Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between cancer and the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-BB) was investigated, and the possibility of the role of CK-BB as a tumor marker was assessed. With the use of a specific radioimmunoassay, the concentration of CK-BB was measured in 524 sera (obtained from the National Cancer Institute-Mayo Clinic Serum Diagnostic Bank) from patients with a variety of benign and malignant disorders. In 79 of these sera, the results of radioimmunoassay for CK-BB were compared to those of three radioimmunoassays for prostate acid phosphatase. Abnormal CK-BB concentrations occurred in only about 11% of the 366 cancer patients. Some groups of cancer patients had higher rates; e.g., the CK-BB concentration was elevated in 29% of the prostate cancer patients. However, prostate acid phosphatase was abnormal in 65% of the patients with prostate carcinoma--a considerable higher fraction than that found with CK-BB. Findings in patients with benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases indicate that CK-BB complements carcinoembryonic antigen data and might be useful as part of a tumor marker panel.
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PMID:Assessment of radioimmunoassay of serum creatine kinase BB (CK-BB) as a tumor marker: studies in patients with various cancers and a comparison of CK-BB concentrations to prostate acid phosphatase concentrations. 693 25

Monoclonal antibodies to human prostate adenocarcinoma membrane antigens were produced by fusion of P3X63/Ag8 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized against the prostate cancer cell line DU145. The hybrids were screened for antibody production using glutaraldehyde-fixed cells in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Antibody-binding specificity was also checked by quantitative adsorption, membrane immunofluorescence, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays. A hybridoma clone (83.21) was isolated that secreted antibodies which preferentially bound to several prostate and bladder cancer cell lines but did not bind to a variety of other normal and malignant human cell lines. This antibody also reacted with a cytomegalovirus-transformed human embryonic lung cell line but not to normal human embryonic lung cells. Quantitative adsorption studies demonstrated that the 83.21 monoclonal antibody was strongly reactive to membrane preparations from human prostate adenocarcinoma tissue and a liver metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Little or no binding activity was observed against two other prostate carcinomas, bening prostatic hyperplasia, normal prostate, or normal liver. Binding studies indicate that the 83.21 monoclonal antibody does not bind to alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase, human leukocyte antigen, beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-Dr antigens, fibronectin, or prostate antigen. The data indicate that we have isolated a monoclonal antibody that binds to an antigen(s) expressed by several urogenital carcinoma cell lines as well as human prostate tumor tissue and that the antibody is not directed against well-known human tumor cell markers.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to human prostate and bladder tumor-associated antigens. 704 15

Combination chemotherapy with Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was administered to 22 men with progressive tumor following hormonal treatment for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Objective partial response was documented in 7 patients (32%); an additional four (18%) had stable disease for a minimum of four months, and 11 (50%) were non-responders. Patients with partial response had a median survival of 14 months and lived significantly longer than those with no response (median five months); survival of men with stable disease approximated that of partial responders. Serial utilization of multiple staging procedures during chemotherapy demonstrated that although no single test allowed identification of all patients with objective tumor response or progression, improvement in median of five parameters could be documented in responding patients. In patients adequately studied at the time of disease progression, deterioration in a median of six tests was found. Serum acid phosphatase radionuclide bone scan, and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen were the most sensitive procedures which detected both objective tumor response and progression. Toxicity of chemotherapy was acceptable except in patients with prior radiation therapy. Administration of Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide was associated with clinical benefit in half of our patients with hormone-resistant prostatic cancer. Tumor response and progression can best be objectively assessed if several staging procedures are serially employed during treatment.
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PMID:Effective treatment of hormonally-unresponsive metastatic carcinoma of the prostate with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide: methods of documenting tumor response and progression. 735 21

Clinical studies of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in prostate fluid were performed on 121 men; 29 patients with prostate cancer, 65 with benign prostatic hypertrophy, 10 with prostatitis and 17 without any prostatic diseases. The CEA level in prostate fluid in the prostate cancer group was significantly higher than that in any other group. However, it could not demonstrate any particular advantage when compared with the prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum. Additional research was done comparing the sensitivity and specificity of CEA level in prostate fluid in the population with slightly elevated PSA level (3.0-14.9 ng/ml). The sensitivity and the specificity were 82% and 83%, respectively. These findings suggest the usefulness of the measurement of prostate fluid CEA as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the population with a slightly elevated PSA level.
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PMID:[Significance of prostate fluid carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis of prostate cancer]. 754 50

Blood tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) concentration was serially measured by IRMA radioimmunodetective procedure in hormonally treated prostate cancer patients with Stage Do-D1 tumor (20 subjects free of bone lesions) and Stage D2 disease (20 subjects with bone metastases). Monoclonal antibody against the principle M3-TPA epitope was used in this TPS assay. Serum TPS values were compared with respective blood prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and testosterone levels in a retrospective manner. A control group included healthy men, patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), subjects with inflammation of the prostate, and men with diabetes. PSA is reported to be a quantitative calibration for prostate cancer load in untreated patients, especially during early stages of the disease. In hormonally treated, advanced, and dedifferentiated prostatic carcinoma this serotest fails to reflect properly both tumor status and response to treatment. In Stage Do-D1 patients TPS concentrations remain normal or become slightly elevated even during local tumor progression. This finding is in accord with the slow proliferation of nonaggressive primary tumors. Circulating TPS concentrations are elevated in progressive metastatic patients, in the majority of Stage D2 subjects with stable disease and even in some of these patients during partial tumor remission. This latter result may be attributed not only to the heterogeneity of the advanced prostatic cancer but also to the actual tumor response to treatment, since serum PSA level fails to reflect properly the outcome of hormonal treatment. There is some evidence that an abrupt elevation in serum TPA level in such patients is a consequence of NK cell-mediated lysis of circulating tumor cells, thus giving rise to a simultaneous and rapid delivery of intracellular TPS into the bloodstream. Prostatic inflammation elevates TPS concentrations only slightly, while diabetes, even during a proper treatment, raises TPS concentration more intensely. In patients with BPH normal or slightly increased TPS values were measured. The results ot these preliminary investigations seem to open the way for further prospective studies.
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PMID:Serial measurements of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS), PSA, PAP and CEA serotest values in treated patients with primary and metastatic prostate cancer. 768 62

The coexistence of two differently originating cancer cells within the same lymph node is reported. An 83-year-old male patient died from severe carcinomatous lymphangitis of the lungs five months after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. At autopsy, prostatic cancer metastasis to lymph node was found. Histologically, the prostatic carcinoma cells had a cribriform pattern and the gastric cells showed papillary and tubular features. Immunohistochemically, the former was immunoreactive to prostate specific antigen (PSA) and the latter was stained positively for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Fifty-one of the retroperitoneal and intrapelvic lymph nodes were histologically examined; the coexistence of both types of cancer cells was found in two lymph nodes. Both types were adjoined at the hilum, as was also confirmed by an immunohistochemical double staining technique. These two lymph nodes were located in the pre-aortic and left lateral aortic areas, and they belonged to the terminal lymph node group of both the intra-pelvic and intra-abdominal intestinal organs.
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PMID:The coexistence of cancer cells of different origin within the same lymph nodes. 769 Jan 60

Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) imaging has contributed greatly to the diagnosis and staging of both colorectal and ovarian cancers, and recently has been tested in patients with prostate cancer. Anatomic imaging modalities such as computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging have deficiencies in imaging each of these cancers that can be complemented or overcome by using radioimmunoscintigraphy. The management of patients with colorectal cancer, in particular, has been aided by developments in immunoscintigraphy. The new, safe, and easy-to-prepare MoAbs make possible an effective form of colon and rectal cancer imaging that has been used for (1) staging primary colorectal tumors in presurgical patients, (2) determining extent of disease, (3) continuing surveillance of patients at risk for recurrence of disease, (4) managing patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels (even those with otherwise negative workup results), and (5) imaging for occult, disease in patients both before and after surgery. In ovarian cancer patients, MoAbs are promising as safe, sensitive imaging tools. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved 111In satumomab pendetide (OncoScint CR/OV; Cytogen Corporation, Princeton, NJ) for use in imaging colorectal and ovarian cancer. Immunoscintigraphy is being refined and tested to locate bony and soft-tissue metastases in patients with prostate cancer. As both a complementary tool and, in some cases, the imaging modality of choice, MoAbs have proven to be safe, accurate imaging tools for many patients with cancer.
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PMID:Correlative imaging with monoclonal antibodies in colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancer. 781

Several serum tumor markers have been studied in different types of epithelial cell-associated cancer. The application of these markers in clinical oncologic practice is hampered by insufficient sensitivity and specificity in most primary tumors. It is important to define which markers contribute to patient management. Prostate-specific antigen can be used in prostate cancer patients for screening and monitoring advanced disease. Cancer antigen 125 is primarily used for the monitoring of combined chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. In breast cancer patients preoperative levels of cancer antigen 15-3, carcinoembryonic antigen, and tissue polypeptide antigen specific do not contribute in prognosis, but changes in the levels of these markers predict the clinical outcome in the treatment of advanced disease better than UICC criteria. Carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen specific can detect recurrence in colorectal cancer patients earlier than imaging methods. Tissue polypeptide antigen specific is sensitive in measuring response to combined chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. In bladder cancer, urine levels of cytokeratins are sensitive in indicating advanced disease. In small-cell lung cancer neuron-specific enolase is a good indicator of chemotherapy response. In non-small-cell lung cancers, cytokeratins may also predict response in chemotherapy treatment. Clinical application of tumor markers in the correct circumstances can omit more invasive and costly procedures and will contribute to better patient care.
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PMID:How to integrate serum tumor markers into clinical oncologic practice. 874 5

Defining the expression of tumor-associated antigens on primary and metastatic prostate cancer is the crucial first step in selecting appropriate targets for immune attack. In this study, the distribution of the tumor-associated antigens GM2, Tn, sTn, Thompson-Friedenreich antigen (TF), Globo H, Le(y), MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC7, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG beta), HER2/neu, PSMA, and KSA on primary and metastatic prostate cancer and 16 types of normal tissues was compared by immunohistochemistry, using a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. Our results show that GM2, KSA, and MUC2 were strongly expressed on 8 or 9 of 9 metastatic prostate cancer biopsy specimens and, with PSMA, hCG beta, TF, Tn, and sTn, on 8 or more of 11 primary prostate cancer specimens. Tn, MUC1, and PSMA were expressed on 4-6 of 9 metastatic specimens. The remaining antigens were expressed on no more than three of nine metastatic specimens. Normal tissues were also tested with all antibodies. With regard to the eight antigens most widely expressed on prostate cancers, PSMA was not expressed significantly on any of the normal tissues except prostate epithelium. Tn, sTn, hCG beta, and MUC2 were detected on up to 3 of 10 types of normal epithelia. GM2, TF, MUC1, and KSA were more broadly distributed on normal epithelia, all primarily at the secretory borders. STn, KSA, and hCG beta were also detected in the testis, and GM2 was expressed on gray matter of brain. From the 30 antigens that we have screened, this study provides the basis for selecting GM2, TF, Tn, sTn, hCG beta, MUC1, MUC2, KSA, and PSMA as target antigens for specific immunotherapy of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Expression of potential target antigens for immunotherapy on primary and metastatic prostate cancers. 951 14

We report a case of primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate cancer producing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). An 80-year-old man admitted to our hospital with the complaint of appetite loss. Serum CEA and CA19-9 levels were increased to 28.9 ng/ml (normal < 3.5) and 271 U/ml (normal < 37), respectively. Serum PSA level was also high (33 ng/ml; normal < 3.6). Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated para-aortic lymph node swelling and bone scan revealed multiple bone metastasis. Prostate biopsy was performed and the specimen showed no evidence of malignancy. However endocrine therapy was started because of the strong suspicion of prostate cancer. In spite of the treatment, the patient died 2 months after the treatment. Histology of autopsy specimen demonstrated primary prostate cancer (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma) and metastases to multiple organs, such as lungs, liver, thyroid, bone marrow and adrenals. Immunohistochemical staining for CEA, CA19-9 and PSA demonstrated the existence of each protein at both primary and metastatic sites.
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PMID:[Prostate cancer with high serum level of CEA and CA19-9: a case report]. 958 83


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