes of soy isoflavones are near the binding affinity of genistein for this receptor, but are about an order of magnitude lower than genistein's affinity for the "classical" alpha isoform of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha). Moreover, these concentrations are far too low to inhibit tyrosine kinases or topoisomerase II, in vitro activities of genistein often cited as potential mediators of its physiological effects. The thesis that these physiological effects are in fact mediated by ERbeta activation provides a satisfying rationale for genistein's clinical activities. Hepatocytes do not express ERbeta; this explains why soy isoflavones, unlike oral estrogen, neither modify serum lipids nor provoke the prothrombotic effects associated with increased risk for thromboembolic disorders. The lack of uterotrophic activity of soy isoflavones reflects the fact that ERalpha is the exclusive mediator of estrogen's impact in this regard. Vascular endothelium expresses both ERalpha and ERbeta, each of which has the potential to induce and activate nitric oxide synthase; this may account for the favorable influence of soy isoflavones on endothelial function in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. The ERbeta expressed in osteoblasts may mediate the reported beneficial impact of soy isoflavones on bone metabolism. Suggestive evidence that soy-rich diets decrease prostate cancer risk, accords well with the observation that ERbeta appears to play an antiproliferative role in healthy prostate. In the breast, ERalpha promotes epithelial proliferation, whereas ERbeta has a restraining influence in this regard - consistent with the emerging view that soy isoflavones do not increase breast cancer risk, and possibly may diminish it. Premenopausal women enjoy a relative protection from kidney failure; since ERbeta is an antagonist of TGF-beta signaling in mesangial cells, soy isoflavones may have nephroprotective potential. Estrogen also appears to protect women from left ventricular hypertrophy, and recent evidence suggests that this effect is mediated by ERbeta. In conjunction with reports that isoflavones may have a modestly beneficial impact on menopausal symptoms - perhaps reflecting the presence of ERbeta in the hypothalamus - these considerations suggest that soy isoflavone regimens of sufficient potency may represent a safe and moderately effective alternative to HRT in postmenopausal women. Further clinical research is required to characterize the impact of optimal genistein intakes on endothelial and bone function in men. Studies with ERbeta-knockout mice could be helpful for clarifying whether ERbeta does indeed mediate the chief physiological effects of low nanomolar genistein. S-equol, a bacterial metabolite of daidzein, has an affinity for ERbeta nearly as high as that of genistein; whether this compound contributes meaningfully to the physiological efficacy of soy isoflavones in some individuals is still unclear.
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PMID:Isoflavones made simple - genistein's agonist activity for the beta-type estrogen receptor mediates their health benefits. 1651 88

This study discusses the unique characteristics of a comprehensive community-based model for hospice care. The data demonstrate that community-based hospice programs serve a population composed primarily of Medicare patients 75 years and older. It also addresses the primary clinical diagnoses for hospice patients, which include lung cancer, cognitive disability, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, chronic airway obstruction, colon cancer, renal failure, and prostate cancer. Finally, the study found that the primary caregiver for community-based hospice patients is the spouse, followed by other family members.
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PMID:A comprehensive community-based model for hospice care. 1750 36

Rhabdomyolysis is a potential adverse consequence of statin therapy. Here, we report a patient with prostate cancer being treated with simvastatin who developed rhabdomyolysis after coadministration with fluconazole. The rhabdomyolysis promptly resolved after discontinuation of fluconazole, suggesting the possible role of drug interaction in the development of rhabdomyolysis with coadministration of the two medications. Both simvastatin and fluconazole were promptly discontinued, and the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, where vigorous hydration along with urine alkalinization led to resolution of rhabdomyolysis. Since statins are commonly prescribed treatments for individuals with hyperlipidemia, caution is advised in coadministration with azoles such as fluconazole. Although supportive treatment remains the mainstay of therapy for patients with rhabdomyolysis, fatal consequences can arise from hyperkalemia, cardiac arrhythmia, renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Rhabdomyolysis induced by simvastatin-fluconazole combination. 1848 86

Ureteric obstruction causing renal failure is a serious complication of advanced prostate cancer. Percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are used to decompress the obstructed kidney(s). This study aims to identify whether bilateral PCN insertion confers any advantage over unilateral PCN insertion for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction. In a cohort of 25 patients, 18 underwent bilateral and 7 underwent unilateral PCN insertion. The mean survival time following PCN was 7.5 months for all patients. The data suggest that the nadir serum creatinine after PCN insertion was similar, independent of whether one or two nephrostomies were inserted. There was also little difference in the serum creatinine levels at the time of death, suggesting that survival after PCN insertion is based on the aggressiveness of the prostate cancer as opposed to the number of nephrostomies inserted.
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PMID:Nephrostomy insertion for patients with bilateral ureteric obstruction caused by prostate cancer. 1915 85

While intravenous (IV) bisphosphonates are well established in managing metastatic bone disease and hypercalcemia of malignancy, oral bisphosphonates are the primary treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The availability of a well-tolerated, effective, IV bisphosphonate regimen for postmenopausal osteoporosis would increase physicians' options, allowing treatment of patients who cannot tolerate oral therapy, for whom oral bisphosphonates should be avoided or patients who are unable to comply with the oral dosing recommendations. Ibandronate is a potent, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, with proven efficacy and good tolerability when administered intermittently either orally or intravenously. Preclinical experience in animal models with IV ibandronate indicated that it had good renal tolerability. These data are supported by clinical pharmacology studies. Prolonged follow-up of patients receiving intermittent IV 15-30 second injections of 0.5-3 mg IV ibandronate has demonstrated no clinical evidence of renal toxicity in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. What is seen in controlled studies is not always the case in uncontrolled studies, however, no reports of renal failure have been received in post-marketing surveillance of >500,000 patients receiving IV ibandronate infusions in various indications including metastatic breast and prostate cancer. The good renal tolerability of IV ibandronate in patients with osteoporosis with glomerular filtration rates >30 mL/minute and without renal co-morbid conditions is reassuring.
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PMID:Renal tolerability of intermittent intravenous ibandronate treatment for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review. 1921 Aug 86

Currently, renal failure patients with a history of prostate cancer are recommended to have a 2 to 5-year disease-free interval prior to being allowed to receive a kidney transplant. This disease is now amenable to curative therapy if diagnosed at an early stage when the tumor is organ-confined. We report a patient undergoing immediate renal transplantation following a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Candidates for renal transplantation who are diagnosed with early stage, organ-confined prostate cancer may be immediately considered for transplantation following radical prostatectomy in view of the high likelihood of cure of their prostate cancer.
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PMID:Is localized prostate cancer an obstacle for an immediate consideration for renal transplantation? A case report. 1954 67

Although prostate cancer is among the most frequent malignancies in the elderly, this tumor may be under-reported, and it seems that its socioeconomic burden is not well-estimated. Chronic urinary obstruction caused by the cancer may cause renal failure, with hemorrhagic tendency, neurologic disturbances, cutaneous disorders, and diverse fingernail changes. Black or brown nail pigmentation has been associated with benign and malignant conditions, including antineoplastic drugs' side effects, subungual metastases, and melanoma. Metastasis of fingernail melanoma can affect lymph nodes from the wrist to elbow and axillary regions. Coexistent melanonychia and wrist lump, mimicking melanoma with sentinel lymph node is reported. It is recommended to consider the differential diagnosis of nail changes due to chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Coexistence of prostate cancer, gynecomastia, renal failure, melanonychia, and wrist lump. 1972 76

Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is thought to derive from the liver, but its values predict morbidity and mortality for several diseases, such as cardiac infarction, stroke, diabetes, renal failure and cancer. We assessed total GGT and its fractions in the culture supernatants of human cell lines (melanoma, prostate cancer, bronchial epithelium) by gel filtration chromatography. We also compared the GGT elution profile in plasma and the corresponding very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. All the cell lines tested released soluble GGT whose activity increased in parallel with the cell growth. Released GGT presented a molecular weight of 2000 kDa, identical to the b-GGT fraction of human plasma and corresponding to that of VLDL. But ultracentrifugation studies showed that b-GGT had a higher density than VLDL. The b-GGT present in human plasma can be produced by tissues other than the liver, thus explaining the increase of serum GGT observed in diseases of other organs.
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PMID:Cultured human cells release soluble gamma-glutamyltransferase complexes corresponding to the plasma b-GGT. 1986 87

Local progression of prostate cancer occurs when the tumor grows beyond the prostatic capsule and invades adjacent structures such as the urinary bladder, rectum, pelvic side-wall and ureters. This is an important clinical event that can in itself cause significant morbidity, impaired quality of life and even mortality. Patients with this condition may experience urinary symptoms due to bladder outlet obstruction by the tumor mass, ureteral obstruction and renal failure, hematuria due to invasion of the tumor into the bladder, and pelvic pain, constipation or tenesmus, as a result of rectal involvement. In the absence of metastasis, some patients with Locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC) may survive for Longer than 5 years. Therefore, effective and durable palliation is necessary to reduce morbidity and maintain patient quality of life. ALthough the majority of the patients with LAPC cannot be cured by any currently available modality, effective palliation is an independent clinical endpoint. This article presents the LAPC syndrome and treatment options.
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PMID:[Palliative surgery for locally advanced prostate cancer]. 1989 58

A 63-year-old African American man was diagnosed with prostate cancer by biopsy for elevated prostrate-specific antigen. He was initially treated with radiation and then with intermittent androgen ablation because of biochemical relapse. He continued to have rising prostrate-specific antigen and he was thought to have hormone-resistant prostate cancer. So he received chemotherapy with docetaxel. He returned to the hospital within 3 days of the first cycle of treatment with fever, altered mental status, acute renal failure, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. He was started on empiric antibiotics but his cultures from most sites were negative. His platelets dropped from 119,000 to a nadir of 10,000 during hospital stay. Patient had microangiopathic hemolytic anemia suggested by elevated lactate dehydrogenase, decreased haptoglobin, increased indirect bilirubin, and schistocytes in peripheral smear. His coagulation profile was normal. A presumptive diagnosis of chemotherapy-related thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)-hemolytic uremic syndrome was made and patient was started on fresh frozen plasma infusion and hemodialysis for renal failure and steroids. Patient improved symptomatically, platelet count was stable, and lactate dehydrogenase was in a declining trend after 5 days of fresh frozen plasma infusion. The ADAMS TS-13 activity was 37% suggestive of chemotherapy-related TTP. Patient also had sickle cell beta thalassemia disease and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Docetaxel, like some other vascular endothelial growth factor inhibiting chemotherapeutic drugs may cause TTP-hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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PMID:Docetaxel-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome-related complex in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer? 2059 66


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