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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new morphological classification of urinary erythrocytes was instituted in order to differentiate glomerular from urological hematuria. One hundred and thirteen hematuric patients including 73 glomerular and 40 urological disease patients were examined. The former group consisted of IgA nephropathy (n = 45), lupus nephritis (6), membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis (5), non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (4), Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis (4), membranous nephropathy (4), endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (3), and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (2). The latter group included bladder cancer (n = 15), renal calculi (15), prostate cancer (3), urethral cancer (1) and post-transurethral resection (6). In each urine sample, 100 urinary erythrocytes were observed under differential interference microscopy and classified into 10 concretely defined shapes (5 "glomerular" and 5 "urological" shapes) and unclassified shapes. Using percentage of "glomerular" shape erythrocytes and setting the cut-off at 15%, 90.4% of sensitivity and 97.5% of specificity for the diagnosis of glomerular disease were obtained. When percentage of one specific shape (G1), [i.e. doughnut-like cell with one or more blebs] was used at a cut-off of 1%, sensitivity and specificity were 89.0% and 95.0% respectively. These results were satisfactory as compared with most previous reports. Moreover, our classification is so concrete that it is more objective, accurate, and easily understandable, even for beginners. Distinct shape "G1" is particularly important for morphological investigation of hematuria.
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PMID:A new morphological classification of urinary erythrocytes for differential diagnosis of glomerular hematuria. 155 Dec 54

A patient with carcinoma of the prostate and metastases developed the nephrotic syndrome following hormonal therapy. A decrease in the dose of estrogens was associated with decreased proteinuria, but when therapy was increased the nephrotic syndrome became more severe. Renal biopsy performed when proteinuria was present showed subendothelial electron dense deposits, complement by immunofluorescence, and a morphologic pattern of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. There was evidence of resorption of the deposits by endothelial cells. Microspherical particles resembling those described in prostatic cancer were found in the glomeruli. On the basis of previous reports it is concluded that circulating tumor antigen-antibody complexes produced glomerulonephritis, the severity of which was related to the amount of soluble antigen released by tumor cell destruction. Apparent phagocytosis of immune complexes by glomerular endothelial cells was believed to account for the reversibility of the nephrotic syndrome. The role of the virus-like particles in the process is as yet unclear.
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PMID:Glomerulonephritis and virus-like particles associated with prostatic cancer. 740 96

A case of severe nephrotic syndrome (urinary protein excretion 12.9 g/day) due to membranous nephropathy associated with untreated prostate cancer and multiple bone metastases is described. A combination of initial endocrine treatment and steroid therapy resulted in normalization of prostate-specific antigen levels followed by a rapid decrease of urinary protein excretion within 4 months. No proteinuria was subsequently detected. Seven months after the initiation of therapy, the patient remained well with complete clinical remission from the nephrotic syndrome. This rapid achievement of remission may have been due to tumor shrinkage by androgen ablation in addition to steroid therapy of the membranous nephropathy. The nephrotic syndrome is a rare complication of prostate cancer, and, to the best of our knowledge, no previous cases have been reported of membranous nephropathy as one of the first disease manifestations.
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PMID:Nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy associated with metastatic prostate cancer: rapid remission after initial endocrine therapy. 1064 12

Nephrotic syndrome is a rare manifestation of malignancy associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome has been reported in various malignancies: malignant lymphoma, colon cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. However, an ovarian carcinoma associated with nephrotic syndrome has rarely been reported. Only six cases of ovarian carcinoma associated paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome has been reported worldwide, but no cases have been reported in Korea. Here, we report a case of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in a patient with an ovarian carcinoma. The patient presented with ascites, proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. An initial computed tomography (CT) scan and ultrasonography evaluations showed no specific findings suggestive of an ovarian tumor. Despite treatment for nephrotic syndrome, the symptoms became more aggravated. There after, follow up evaluation at Yonsei University Medical Center, including serum CA 125, pelvis MRI and peritoneal fluid examination were performed. On the pelvis MRI, a left ovarian mass was detected with an ascitic fluid collection. The serum CA 125 level was elevated to 2211 U/ml. The peritoneal fluid cytological examination showed malignant cells suggestive of an ovarian carcinoma. Combination chemotherapies including paclitaxel plus carboplatin, topotecan plus gemcitabine and oxaliplatin plus capecitabine were administered to the patient, and complete remission was achieved on image and tumor marker studies. There was complete recovery from the nephrotic syndrome with no evidence of ascites and proteinuria. These findings suggest that nephrotic syndrome caused by paraneoplastic syndrome can be resolved only after the complete control of the underlying malignancy.
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PMID:A case of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. 1283 96

Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome has been reported in various malignancies: malignant lymphoma, colon cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Of these, lung cancer is the most commonly associated with the syndrome. Here, we report 4 cases of nephrotic syndrome associated with lung cancer, in one of which urinary protein and edema were improved by steroid therapy. These results suggest that in patients with paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome histologically diagnosed as having minimal change disease (MCD), it is important not only to treat the cancer itself but also to use steroids as early as possible. On the other hand, our results also showed that treatment is still difficult for locally advanced or metastatic tumors. Therefore, when we encounter patients with nephrotic syndrome, it is important to be aware of the association of nephrotic syndrome and lung cancer.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in patients with lung cancer. 1983 74

The prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein, is a clinically used biomarker for screen and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Most of PSA in blood circulation is protein-bound, and only a small fraction is present as free PSA. In general, the serum total PSA levels are <4ng/mL in healthy controls and significantly increased in certain prostate cancer patients. Currently, <0.25 in the ratio of free PSA to total PSA (F/T value) is used as an indicator of prostate cancer. The mRNA of PSA is mainly expressed in prostate, and its protein product is a protease present in seminal plasma for the liquefaction of seminal coagulum in normal physiology. The F/T value as a prostate cancer biomarker has been questioned for its benefit over harm caused by its high false-positive rate of diagnosis. Furthermore, the molecular basis of how PSA is getting into blood circulation from seminal plasma is largely unknown. In current study, a total of 24,692 clinical lab test results of serum F/T values from healthy controls and patients with 34 different types of diseases including different types of cancers and nonneoplasm illnesses during the past 5 years were collected and analyzed statistically. Our data showed that even though the prostate cancer patients had the lowest median serum F/T values, both significantly increased and decreased serum F/T values were associated with different types of human diseases, such as acute cerebral infarction, coronary heart disease, uremia, and nephrotic syndrome. The possible molecular mechanisms of serum PSA as disease biomarkers are discussed.
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PMID:Serum PSA levels in patients with prostate cancer and other 33 different types of diseases. 3090 64