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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels were measured in patients with renal, vesical and prostatic cancer. Measurements were made only on samples with a serum creatinine less than or equal to 105 mumol./l. to eliminate the possibility of elevated beta-2-microglobulin being a result of impaired renal function. This criterion eliminated 28 to 50 per cent of the patients with bladder cancer and 73 per cent of those who had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, which, obviously, limits the value of beta-2-microglobulin measurement for the surveillance in these cancers. Beta-2-microglobulin values in patients with prostatic cancer were seldom increased to more than 3.0 mg./l. In bladder cancer patients with normal serum creatinine the frequency of an elevated serum beta-2-microglobulin increased with the increase in tumor stage.
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PMID:Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in urological cancer. 8 16

Cells cultured from human urogenital cancer and other cancers as well as cells from noncancerous tissues were examined by immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to T-antigens and capsid antigens of papovaviruses BK virus (BKV), JC virus, and simian virus 40(SV40), and to capsid antigens of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Cells from early passage cultures of 123 primary tissues and from 14 continuous lines derived from transitional or renal cell carcinoma were tested. None of the cell preparations was specifically stained with any of the antisera. A serologic comparison of patients with bladder cancer, patients with prostate cancer, and normal control groups of BKV hemagglutination-inhibiting and SV40-neutralizing antibodies showed no differences among the 3 groups. None of the sera in the 3 groups had SV40 or BKV T-antibodies. In tests of supernatants of 35 primary cultures for presence of virus, a single isolation, that of a cytomegalovirus, was made. The study revealed no evidence that infection with papovaviruses of the SV40-polyoma subgroup has any part in the production of bladder and prostate cancer.
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PMID:Investigation of human urogenital tract tumors of papovavirus etiology: brief communication. 20 10

We used delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis, and lymphocyte surface markers to examine the relationships among host immunologic competence, tumor type, tumor stage, prognosis, and the effects of cancer treatments in patients with genitourinary cancer. We found correlations between host immune competence and both tumor stage and prognosis among patients with bladder cancer, renal cell cancer, and those with advanced prostate cancer not receiving endocrine therapy, but not among patients with prostate cancer receiving endocrine therapy. Radiation and chemotherapy suppressed T-lymphocyte levels, but a chemotherapy-induced tumor remission resulted in a rebound of T-cell counts to above normal levels. In tissue sections of bladder cancers, regions of mononuclear infiltration were virtually devoid of cells with complement receptors or receptors for cytophilic antibody, which suggested that lymphocytes infiltrating bladder cancers are predominantly T-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Host immunocompetence in genitourinary cancer: relation to tumor stage and prognosis. 31 91

One hundred and forty-seven fully and partially evaluable patients with advanced measurable malignancies of the genitourinary and gynecologic organs were given cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) at a dose of 75 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Thirty-six patients with testicular neoplasms were studied; five complete responses (13.9%) and seven partial responses (PR) (19.4%) were noted. Thirty-seven patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma were evaluated; five PRs (13.5%) were seen. One complete response (11.1%) and two PRs (22.2%) were obtained among nine patients with urinary bladder cancer. Four PRs (19.0%) were seen among a group of 21 patients with advanced prostate cancer. One PR (4.8%) was noted among 21 patients with renal cell cancer and no responses were seen in eight patients with cervical cancer. There was a highly statistically significant (P less than 0.001) survival advantage for the responding testicular tumor patients. Toxicity was similar to that previously reported, with gastrointestinal side effects and nephrotoxicity most commonly seen. Prospective and sequential analysis of renal function provided strong evidence for cumulative nephrotoxicity in these patients given bolus injections of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) without prehydration or treatment with fuosemide or mannitol.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in advanced malignancies of the genitourinary and gynecologic organs: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 49 55

Antiestrogens, e.g., nafoxidine, tamoxifen, and clomiphene, have been reported to induce objective clinical remissions in patients with breast cancer. Review of data indicates activity of these agents in renal and prostate cancer. In a trial of nafoxidine in 20 patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 2 complete and 1 partial regressions were observed. Stabilization of the disease for 3 months was noted in 5 patients. In another trial, 2 of 4 patients with renal cancer responded to tamoxifen. Similar experiences have been recorded in endometrial cancer with clomiphene. In patients with prostatic cancer, responses have been reported in 1 of 2 patients receiving nafoxidine and in 2 of 4 receiving tamoxifen. These preliminary clinical data should encourage trial of antiestrogens in malignancies other than breast cancer. Estrogen receptor studies may help identify patients most likely to benefit. These agents have a relative lack of toxicity.
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PMID:Letter: Antiestrogens in the treatment of cancer. 93 94

Although the incidence of endobronchial metastasis in cases of extrathoracic tumors is 2 to 5 percent in autopsy reports, it is about 30 percent according to endoscopic examination (so-called endoscopic endobronchial metastasis). To confirm the nature of endoscopic endobronchial metastasis, we reviewed the records from 1980 to 1990, presuming the primary foci of metastasis. Of the 36 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumor, 6 (16.7%) were diagnosed as having endobronchial metastasis endoscopically. The primary tumors were colonic cancer (2), prostatic cancer (2), cancer of the tongue (1), and renal cell carcinoma (1). The chest X-ray findings were nodular shadow (3), atelectasis (2), and hilar lymphadenopathy with atelectasis (1). Three patients were treated by lobectomy and the others by systemic therapy alone. The presumed primary foci of metastasis were peripheral lung (3), mediastinal lymph node (1), and undetermined (2). The results of the present study suggest that so-called endoscopic endobronchial metastasis does not necessarily imply metastasis to the bronchial wall.
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PMID:[Endoscopic endobronchial metastasis]. 140 76

This article reviews the present understanding of chromosomal aberrations and specific genetic mutations in renal, bladder, and prostate cancers. In kidney tumors, specific emphasis is given to chromosome 3 deletions in renal cell carcinoma and the characterization of the WT1 gene in Wilms' tumor. In all three urological tumors, the presence of mutations in the RAS, P53, and RB genes (all of which often occur in other tumors) is analyzed. The expression and properties of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer are also summarized.
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PMID:The molecular biology of urological tumors. 157 58

Recent progress in elucidating the complex and heterogeneous interactions between malignancy and coagulation or fibrinolysis reactions in humans has clarified the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation that occurs with malignancy and has revealed evidence for two distinct pathways of growth regulation based on production by tumor cells of initiators of thrombin formation versus plasminogen activators. We have proposed a preliminary classification of tumors (see Table 2) based on these interactions. Type I tumors are those in which the tumor cells are associated with an intact coagulation pathway that leads to thrombin formation at the tumor periphery but in which the tumor cells lack u-PA. Examples of tumors in this category include SCCL, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Type II tumors are those in which the tumor cells express u-PA but lack an associated coagulation pathway leading to thrombin formation. Examples of type II tumors include prostate cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and N-SCLC. Type III tumors are those that express neither of these pathways, or exhibit some other pattern of interaction. Obviously, this formulation must be regarded as hypothetical. However, this concept fits with the limited data available to date from clinical trials. More importantly, this hypothesis can be tested further by means of intervention aimed at interrupting pathways relevant to specific tumor types. Characterization of additional tumor types by the methods described should permit amplification of this classification of tumors and other patterns of interaction may be defined. Exploration of the coagulation-cancer interaction holds considerable promise for gaining new understanding of both the coagulation mechanism and tumor biology. Most intriguing is the prospect that imaginative approaches to cancer treatment may be devised that are not only relatively nontoxic and low cost, but also effective.
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PMID:Pathways of coagulation/fibrinolysis activation in malignancy. 157 11

Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) is a non-specific immunoreactive protein arising from inflammatory or malignant conditions in the human body. We determined the IAP levels in 65 cases with urological malignancies and in 31 cases with benign diseases as a control group during a 9-month period. There were significantly higher serum levels of IAP in cases of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (p = 0.025), prostate adenocarcinoma (p less than 0.00001) and upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (kidney and/or ureter, p = 0.013) as compared with those of the control group. Significant differences in IAP between different tumor stages were found in the bladder cancer group with high stage cases having higher IAP levels (p less than 0.0005). However, no significant differences were found between different tumor gradings. Most of the prostate cancer patients had extremely high IAP values (1,029 +/- 490 micrograms/ml) in this study. Renal cell carcinoma and testicular tumors showed no statistical differences from the control group (p = 0.89 and 0.37, respectively). No differences could be found in the different age groups (by decades) or sexes. The serum IAP level can be a good non-specific tumor marker for bladder cancer staging and probably a good follow-up tool for most urological malignancy patients.
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PMID:Serum level of immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with urological malignancies. 168 Sep 90

We examined Southern blot analysis of genomic DNAs from 70 patients with sporadic renal cell carcinoma, using the human L-myc oncogene fragment as a hybridization probe. Our purpose was to study the relationship between the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the L-myc and the frequencies of metastasis. The patients were classified into 3 genotypes according to the polymorphic patterns defined by two alleles (L-L:17, L-S:31, S-S:22). The relative ratios of the 3 genotypes in the renal cancer patients were similar to those seen in healthy Japanese. However, of 20 patients who exhibited distant metastases at diagnosis, only 2 belonged to the L-L type. The incidence of distant metastasis in L-L type patients was significantly lower than that in L-S and S-S patients (p = 0.068, by Fisher's exact probability test). These results basically correspond to the previous findings in the lung cancer patients [Kawashima et al.: Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 2353-2356, 1988]. On the other hand, L-myc RFLP analysis in 50 prostatic cancer patients revealed that the incidence of metastasis at diagnosis did not correlate with L-myc genotypes. L-myc RFLP seems to be less promising in prostatic cancer than in lung or kidney cancer.
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PMID:Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the L-myc gene and susceptibility to metastasis in genitourinary cancers. 168 40


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