Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a member of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family. RKIP plays a pivotal modulatory role in several protein kinase signaling cascades. RKIP binds inhibits Raf-1-mediated phosphorylation of MEK through binding to Raf-1. Protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates RKIP, resulting in release of Raf-1 and activation of MEK and ERK. The phosphorylated RKIP binds to and inhibits G-protein-coupled receptor kinase, resulting in sustained G-protein signaling. The regulatory role that RKIP has in cell signaling is reflected in its role in physiology and pathophysiology. RKIP is involved in neural development, cardiac function and spermatogenesis and appears to have serine protease activity. In addition to its roles in physiology, dysregulated RKIP expression has the potential to contribute to pathophysiological processes including Alzheimer's disease and diabetic nephropathy. RKIP has been shown to fit the criteria of being a metastasis suppressor gene, including having decreased expression in prostate cancer metastases and restoring RKIP expression in a prostate cancer cell line diminishes metastasis in a murine model. Clearly, RKIP has multiple molecular and cellular functions. In this review, RKIP's molecular roles in intracellular signaling, its physiological functions and its role in disease are described.
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PMID:The role of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) in health and disease. 1531

Within five years of discovering endothelin (ET-1) in 1988, the first report of an orally available ET receptor antagonist was published. Within twelve years, bosentan, the first ET receptor antagonist to gain marketing authorization, was made available for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Since this milestone in ET biology, several ET receptor antagonists have been developed, principally to target cardiovascular disease states. ET-1 acts through two receptors--ET(A) and ET(B). Currently, the mixed antagonist, bosentan, and the selective ET(A) antagonist, sitaxsentan, are both licensed for the treatment of PAH, and clinical trials with these and other agents are ongoing for many diseases, including scleroderma, diabetic nephropathy and prostate cancer. Although there has been no argument about the importance of blocking ET(A) receptors, there remains a long-running debate as to whether additional ET(B) antagonism is of benefit, and this is the topic of the following review.
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PMID:Selective and mixed endothelin receptor antagonism in cardiovascular disease. 1795 Apr 70

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease nowadays. Certain cancers are more common in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, there are no data concerning the cancer pattern in patients with DN. The aim of this study is to investigate the site-specific cancer risk and mortality in these patients.A retrospective cohort study of 5643 DN patients between 2000 and 2015 was conducted in 2 large hospitals in Hong Kong. Incidence and mortality of various cancers were compared with those of general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) respectively.With 24,726 person-years follow-up, 250 cancers were diagnosed. Overall cancer incidence was similar between DN patients and the general population (SIR 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92-1.19). However, certain site-specific cancers are increased in DN patients: the highest risk was observed for laryngeal cancer (SIR 3.03, 95% CI 1.11-6.60), followed by cancers of liver (SIR 1.96, 95% CI 1.35-2.76) and colorectum (SIR 1.92, 95% CI 1.53-2.37), but the risk of prostate cancer was lower (SIR 0.48, 95% CI 0.21-0.95) in the males with DN. The SMR of all cancers was 1.17 (95% CI 1.01-1.37). For individual specific site, only colorectal cancer carried a significant higher mortality risk (SMR 2.45, 95% CI 1.82-3.23).Our data suggested that DN is associated with increased incidence of cancers of colorectum, liver, and larynx but decreased incidence of prostate cancer. Moreover, there is increased mortality of colorectal cancer in patients with DN.
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PMID:Cancer risk in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong. 2893 Aug 46

Fibromodulin (FMOD) is one of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans. A search of the literature did not reveal any paper that specifically reviews the potential clinical applications of FMOD in the management of human diseases. First, the structure and physiological functions of FMOD were reviewed. Then its potential clinical applications in various diseases including diseases of the skin, tendons, joints, intervertebral discs, blood vessels, teeth, uterus, bone and kidney were reviewed. FMOD is able to switch the adult response to skin wounding to the desired fetal response of scarless healing. Lowered levels of FMOD would be desirable in the management of tendinopathy, uterine fibroids, tumors resistant to radiotherapy, glioblastomas, small-cell lung cancer, and primary liver/lung fibrosis. In contrast, increased levels of FMOD would be desirable in the management of acute tendon injuries, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, temporo-mandibular disease, joint laxity, intervertebral disc disease, neo-intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts, teeth caries, periodontal disease, endometrial atrophy, osteoporosis and diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, FMOD may be used as a prognostic marker of cerebrovascular events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and a marker for prostatic cancer. Finally, the use of FMOD in the treatment of symptomatic endometrial atrophy should be explored in women who are unable to use the standard estrogen management for endometrial atrophy. The review concluded that clinical trials in humans should be initiated to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of FMOD.
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PMID:Fibromodulin: Structure, Physiological Functions, and an Emphasis on its Potential Clinical Applications in Various Diseases. 3026 25