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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Natural killer cytolytic activity, the basis of cancer immunotherapy that uses cytolytic cells, may be impaired in cancer. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the natural killer cytolytic activity and its response to the immunomodulators interleukin-2, interferon and phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in a group of 9 patients with renal cell cancer and 6 with prostatic cancer. The results were compared with those of 20 normal volunteers. Twelve patients were operated and were studied twice 48 h and 14 days after surgery. Natural killer cytolytic activity was significantly lower in renal cell and prostatic cancer patients than controls (3.3 +/- 1.6, 4.9 +/- 2.2 and 20.6 +/- 3.7% of specific lysis respectively). This activity was not modified in cancer patients by interleukin-2 50 UI/ml or interferon 3000 UI/ml and did not differ in the two postoperative periods. Phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was also lower in cancer patients, compared to controls (stimulation index of 18 +/- 3 and 26.5 +/- 5 respectively). It is concluded that these patients have a low immunological level and that this study is the first step towards an immunological characterization of cancer patients that are candidate to adoptive immunotherapy.
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PMID:[Natural killer cytolytic activity in renal and prostatic cancer]. 773 6

The incidence and mortality rate of urogenital cancers in Japan are both low compared to those in western countries. However, the incidence and mortality patterns of cancer in Japan are currently becoming closer to those of western countries, and the importance of urogenital cancers is increasing. We conducted an analysis of urogenital cancers in Gunma Prefecture. The subjects were newly detected urogenital cancer patients living in Gunma Prefecture diagnosed between 1985 and 1992. Details were as follows: prostate cancer 1411, bladder cancer 1253 (male 937, female 316), renal cell carcinoma 411 (male 287, female 124), renal pelvic and ureter cancer 187 (male 127, female 60) and testicular cancer 162. Incidence rate was calculated by year, district and age, and was expressed per 100,000/year and was adjusted to world population. Regarding the incidence rate per year for males, that of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma increased dramatically from 8.3 to 13.6 and from 1.1 to 3.2, respectively. Incidence rate of other cancers in males showed a slight increase or remained almost stable. Incidence rate by year for females showed a slight increase or remained almost stable as a whole. Gunma Prefecture was divided into 10 districts by the range of daily life of people and the incidence rates of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma for each district were calculated. Incidence rate of prostate cancer tended to be higher in the northern parts of the prefecture, while that of bladder cancer showed no detectable trend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An epidemiological study of urogenital cancer in Gunma Prefecture]. 786 47

The present communication deals with the study of 388 tumours of the male urogenital tract diagnosed histopathologically during the period of 1984 to 1990. Of these 12 (3.09%) were benign and the rest 376 (96.91%) malignant. The incidence of malignant growths of male urogenital tract was 8.71% of all the malignancies or 14.19% of all cancers in males. Renal tumours constituted 10.64% of all the malignant tumours of male urogenital tract or 1.51% of all the male cancers. Morphological variants were renal cell carcinoma (37.5%), Wilms' tumour (47.5%), transitional cell carcinoma (7.5%), papillary cystic adenocarcinoma (3.5%), leiomyosarcoma (2.5%), metastatic from thyroid (2.5%). The mean age of the cases for renal cell carcinoma was 50.3 years and for Wilms' tumour 3.5 years. Urinary bladder cancer comprised 29.52% of all the malignancies of male urogenital tract or 4.19% of all malignant growths in males. The average age of the patients was 53.9 years. Transitional cell carcinoma was the commonest type of tumour (91.9%). Primary malignant tumours of the testis constituted 0.95% of all the malignancies, 1.55% of all male cancers, 10.9% of all malignancies of male urogenital tract or 18.3% of all the malignant growths of male genital tract. The mean age of the patients was 40.6 years. Seminoma was the commonest -46.34% of all the testicular tumours. The incidence of prostatic cancer was 1.81% of all cancers, 2.95% of all malignancies in males or 20.74% of all malignancies of male urogenital tract or 34.82% of malignancies of male genital tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Tumours of the male urogenital tract: a clinicopathologic study. 789 Sep 39

In this retrospective study plain radiographs, radionuclide bone scans, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRT) examinations of 115 patients with metastatic carcinoma of the spine were analyzed. In 32 patients metastases were proven histologically and in the remainder by follow-up studies. Altogether, 513 vertebrae were evaluated. Forty-one patients had histologically proven breast cancer, 14 renal cell carcinoma, 11 prostate cancer, 8 melanoma. 8 tumors of the gastrointestinal system and 7 bronchial carcinoma. Evaluation of the plain films showed that the initial site of metastasis (n = 463) was the vertebral body in 441 cases and the pedicles in 294 cases. In CT scans most of the lesions confined to one part of the vertebral body (36 of 98) were localized in the posterior part. Twelve percent of the metastases were diagnosed with conventional radiography and 17% of those diagnosed with CT were not detected in skeletal scintigraphy. MRI was rarely used in diagnosing occult vertebral metastases (n = 37); 22% of the metastases demonstrated by MRI were not detected in skeletal scintigraphy. We concluded that only in 63.8% was the pedicle sign the initial site of metastasis on plain films. Bone scans and plain films are the most important diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring vertebral metastases. CT and MRI are only needed in patients with neurological symptoms and persistent pain.
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PMID:[Spinal metastases. Value of diagnostic procedures in the initial diagnosis and follow-up]. 789 39

Although Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) has been used as a contrast material in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is known that contrast enhancement effect is not uniform if the concentration of Gd-DTPA increases beyond some levels. In this study, to evaluate the proper pulse sequences for dynamic MRI in the human kidney, the concentration of Gd-DTPA was quantitatively measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry in human biological samples after administration of Gd-DTPA. The signal intensity of MRI in the solutions of several concentrations of Gd-DTPA was measured. The results were that in using a low magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 mumol/g under saturation recovery sequences (flip angle = 60 degrees or 90 degrees). Using a high magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 or 3.0 mumol/g under spin-echo or gradient-echo sequences. Gd-DTPA concentration of the renal cortex ranged from 0.132 to 0.152 mumol/g tissue at 5 min after IV injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight in six patients with adrenal tumor or renal cell cancer, and one patient with both urinary bladder cancer and prostatic cancer. Six of the patients showed normal renal function and the other had renal insufficiency (GFR = 25 ml/min/1.48 m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid enhanced MRI of kidney represent tissue concentration of contrast media in the kidney? In vivo and in vitro study. 800 71

Although Gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) has been used as a contrast material in magnetic resonance imaging, it is known that contrast enhancement effect disappears if the concentration of Gd-DPTA increases beyond some levels. In this study, to evaluate the proper pulse sequences for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the human kidney, the concentration of Gd-DTPA was quantitatively measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry in human biological samples after administration of Gd-DTPA, and the signal intensity of MRI is the solutions of several concentrations of Gd-DTPA was measured. The results were; 1. In using a low magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 mumol/g under saturation recovery sequences (flip angle was 60 degrees or 90 degrees). Using a high magnetic field apparatus, signal intensity linearly correlated with the concentration of Gd-DTPA between 0 and 2.0 or 3.0 mumol/g under spin echo or gradient-echo sequences. 2. Gd-DTPA concentration of the renal cortex ranged from 0.132 to 0.152 mumol/g tissue at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight in 7 patients with adrenal tumor or renal cell cancer, and 1 patient with both urinary bladder cancer and prostatic cancer. Seven of them showed normal renal function and the other had renal insufficiency (GFR 25 ml/min/1.48 m2). Gd-DTPA concentrations of renal medulla and renal cell cancer tissue were 0.123 and 0.108 mumol/g tissue, respectively, at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.05 mmol/kg body weight. These results suggest that the signal intensity of renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal cell cancer tissue may linearly correlate with Gd-DTPA concentration of tissues at 5 min after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA 0.5 mmol/kg body weight.
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PMID:Concentration of gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid in human kidney--study on proper time for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the human kidney on low and high magnetic fields. 812 80

We examined the role of two T cell-growth factors, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4, in expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from human tumors. In sarcoma, IL-4 (1,000 U/ml) with IL-2 (10 or 1,000 U/ml) grew TILs better than did IL-2 alone in six of 10 cases during 6 weeks of culture. IL-4 decreased the relative number of CD56+ cells, which correlated with a decrease in cytolysis against Daudi in six of 10 cases. The addition of IL-4 with 1,000 U of IL-2 maintained or increased cytolysis against autologous sarcoma, while decreasing nonspecific cytolysis against Daudi or allogeneic sarcoma in three of eight cases. IL-4 decreased cytolysis against both autologous sarcoma and Daudi in four of 10 cases, suggesting nonspecific activity in these instances. In renal cell cancer (RCC), IL-4 with IL-2 (10 or 1,000 U/ml) augmented TIL growth in six of eight cases, especially during the first 2-3 weeks of culture. IL-4 with 10 U of IL-2 increased cytolysis against both autologous RCC and Daudi in six of eight cases, suggesting possible prior cell activation. In contrast, IL-4 addition with 1,000 U of IL-2 maintained or increased cytolysis against autologous RCC, while decreasing cytolysis against Daudi or allogeneic RCC in four of eight cases. In cases of bladder and of prostate cancer, IL-4 with 1,000 U of IL-2 grew TILs slightly better in five of seven cases for the first 2-3 weeks. Bladder TILs grown with IL-2 and/or IL-4 were CD+ T cell predominant (three of five) and rarely lytic for autologous tumor. In colon cancer and hepatoma, TILs grown with IL-2 and/or IL-4 were nonlytic for the autologous tumor. IL-4 in conjunction with IL-2 could therefore augment growth of some TILs especially for the first 2-3 weeks from various human tumors.
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PMID:Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human tumors using the T-cell growth factors interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. 828 Jul 17

Generally speaking, the outcome of cancer chemotherapy for urologic malignancies is poor. This poor response is attributed to the weak sensitivity to anti-cancer agents, represented by renal cell cancer, and the advanced age of most patients to tolerate the toxicities of the drugs, as is experienced in prostate cancer patients, which leads to insufficient therapy. Biochemical modulation was initially used to refer to the enhancement of the effect of 5-FU by modulating its pharmacological action by the addition of other drugs. The concept was expanded to the enhancement of the effect of the chemotherapeutic agents, potentiating the pharmacological action and/or reducing the toxicity, by means of any drug or biological modality. This preface is for the following 7 articles which were based on the presentations at the Symposium of 42nd Annual Meeting of Central Section of Japanese Urological Association in 1992, entitled as "Biochemical modulation of chemotherapy of urologic malignancies".
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PMID:[Biochemical modulation of chemotherapy of urologic malignancies]. 828 70

Responses to coumarin have been reported for patients suffering from malignant melanoma, metastatic renal carcinoma and, recently, advanced prostate cancer. These data together with some experimental evidence for antiprostatic effect prompted us to study the activity of coumarin in various prostate tumour models and evaluate the endocrine properties of this drug. In rats no antiandrogenic activity was found. The growth of Noble Nb-R prostate tumours of the rat was strongly inhibited by coumarin (40 mg/kg; administered three times per week), whereas the hormonally more sensitive Dunning R3327-G rat prostate carcinoma did not respond to coumarin (40 mg) even when the drug was administered daily. Coumarin was also shown to possess antimetastatic activity in a Dunning R3327-MatLu tumour model. In this model small pieces of the hormone-independent tumour were implanted into the ear of the animal and later resected to mimic the clinical situation where primary tumours have been removed. The number of lung metastases was reduced significantly by 40%-50% following the administration of coumarin (40 mg daily).
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PMID:Evaluation of the antitumour activity of coumarin in prostate cancer models. 841 87

Antibody-labelled granulocytes, antigranulocyte antibodies and radiolabelled immunoglobulin can reliably visualize foci of infection; their use in urologic inflammatory disorders is rare. In the diagnosis of urologic tumours anti-CEA immunoscintigraphy of urinary bladder cancer seems to be superior to conventional imaging techniques in sensitivity and specificity. Experience with immunoscintigraphy in non-seminomatous germ cell tumours and prostate cancer are limited; immunoscintigraphy of renal cell cancer is still in the experimental stage in clinical medicine.
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PMID:[Immunoscintigraphy in inflammatory and malignant diseases. anti-leukocyte and anti-tumor antibodies]. 847 8


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