Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The urinary neopterin excretion was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 417 healthy subjects and in 76 patients with clinically and pathohistologically verified neoplasias of the urinary tract (bladder tumor, carcinoma of the prostate, and renal cell carcinoma). The patients with early tumor stages both with bladder tumor and carcinoma of the prostate had normal urinary neopterin levels, except one patient with bladder tumor who had a value at the upper confidence limit. Of 40 patients with higher stages of bladder tumor and carcinoma of the prostate, 35 had elevated urinary neopterin levels. Two of 10 patients with bladder tumor in stage T3, 1 of 4 patients with carcinoma of the prostate Stage C, and 2 of 15 patients with prostatic cancer Stage D showed normal neopterin levels. The patients with renal cell carcinoma did not demonstrate any definite correlation between tumor stage and urinary neopterin excretion. The current study suggests that the neopterin assay may supplement laboratory measurements in tumors of the urinary tract, providing helpful information regarding case selection for the most convenient therapeutic management and postoperative follow-up.
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PMID:Significance of urinary neopterin in patients with malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. 396 90

A phase II study on recombinant human leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) was carried out in 30 patients with urogenital cancers. Each patient received rIFN-alpha A by i.m. injection every day for at least 4 weeks. The initial daily dose was 3 X 10(6) U, being escalated at intervals of 3 days or more up to 50 X 10(6) U. The results are summarized as follows: In aged patients, the daily dose appropriate for everyday i.m. injection was considered to be 9 X 10(6) U or below, judging from the adverse reactions observed. According to Koyama and Saito's response criteria, partial response (PR) and minor response (MR) were obtained, respectively, in 3 and 1 out of 12 patients with renal cell carcinoma, while PR was seen in 1 out of 9 with urothelial cancer. No response was observed in patients with testicular cancer and in those with prostatic cancer. Various kinds of adverse reactions were recognized and each patient showed one reaction or more. Fever, fatigue, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia and elevation of GOT and GPT were observed relatively frequently. Among these, fatigue and thrombocytopenia were regarded as dose limiting factors.
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PMID:[Phase II study of recombinant human leukocyte A interferon on urogenital cancer patients]. 400 82

At present there is no effective chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of renal carcinoma. In Japan there have been reports concerning group studies employing alpha and beta-type interferon (IFN) with effective results of being obtained. The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma is exceptionally difficult but Kato and his co-workers at Akita university have achieved good results with a chemo-embolization method employing MMC-mc. In cases of bladder cancer, there have been several reports in the international and Japanese reports concerning the relationship between prognosis and the loss of ABO blood antigens on the cellular membrane. We consider that, in it's negative cases, aggressive multidisciplinary treatment is necessary even in early stage cases. The treatment of prostate cancer is primarily based on hormone treatment but in cases of recurrence or hormone resistant cases chemotherapy including adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and cis-platin is employed but complete response is difficult to obtain. Therefore the problem is how to control such cases for as long as possible.
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PMID:[Multidisciplinary therapy of urogenital cancer]. 405 73

Recently, the study of the physiological role of the essential trace elements is being emphasized. Some environmental and disease factors has been demonstrated to perturb trace element homeostasis. A number of recent studies have described alterations in serum copper levels (SCLs) and serum zinc levels (SZLs) in human cancer patients and the relationship between the magnitude of their perturbation and disease activity. This report describes SCLs, SZLs and SCL/SZL ratios in patients with malignant neoplasms of the urogenital tract at various clinical stages and the relationship of the levels of these trace elements to disease activity. According to SCLs before treatment, patients with renal cell carcinoma appeared to be separated into two groups, normal SCL group and higher SCL group. In the higher SCL group, patients generally displayed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, alpha 2 globulin, beta 2 microglobulin, ferritin and CEA. In this group, SCL was a useful index of disease activity. In the normal SCL group, SCLs remained within normal limit even in patients with advanced disease. In renal cell carcinoma, SZLs did not reflect disease activity. In transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, patients with metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and significantly decreased SZLs, compared with normal controls or patients without metastasis. In transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, no distinct relationships were observed between these trace elements and extent of malignancy. But there was a trend toward increasing SCLs and decreasing SZLs with progressing stage and SCL/SZL ratios fairly reflect stage of disease. Patients with prostatic cancer had nearly normal SCLs and SZLs, although there were a few exceptions. Testicular cancer patients with distant metastasis had significantly elevated SCLs and initially high SCLs decreased in patients responding to therapy and increased again in relapse. SZLs and, hence, SCL/SZL ratios had no relationship to activity of testicular cancer. Currently there is no satisfactory way of following the progress of malignancies of the urogenital tract except prostatic cancer with elevated acid phosphatase and non-seminomatous testicular tumors until the secondary tumor can be detected radiographically. Our study suggests that these trace element might be a useful indicator of disease activity of some of the urogenital malignancies.
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PMID:[Serum copper and zinc levels in patients with malignant neoplasm of the urogenital tract]. 408 94

Eighteen patients with advanced genitourinary carcinoma have been treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) since 1978, at our University Hospital. They were 3 patients with prostatic cancer, 3 patients with bladder cancer, 6 patients with testicular tumors, 5 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 1 patient with malignant pheochromocytoma. Four patients with testicular tumors were administrated CDDP, bleomycin (BLM) and vinblastine (VBL). A testicular tumor patient was given CDDP, vincristine and actinomycin-D, a bladder cancer patient was given CDDP, VBL and Pepleomycin as combined chemotherapy. The remaining 12 patients were treated only with CDDP. Five of the 6 patients with testicular tumor and a case of choriocarcinoma of left kidney showed an objective response. As side effects, bone marrow suppression was inevitable when VBL and BLM were given along with CDDP. Renal dysfunction was seen in 5 patients on whom BVP regimen was employed. Various degrees of nausea and vomiting were present in almost all patients during CDDP administration. The combination chemotherapy with CDDP appears to be effective in nonseminomatous testicular tumor. The effectiveness of CDDP against other genitourinary carcinomas may require further investigation.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of advanced genitourinary carcinoma with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum]. 608 21

Over the past year, we have attempted to grow both primary and metastatic urologic malignancies using a recently developed human tumor cloning system. Formation of colonies in vitro occurred in 125 of 164 primary tumors (76%), including 34 of 47 uroepithelial cancer specimens, 45 of 50 renal cell cancer specimens, 24 of 33 prostatic cancer specimens, and 22 of 34 testicular cancer specimens. A large percentage of metastatic cancers have also been successfully cultured. Growth sufficient for chemosensitivity testing ranged from 43% of the uroepithelial cancers cultured to 64% of the renal cell cancer specimens cultured. When in vitro chemosensitivity testing was performed, the in vitro chemosensitivity results show a striking similarity to clinical response rates for the same agents used for these tumors. Overall the human tumor cloning system appears to be a reasonable model for the study of human urologic malignancies.
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PMID:Clonogenic assay and in vitro chemosensitivity testing of human urologic malignancies. 617 93

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PA), a new tumor marker of prostate cancer, was evaluated with an eznyme immunoassay (EIA) in various urologic cancer patients and benign prostatic diseases in Japanese. Sera of prostate cancer patients before treatment (n = 27) revealed a range of PA concentrations from 0.12-23 ng/ml with a mean (+/- SD) of 5.78 +/- 6.85 ng/ml, while that of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (n = 27) showed from less than 0.10 to 2.6 ng/ml with 0.84 +/- 0.81 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). The mean serum PA levels in nonprostatic cancers were calculated as follows: bladder cancer (n - 21), 0.77 +/- 0.55 ng/ml; renal pelvis or ureteral cancer (n = 6), 0.46 +/- 0.47 ng/ml; renal adenocarcinoma (n equal to 6), 1.07 +/- 0.77 ng/ml; other urologic cancers (n = 6), 0.55 +/- 0.52 ng/ml. Serum PA ranged from less than 0.10 to 1.1 ng/ml in patients with prostatitis (n = 5). A significant statistical difference in serum PA levels between prostate cancer and other groups was recognized. These results suggested that an elevation of serum PA value was highly specific to prostate cancer in urological malignancies. The evaluation of serum PA may be of great value in the detection of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of serum prostate-specific antigen in urologic cancers. 619 84

Ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels in serum from 77 patients with cancer (6 with renal adenocarcinoma, 9 with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, 29 with bladder cancer and 33 with prostatic cancer) at various stages were clinically evaluated for their significance as a parameter of urinary tract malignancies. Although, ferritin, CEA and beta 2-MG levels in the poorly-differentiated and advanced stage groups of renal adenocarcinoma, renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, and bladder cancer were higher than those in the well-differentiated and early stage groups, those in most cases were within normal ranges. These proteins were not considered suitable for the screening test. Ferritin and beta 2-MG levels increased with advancement of the performance status (P.S.) proposed by Koyama and Saito; however, the latter was affected greatly by renal impairment. In prostatic cancer, PAP and ferritin levels were remarkably high in the poorly-differentiated group (PAP mean +/- S.E.: 57.6 +/- 22.5 ng/ml, ferritin 883 +/- 319 ng/ml) and the advanced stage group (27.2 +/- 10.5 ng/ml, 398 +/- 152 ng/ml) compared to the well-differentiated group (7.87 +/- 3.61 ng/ml, 88.5 +/- 25.8 ng/ml) and the early stage group (2.24 +/- 0.54 ng/ml, 186 +/- 91.7 ng/ml). PAP and ferritin levels of the untreated cases were positive in 10 out of 18 cases (55.6%) and 7 out of 18 cases (38.9%), respectively, and those of the relapsing cases were positive in 4 out of 7 cases (57.1%) and 6 out of 7 cases (85.7%), respectively. However, CEA and beta 2-MG levels were negative in most cases. Furthermore, increments of PAP and ferritin levels, especially that of the ferritin level, were significantly related to advancement of P.S., and high ferritin levels were obtained in all cases of P.S. 3 and 4. Therefore, determination of PAP and ferritin seems to be useful in monitoring prostatic cancer, and the latter to be useful in early detection of relapsing cases.
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PMID:[Assessment of serum ferritin, CEA, beta 2-MG and PAP determinations in patients with urinary tract malignancies]. 637 13

Renal cell carcinoma is the third most frequent cause of urological cancer death in Japan. The first is bladder cancer and the second is prostatic cancer. However, there has been no clinical trial of mass screening for early detection of renal cell carcinoma. With a view to discovering a method of early detection for renal cell carcinoma, we analyzed the procedures for discovering renal cell carcinoma in 33 patients who were treated at our hospital. In 10 patients, carcinoma had been discovered accidentally without gross hematuria, abdominal mass or flank pain. Seven of these patients were first suspected of having renal cell carcinoma by ultrasonography, two by intravenous pyelography (IVP) and one by computed tomography. Seven out of nine patients operated on were surgically diagnosed as having stage I and two as having stage II. Ultrasonography is far better than IVP from the points of view of noninvasiveness, ease of performance and accuracy. In our study, ultrasonography was the most useful method for early detection of renal cell carcinoma. However, for the mass screening of renal cell cancer by ultrasonography, it is necessary to make its specificity and sensitivity clear and to debate its cost effectiveness.
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PMID:The value of ultrasonography in early detection of renal cell carcinoma. 638 76

Clinical study of UFT which was a mixture of FT and uracil, was conducted on 16 patients with urogenital malignancies. Seven patients had renal cell carcinoma, 5 patients had bladder cancer and 4 patients had prostatic cancer. UFT was continuously administrated at doses of 300 mg or 600 mg per day. One of the patients with renal cell carcinoma and 1 of the patients with bladder cancer showed a complete response, and 1 patient with each cancer showed a partial response, but none of the 4 patients with prostatic cancer responded. In total, complete or partial responses were obtained in 4 of the 16 patients, given an effective rate of 25.0%. Concerning side effects, 3 of the 16 patients complained of anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and stomatitis, but no hepatic or renal disorders, or marrow depression was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of UFT on urogenital tumors]. 642


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