Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experience is recorded in the treatment of prostate cancer with Flucinom in 42 patients at mean age 64 years. This is a new synthetic patent medicine, a nonsteroid antiandrogen, product of the firm Schering (USA). It acts as concurrent inhibitor of the androgen acceptors in the cytoplasm of the glandular epithelium in prostate cells and averts the entry of the androgenic acceptor complex in the nucleus. Treatment was conducted with Flucinom tablets of 250 mg, 3 times daily 1 tablet. Patients in different stages of the disease were treated. The results were recorded for each patient individually at mean duration of the follow-up period 16 months. Twenty-eight patients received only Flucinom medication, in 14 drug treatment was combined with pulpectomy. The effect of treatment was as follows: regression--26 patients (61.9 per cent, stabilization--10 patients (23.8 per cent) and progression--6 patients (14.3 per cent). The results were superior when drug treatment was associated with pulpectomy. Treatment was well tolerated, including in patients with accompanying cardiovascular diseases and initial renal failure. Side reactions were seldom observed and were mild. It is recommended that Flucinom treatment of prostate cancer should gain acceptance, especially in patients with preserved potency.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of the therapeutic effect of Flucinom in prostatic cancer]. 184 60

We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 37 prostate cancer patients with ureteral obstruction treated by percutaneous nephrostomy. The over-all survival was 57% at 1 year and 29% at 2 years (median survival time 21 months). The 1 and 2-year survival rates of 15 patients with no prior hormonal therapy were 73 and 47%, respectively, while those of patients who had previously received hormonal therapy were 48 and 19%, respectively. Median survival times of these groups were 24 months and 12 months, respectively. Of 12 patients who had severe renal failure before percutaneous nephrostomy (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 6.9 mg. per dl.) 9 had an adequate return of renal function (serum creatinine less than 3 mg. per dl.) after drainage and 58% survived more than 1 year (median survival time 22 months). Percutaneous nephrostomy is safe and effective in relieving ureteral obstruction and reasonable survival can be achieved even in patients with renal failure. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be considered strongly in these patients.
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PMID:Ureteral obstruction associated with prostate cancer: the outcome after percutaneous nephrostomy. 232 11

We report 40 patients seen over a 15-year period with a histological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the bladder; 18 patients had primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder, arising either from the urachus or from glandular metaplasia of the urothelium, and the other 22 had secondary lesions representing invasion from adjacent structures, notably prostate, colon and ovary. In this latter group symptoms related to the primary lesion were variable. The distinction between primary and secondary neoplasm is an important one and was rarely made on the basis of endoscopic or clinical findings alone. Urachal tumours were more common in females, whereas primary and secondary vesical adenocarcinomas were more common in males. The urachal tumours also occurred in a younger age group. Most of the adenocarcinomas, urachal or primary, were already advanced at the time of diagnosis. All tumours were palpable bimanually after resection and were at least T2 or T3. In the urachal carcinomas the results of partial cystectomy were disappointing because of the high rate of local recurrence and death from metastases. Primary non-urachal vesical adenocarcinoma carried an even poorer prognosis if non-radical surgery was carried out. The mean survival was 13 months. Radiotherapy was not effective in urachal and primary adenocarcinomas as these tumours are generally radioresistant. The treatment of secondary adenocarcinoma was governed by the primary site of the tumour. Radical surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy appeared to give the longest survival in the colonic tumours. Patients with prostatic cancer had a poorer survival rate than those with the same stage tumour but without bladder involvement, with renal failure secondary to obstructive uropathy being the commonest cause of death.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. 276 79

Seventeen patients with advanced prostatic cancer were treated with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue DSer (tBU)6 AzaGly 10 GnRH (ICI 118630), either as a constant SC infusion, or in the form of a monthly SC slowrelease depot formulation, in which case patients were randomised to receive one of three doses. Six of these patients also received a 250-microgram SC bolus of ICI 118630, for pharmacokinetic studies, before starting the infusion or the depot. Drug levels were measured using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In contrast to the SC infusion, which gave a smooth serum 118630 level profile, drug release from the depot preparation was not constant, levels varying in a predictable manner throughout each 28-day period, reaching a peak proportional to the dose of ICI 118630 received, between days 15 and 18 of each cycle. With all methods of administration there was an initial rise in LH, usually followed by a rise in testosterone, after which the SC infusion and the depot were both effective in reducing serum LH to basal levels and testosterone into the castrate range within 1 month. It is too early to make any assessment of clinical response; however, depot treatment was well tolerated: Four patients experienced an initial flare in bone pain, probably related to the initial rise in testosterone, and twelve patients experienced flushing; one patient with pre-existing hydronephrosis and hydroureter developed renal failure, possibly related to a tumour flare reaction. No patients have experienced cardiovascular side effects or local reaction.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic and endocrinological parameters of a slow-release depot preparation of the GnRH analogue ICI 118630 (zoladex) compared with a subcutaneous bolus and continuous subcutaneous infusion of the same drug in patients with prostatic cancer. 294 68

The trial drug was ICI 118.630 (Zoladex). Inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed advanced prostate cancer (T greater than 2 or N+ or M+), life expectancy greater than 3 months, and no previous radiotherapy, orchiectomy, or chemotherapy. Treatment started in November 1984; 30 patients were recruited. The period of treatment ranged from 6 to 144 weeks (median of 59.5 weeks). One patient died after 6 weeks of rapidly progressive renal failure. Data were updated to the end of August 1987. The mean age was 67.9 years (53-83 years). Subjective response was evaluated by a mean symptoms score (using daytime micturition, nocturia, dysuria, hesitancy, and flow) and a score of three different items: patients' activity, bone pain, and use of analgesics. Only 7.1% of the patients showed a permanent positive response. Four different objective responses (complete, partial, stable disease, and progression) were possible after evaluating the T category, tumor dimensions, metastases, and prostatic acid phosphatase. Testosterone (T) and plasmatic LH levels rose after administration: T dropped below the castration level (1 ng/ml) within a few days and remained constantly low. The rate of progressive disease was 27.6%; disease control was possible in 72.4% of the patients (PR or SD).
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PMID:LH-RH analogue treatment for advanced prostate cancer. 297 66

We report a case of severe hypocalcemia in a patient with prostate cancer and extensive metastatic bone disease. The hypocalcemia in this patient was most likely on the basis of extensive accretion of calcium into the bones. We further studied 112 patients with prostate cancer, 15 of whom were discovered to be hypocalcemic on the basis of serum total calcium measurement. Fourteen of these 15 patients had bone metastases. Serum total calcium, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly lower in patients with bone metastases (n = 61) than those without (n = 51). Hypocalcemia could be explained on the basis of hypoalbuminemia or renal failure in these patients. Plasma ionized Ca measurements were made in 47 of the total 112 patients. Only one patient with extensive bone metastases was found to be hypocalcemic on the basis of ionized calcium measurement. Therefore, apparent hypocalcemia based on total calcium measurement is common in patients with prostate cancer (14% of all and 23% of those with bone metastases), whereas true hypocalcemia based on ionized calcium determinations is unusual.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia in patients with prostate cancer. 314 22

Four patients presented with severe renal failure secondary to urinary tract obstruction, yet ultrasonography and/or computed tomography revealed only minimal dilatation in 1 patient and no dilatation in the other three. Two patients had prostate cancer, one had bladder cancer, and one had retroperitoneal fibrosis. In all cases, relief of obstruction led to a dramatic improvement in renal function. These cases, and others in the literature, illustrate that in certain settings severe urinary tract obstruction may be present in the absence of dilatation and hence may be missed by noninvasive imaging techniques. Nondilated obstructive uropathy should be suspected in any elderly patient who presents with the acute onset of oliguria in the absence of an identifiable cause, especially if there is a previous history of malignancy in the pelvis. Left undiagnosed, this potentially reversible cause of renal failure can lead to end-stage renal disease.
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PMID:Nondilated obstructive uropathy. 328 42

PSA is a 34-kDa 240-amino-acid glycoprotein produced exclusively by prostatic epithelial cells. PSA is a serine protease, is a member of the kallikrein gene family, and has a high sequence homology with human glandular kallikrein. It has chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and esterase-like activities. In the serum it is present mainly in a complex form with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. It is secreted in the seminal plasma and is responsible for liquefaction of the seminal coagulum. The production of PSA proteins appears to be under the control of circulating androgens acting through the androgen receptors. The PSA gene is up-regulated predominantly by androgens at both the protein and mRNA levels. DRE causes minimal changes in the PSA level, while prostate massage, ultrasonography, systoscopic examination, and prostate biopsy can all cause clinically significant elevations. Other conditions, such as prostatitis, prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, acute urinary retention, and renal failure can also elevate the PSA level. The value of PSA as a screening tool is questionable because of the great deal of overlap in PSA levels between BPH and prostate cancer. However, if used in men over 50, in conjunction with DRE and/or ultrasonography, it may become a vital part of the early detection program. PSA's role in determining the clinical and pathological stage is also limited, in spite of the direct correlation between the pathological stage and the PSA level, because of great overlap in the PSA levels in various stages. The most important clinical utility of PSA is in monitoring patients after definitive therapy. PSA is most sensitive and reliable in the detection of a residual tumor, possibly recurrence, or disease progression following treatment, irrespective of the treatment modality. PSA can accurately predict the tumor status and can detect recurrence several months before its detection by any other method. PSA is also a very sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for tumors of prostatic origin. Compared to PAP, PSA is a more precise and meaningful marker in all clinical situations. With the development of ultrasensitive assays and the adoption of an international standard PSA calibrator, so that results from multicenter studies can be compared, PSA could become one of the most useful tumor marker in cancer biology.
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PMID:Prostatic specific antigen. 753 74

We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 28 prostate cancer patients with ureteral obstruction treated by percutaneous nephrostomy. The over-all survival was 60% at 1 year and 32% at 2 years. The 1 and 2 years survival rates of 13 patients with no prior hormonal therapy were 70 and 45%, respectively, while those of patients who had previously received hormonal therapy were 46 and 17% respectively. Of 10 patients who had severe renal failure before percutaneous nephrostomy (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 7 mg per dl), 8 had an adequate return of renal function (serum creatinine less than 3 mg pe dl) after drainage and 55% survived more than 1 year, cutaneous nephrostomy is safe and effective in relieving ureteral obstruction and reasonable survival can be achieved even in patient with renal failure. Percutaneous nephrostomy should be considered strongly in these patients.
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PMID:Ureteral obstruction associated with prostate cancer: the outcome after ultrasonographic percutaneous nephrostomy. 788 41

From 1985 to 1992, 98 ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage nephrostomies were performed in 74 patients with a mean age of 77 years (range: 70-88 years). The diversion was indicated because of upper urinary tract obstruction (87% of cases), urinary fistula (4%) or secondary displacement of the first PCN (9%). The initial disease was benign in 29 patients (42.5%, including 48% of renal and ureteric stones), malignant in 39 cases (53%, including 79% of pelvic cancers) and not specified in 6 cases (4.5%). PCN was performed successfully in 93% of patients and allowed improvement in renal failure and/or treatment of the initial infectious syndrome in the majority of cases. The following complications were observed: secondary displacement of the drain (13 cases), infection (3 cases), renal subcapsular haematoma (1 case). The outcome of the patients was directly related to the initial disease: 28 of the 29 patients diverted for a benign disease were still alive and the PCN drain was able to be removed in 96% of cases after curative treatment; 95% of the patients diverted for cancer had died within 13 months after PCN. Patients with previously untreated prostatic cancer had the best prognosis, as androgen suppression allowed removal of the PCN without any additional procedure, in some cases. Drainage of the upper urinary tract by percutaneous nephrostomy under local anaesthesia has a limited morbidity and a low failure rate and therefore appears to be a technique of choice, particularly in elderly patients.
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PMID:[Percutaneous drainage nephrostomy in patients over 70 years of age. Apropos of 98 nephrostomies in 74 patients]. 804 79


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