Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male gender is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, and androgen administration has been associated with increased atherosclerosis in experimental animals. Since endothelial dysfunction is an important event in the atherogenic process, we hypothesized that androgen deprivation in adult men might be associated with enhanced arterial endothelial function. Using external vascular ultrasound, brachial artery diameter was measured at rest, after flow increase (causing endothelium-dependent dilatation) and after nitroglycerin (an endothelium-independent dilator). We studied 30 adult males aged 40 to 70 years: 10 had had bilateral orchidectomy and/or maximal androgen blockade for > or = 6 months for treatment of prostate cancer, and all were in complete remission (group 1). Ten healthy controls (group 2) and 10 controls who had remission from nonprostate cancers (group 3) were matched for age and smoking history. Testosterone levels were lower in men in group 1 versus groups 2 or 3 (0.8 +/- 0.1 versus 19.2 +/- 8.4 or 16.1 +/- 4.9 nmol/L, P < .001). By contrast, endothelium-dependent dilatation was markedly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 or 3 (6.2 +/- 3 versus 2.7 +/- 2 or 2.0 +/- 1.9%, P < .001). The nitroglycerin response was similar in all three groups (P = .92). On multivariate analysis, increased endothelium-dependent dilatation was significantly associated with low serum testosterone levels (P = .001) but not with cholesterol levels or with a past history of malignancy (P > .25). The withdrawal of male sex hormones may be associated with enhanced endothelial function in adult men. This is consistent with a deleterious effect of physiologic levels of male sex steroids on the arterial wall.
 ...
PMID:Androgen deprivation is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent dilatation in adult men. 935 65

Replacement of saturated fat by the major dietary polyunsaturated fat linoleic acid reduces blood cholesterol concentrations and the risk of coronary artery disease. However, there is concern that long-term consumption of large amounts of linoleic acid might increase cancer risk. We reviewed the epidemiologic and experimental literature on linoleic acid intake and cancer risk and performed additional meta-analyses of risk estimates from case-control and prospective cohort studies. None of the combined estimates from within-population studies indicated a significantly increased risk of cancer with high compared with low intakes of linoleic acid or polyunsaturated fat. For case-control studies, the combined relative risks were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.00) for breast, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.08) for colorectal, and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.66) for prostate cancer. For prospective cohort studies, combined relative risks were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.34) for breast, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.22) for colon, and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.24) for prostate cancer. Ecologic comparisons of populations showed positive associations between cancer rates and per capita use of animal or saturated fat, but less so with per capita use of vegetable oil or polyunsaturated fat. Controlled studies of coronary artery disease in men did not, except for 1 study, show an increased cancer incidence after consumption of diets with a very high linoleic acid content for several years. Animal experiments indicated that a minimum amount of linoleic acid is required to promote growth of artificially induced tumors in rodents; but above this threshold, linoleic acid did not appear to have a specific tumor-promoting effect. Although current evidence cannot exclude a small increase in risk, it seems unlikely that a high intake of linoleic acid substantially raises the risks of breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer in humans.
 ...
PMID:Linoleic acid intake and cancer risk: a review and meta-analysis. 966 90

Amyloidosis is characterized by the soft-tissue deposition of amyloid protein. It may occur as a primary disorder but more often is seen as a manifestation of chronic illness. Scattered reports of the affinity of amyloid for bone scanning agents have appeared over many years. Isolated cardiac uptake of Tc-99m HDP is described in a patient with biopsy-proved cardiac amyloidosis on a background of tuberculosis, prostate cancer, and coronary artery disease.
 ...
PMID:Tc-99m HDP uptake in cardiac amyloidosis. 1006 22

The higher incidence of coronary artery disease in men is often attributed to androgens. Arterial compliance or 'stiffness' is increasingly regarded as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We wanted to look at the effects of complete androgen withdrawal, on arterial compliance in men. We performed arterial compliance studies on 12 men with complete androgen deprivation as treatment for prostate cancer, and on 12 age-matched healthy controls. Central pulse wave velocities were significantly higher in the androgen-deprived men (14.2 +/- 2.7 vs 11.8 +/- 1.6 m/sec, P = 0. 02). The cases tended to have higher brachial systolic pressures than controls though this difference was not significant (P = 0.2). We conclude that androgen withdrawal is associated with a reduction in central arterial compliance. Conversely androgen withdrawal does not affect peripheral arterial compliance. It is unlikely that the presence of normal concentrations of androgens can explain the sex difference in mortality rates. Longitudinal studies are needed for further evaluation. Journal of Human Hypertension (2000) 14, 395-397
 ...
PMID:Androgen deprivation in males is associated with decreased central arterial compliance and reduced central systolic blood pressure. 1087 3

Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), founded the Kenneth B. Schwartz Center. The Schwartz Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery, which provides hope to the patient, support to caregivers, and sustenance to the healing process. The center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members. Nebulous language, distrust, and dogma confound spiritual aspects of cancer care. However, existential well being is an important determinant of quality of life: finding meaning and purpose make suffering more tolerable. The case presented is of a patient who experienced "losing God" as a Hodgkin's disease survivor with metastatic prostate cancer and severe coronary artery disease. His caregivers were able to provide the sense of community in which he could re-establish his faith. Health care providers do not have to be religious in order to help patients to deal with a spiritual crisis. The clinical skills of compassion need to be deployed to diagnose and respond to spiritual suffering. Acknowledging and addressing anger or guilt, common sources of suffering, are essential to adjustment. Simply being there for the patient and being open to their hurt can help resolve their spiritual crisis, a responsibility that is shared by the whole health care team.
 ...
PMID:Losing God. 1142 76

Phytoestrogens (PE), and soy protein consumption are suggested to be associated with reduced risk of developing breast and prostate cancer, slowing the progression of renal failure, improved bone density, reduced serum lipid levels, and reduction in the risk of developing coronary artery disease. In infants, breast milk is the feeding of choice in the first months of life, and soy-based formulas should only be given to infants with intolerance of cows milk protein. In adults, except for reduced serum lipid levels, there is a lack of scientific evidence for health claims related to high phytoestrogen consumption.
 ...
PMID:[Consumption of soy and phytoestrogens--is there a place for dietary guidelines?]. 1185 Nov 7

The E-cadherin protein mediates Ca(2+)-dependent interepithelial adhesion. Association of E-cadherin with the catenin family of proteins is critical for the maintenance of a functional adhesive complex. We have identified a novel truncated E-cadherin species of 100-kDa (E-cad(100)) in prostate and mammary epithelial cells. E-cad(100) was generated by treatment of cells with ionomycin or TPA. Cell-permeable calpain inhibitors prevented E-cad(100) induction by ionomycin. Immunoblotting for spectrin and mu-calpain confirmed calpain activation in response to ionomycin treatment. Both the mu- and m-isoforms of calpain efficiently generated E-cad(100) in vitro. The E-cad(100) fragment was unable to bind to beta-catenin, gamma-catenin, and p120, suggesting that this cleavage event would disrupt the E-cadherin adhesion complex. Mutational analysis localized the calpain cleavage site to the cytosolic domain upstream of the beta- and gamma-catenin binding motifs of E-cadherin. Because E-cadherin is inactivated in many adenocarcinomas we hypothesized that calpain may play a role in prostate tumorigenesis. A prostate cDNA microarray data base was analyzed for calpain expression in which it was found that m-calpain was up-regulated in localized prostate cancer, and to an even higher degree in metastatic prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue. Furthermore, we examined the cleavage of E-cadherin in prostate cancer specimens and found that E-cad(100) accumulated in both localized and metastatic prostate tumors, supporting the cDNA microarray data. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which E-cadherin is functionally inactivated through calpain-mediated proteolysis and suggests that E-cadherin is targeted by calpain during the tumorigenic progression of prostate cancer.
 ...
PMID:The role of calpain in the proteolytic cleavage of E-cadherin in prostate and mammary epithelial cells. 1239 69

The current trends in favor of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer at the stage of biochemical recurrence or increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) raises the issue of exposing otherwise asymptomatic patients to potential side effects over the longer term. Some of these side effects can have deleterious effects on quality of life, and others may contribute to increased risks for serious health concerns associated with aging. Sexual side effects are the most well-recognized adverse effects from ADT and include loss of libido, erectile dysfunction (ED), and hot flashes. Loss of libido is distressing to many men, and they may not pursue treatments for ED. However, for those who do maintain sexual interest, various remedies are available. The incidence of hot flashes, which may not abate over the course of ADT, is close to 80%. Estrogens, progestin megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, venlafaxine, and cyproterone acetate have been shown to alleviate hot flashes and associated symptoms. Physiologic effects, including gynecomastia, changes in body composition (weight gain, reduced muscle mass, increase in body fat), and changes in lipids, are less commonly recognized as side effects of ADT. These may lead to an exacerbation of potentially more serious conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Loss of bone mineral density, anemia, and hair changes also may occur. Additionally, both the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the hormonal therapy can cause psychological distress. These side effects need more systematic study in clinical trials. Physicians should be aware of far-reaching consequences of ADT and should incorporate strategies for preventing and managing toxicities into routine practice.
 ...
PMID:Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity. 1266 85

Following the landmark Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) that provided the first relatively unbiased study of the epidemiology of erectile dysfunction (ED), a number of additional studies were carried out in the U.S. and around the world. The studies vary in quality because they used different definitions of ED, different assessment instruments, different and sometimes biased sources of populations, inadequate response rates to questionnaires and interviews, cultural disparities in willingness to discuss sexual issues, and differing interpretations of the results. Nevertheless, the studies demonstrated similar levels of ED by age and an exponential rise with age. They also generally confirmed the conditions that correlated with ED in the MMAS, namely, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, prostate cancer therapy, and depression. These were exacerbated by cigarette smoking.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction. 1514 84

Metabolic syndrome was initially described as an aggregation of risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia as the underlying factor. In an earlier review, we suggested that hyperinsulinemia may also lead to prostate cancer (PCa), the most common male cancer in industrialized nations. Furthermore, we suggested that diet and exercise, known to be important in the development of insulin resistance, may also be important in the development of PCa. When we placed men from the United States on a low-fat diet and/or exercise program, serum levels of insulin, free testosterone, estradiol and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 were reduced while sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 were elevated. These in vivo serum changes directly impacted on androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines in vitro to reduce cell growth and induce apoptosis. The reduction in serum IGF-1 and increase in IGFBP-1 with diet and exercise appear to be the most significant, as these changes lead to an increase in tumor cell p53 protein and its down-stream effector p21, which are responsible for the reduction in cell growth and induced apoptosis. Preliminary results from a clinical study with men on "watchful waiting" indicate that the observed in vitro effects of diet and exercise on prostate cancer cell growth also occur in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Preclinical models relevant to diet, exercise, and cancer risk. 1564 82


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>