Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of sera from 256 human cancer patients on the human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay was studied. The cancer sera were compared to normal sera for their ability to alter the effector function of lymphocytes following 30 minutes' treatment at 37 degrees C. Even with this brief treatment, 74% of the 256 cancer sera inhibited effector activity. In most instances this inhibition was greater in patients with metastatic disease than in those without. Patients with colon and prostate cancer showed a statistically significant increase in inhibition among patients with disseminated disease (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.01, respectively). An opposite effect was noted only in melanomas. It is suggested that the inhibition of the effector function in ADCC is a potential in vitro measure of the immunologic status of cancer patients.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 May
PMID:Inhibition of effector cell function in human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by sera from cancer patients. 85 35

The Dunning R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma of the Copenhagen rat was developed as a suitable model of human prostate cancer. Inoculation of tumor tissue mince or cells sc in the flanks of recipient rats produced tumors that had the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the human disease. The histologic picture of these tumors was that of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with the formation of glands and acid secretions within the acini. Tumors were also produced in the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate by the injection of cells. The intraprostate tumor, although initially confined to the injected lobe, grew to involve the surrounding tissues and eventually metastasized to the lymph nodes and lungs. Occasional metastatic lesions were found in other organs also. Acid phosphatase could be domonstrated by histochemical staining of frozen tumor sections, and elevated levels of the enzyme were seen in the sera of rats bearing long-term subcutaneous tumors. During investigation of the tumor, a fast-growing tumor line arose that grew equally as well in females as in males. The histology of this tumor was that of an undifferentiated anaplastic tumor.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Jun
PMID:R3327 adenocarcinoma of the Copenhagen rat as a model for the study of the immunologic aspects of prostate cancer. 86 47

The authors have evaluated a new kinetic acid phosphatase method in which the substrate is alpha-naphthyl phosphate. The original claim that this substrate was highly specific for the prostatic isozyme has been strongly challenged. Therefore, large numbers of patients in the following groupings were included in the evaluation: 52 urology clinic patients, 17 patients with uremia, 11 patients with multiple myeloma and 231 patients who had undergone prostatic biopsies. Two hundred seventy of these patients were found to be free of prostatic cancer. Of these, seven had acid phosphatase values above the upper limit of normal. Five of these seven patients had diagnoses of fibromuscular glandular hyperplasia. One was a woman who had multiple myeloma, and one was a uremic patient. Fifteen of 17 patients who had metastatic cancer of the prostate had elevated acid phosphatase activities, whereas one of 24 patients who had cancer of the prostate but no evidence of metastases had an elevated value.
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PMID:An evaluation of a kinetic acid phosphatase method. 86 5

A clinical and pathologic comparison of carcinoma of the prostate in a high-risk US (Washington, DC) black population and in a low-risk Nigerian (Ibadan) black population is presented. Fifty-two percent of American patients were in clinical stages I and II, whereas only 10% of Nigerian patients were in the same stages. Testosterone and estradiol blood levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in patients with carcinoma of the prostate from Ibadan compared with American black prostate cancer patients from Washington, DC. Age-standardized incidence rates (world standard) for 1000 autopsies for micro (incidental)-carcinoma were approximately equal in American and African black men. The incidence rate of invasive carcinoma was, however, even after adjustment for age, higher in American black men than in African men.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Characterization of prostatic carcinoma among blacks: a continuation report. 87 28

Using mortality and incidence data from Alameda County, California, this study attempted to determine whether the higher occurrence rate of prostatic cancer among black men as compared with whites in the United States might be explained by racial differences in factors associated with socioeconomic status. Each death or case of prostatic cancer was assigned to a social class based on census tract of residence, and rates by race and socioeconomic status were computed. Comparison of age-specific mortality and incidence rates by socioeconomic status reveals no gradient in either whites or blacks. The higher risk for blacks holds up at almost every age and socioeconomic level. However, the racial differences are less pronounced for incidence than for mortality. Racial differences in the occurrrence of deaths appearing in Part II of the death certificate are also examined.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Race, socioeconomic status, and prostatic cancer. 87 29

The Dunning R3327H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma appears to be an appropriate animal model for studying prostatic cancer. This report contains a detailed characterization of this tumor at the morphologic, biochemical, and therapeutic levels. Electron micrographic, histologic, and histochemical studies clearly establish the adenocarcinoma nature of this tumor. The histology of the R3327H tumor is similar to well-differentiated human prostatic cancer. The biochemical and enzymatic profile of the tumor indicates its origin from the rat dorsolateral prostate. The cell kinetics and growth rates of this tumor following a variety of hormonal manipulations (castration, estrogens, androgens, and antiandrogens) have established that 70%-90% of the cells in this tumor require androgens for their growth. However, 10%-30% of the cells are capable of growth in the absence of androgens. Both cell types are present in the initial tumor inoculum and these different cell types possess similar growth rates. The predominance of the androgen-sensitive cells accounts for the relatively greater size of the tumor achieved in the intact male animal at a given growth time. After the tumor is well established in an intact animal, subsequent estrogen therapy or castration resulted in a marked diminution in tumro volume. This was followed by a subsequent relapse. In addition, estramustine phosphate was also shown to cause shrinkage in the tumor volume.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Characterization of the Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma: an appropriate animal model for prostatic cancer. 87 32

In a previous study, 50 patients with prostatic carcinoma were given continuous oral estramustine phosphate at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day. All patients had progressed on prior standard treatment. The objective and subjective response rates were 19% and 36% respectively. Seven of the 50 patients are still receiving treatment after 1-3 years. One patient who was given estramustine phosphate therapy for 1 year achieved a complete response, which included disappearance of osteoblastic metastasis. He still continues in unmaintained remission despite the fact that estramustine phosphate therapy was stopped because of gastrointestinal toxicity. No serious side effects related to the drug have been seen. Estramustine phosphate may be given safely for a prolonged period and has a place in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer refractory to hormonal therapy. Twenty-one patients with stage D prostatic adenocarcinoma who failed hormonal therapy were treated with a combination of estramustine phosphate (600 mg/m2/day) plus prednimustine (Leo-1031) (15 mg/m2/day) in daily oral doses. Fifteen patients have been treated with prednimustine alone. The preliminary results of the combination therapy (after 2-9 months) are as follows: five patients (24%) had an objective response and nine patients (44%) had subjective improvement. Only five (24%) did not benefit from the drug and seven (33%) are stable. Of the 16 patients treated with prednimustine alone, one patient has had an unequivocal objective response and one experienced a considerable objective improvement. These preliminary results indicate the possible advantage of adding an alkylating agent (prednimustine) to estramustine phosphate in advanced prostatic carcinoma.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:New steroidal alkylating agents in advanced stage D carcinoma of the prostate. 87 34

Cancer incidence rates by race, sex, and cancer site were obtained from the Third National Cancer Survey for the years 1969-71 for residents of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. When the sex-site-specific rates for 1969-71, as well as incidence rates from surveys in the county in 1937, 1947, and 1957-58, were compared with U.S. rates for 1937, 1947, and 1969-71, a number of significant changes in incidence were observed. Male incidence of cancers of the lung, bronchus, and trachea increased steadily between 1937 and 1969-71 both in Allegheny County and the United States. In the county, female incidence rates for these cancers decreased in the period 1947 to 1957-58 but showed an average annual increased of 9.2 percent in the interval 1957-58 to 1969-71. Incidence rates for county males increased by an average of 4.4 percent per year from 1957-58 to 1969-71. For stomach cancer, incidence rates for both sexes have decreased sharply in the county and in the United States. In the county, stomach cancer rates for females declined by an annual average of 4 percent from 1957-58 to 1969-71, while those formales dropped 2.1 percent. There appears to have been a steady decline over time in cervical cancer in Allegheny County, although the average annual rate of decrease of 2.8 percent for the latest interval (1957-58 to 1969-71) is not as large as the decrease of 3.9 percent per year from 1947 to 1957-58. Breast cancer rates for the county appear to have been steadily, although slowly, increasing at an average rate of about 0.6 percent per year, in contrast to almost constant U.S. rates. The county's breast cancer incidence rate for 1969-71 almost equals the U.S rate. There have been steady increases in prostate cancer incidence in both Allegheny County and the United States since 1937. For all sites combined, male cancer incidence rates increased, while those for females slowly decreased in both Allegheny County and the United States during the interval 1937 to 1969-71. In the county, male rates for the interval 1937 to 1969-71 increased an average of 1 percent per year, while female rates declined approximately 0.3 percent annually.
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PMID:Trends in cancer incidence in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 1937-71. 87 12

From the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) Interview Study of 7,518 incident cases, lifetime histories of occupations and industries were studied for associations with specific cancer sites and types while controlling for age, sex, race, education, use of cigarettes or alcohol, and geographic location. Lung cancer patients were found more often than expected among several categories including trucking, air transportation, wholesaling, painting, building construction, building maintenance, and manufacturing (furniture, transportation equipment, and food products). Controlling for cigarette smoking did not change these associations. Leukemia and multiple myeloma were associated with sales personnel of both sexes, whereas lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were excessive among women working in the medical industry. Other associations included rectal cancer with several retail industries; prostate cancer with ministers, farmers, plumbers, and coal miners; malignant melanoma with school teachers; and invasive cervical cancer with women working in hotels and restaurants. Breast cancer patients were more common among women who were teachers or other professionals and who worked in business and finance (even after controlling for education). Many other findings are presented in detailed tables. Results are reported mainly as a research resource for use by other investigators doing work in this field. Suggestions are given for future studies.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Oct
PMID:Associations of cancer site and type with occupation and industry from the Third National Cancer Survey Interview. 90 93

The possibility of altering the course of prostatic cancer by immunologic means requires a clear understanding of the host-tumor relationship in this disease. Available data suggest that prostatic tumors contain both prostate-specific and tumor-specific antigens, although evidence on the latter is still debatable. Patients with prostatic cancer often show nonspecific depression of their cell-mediated immunocompetence, as do patients with many other forms of cancer. The question of whether prostatic cancers are immunogenic; that is, whether they elicit a specific immunologic response, remains unanswered.
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PMID:Immunology of prostatic carcinoma-an overview. 93 81


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