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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Open perineal cryosurgical prostatectomy has been reported previously in 154 consecutive prostatic cancer patients at our center. In 37 of these patients post-cryosurgery biopsies of the prostate were obtained. In the present report we compare this tissue to the preoperative biopsies. The data suggest that well differentiated cancers are associated with advantageous survival in cryosurgery patients. Lymphoid and eosinophilic cell infiltrates may represent post-cryosurgical local immune responses, with improved survival. Estrogen therapy seems to suppress this local immune response. One month or more after cryosurgery cancer in the biopsy correlates with palpable local recurrence but prior to 1 month it does not correlate. Cryosurgery by the open perineal approach has been an effective method to eliminate the primary lesion in localized and extensive prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Biopsy and clinical course after cryosurgery for prostatic cancer. 68 48

Based on the epidemiologic literature, the problem of mass cancer screening projects is discussed. In the case of breast cancer the evidence for a reduction of mortality in the age group over 50 seems conclusive, whereas the specific role of mammography is still controversial. At present, no routine mammographic screening should be undertaken in women under 50 years of age. There is presumptive evidence that routine proctosigmoidoscopy for early diagnosis of cancer of the large bowel reduces mortality. However, this method seems of doubtful practical value for financial and psychological reasons. There is reason to believe that improvement in colorectal survival rates may be expected with widespread use of the "Hemoccult" test. Routine screening for cervical cancer should be continued, although the epidemiological evidence of its value is only circumstantial. In the case of lung cancer, there is not much hope that secondary prevention will improve mortality rates. Earlier detection of prostatic cancer by means of digital examination may eventually improve mortality rates, but at present the evidence is lacking.
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PMID:[Problems of early detection of neoplasms from an epidemiological point of view]. 68 99

Tumor-associated antigen-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition has been used as an in vitro criterion for evaluating the effect of estrogen on cell-mediated antitumor-associated immunity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Significant (p less than 0.05) suppression from the reactivity obtained with untreated patients' leukocytes to allogeneic extracts of malignant prostatic tissue ranging from 19 to 80% was observed in all patients following preincubation of their leukocytes with diethylstilbesterol diphosphate. The observed suppression of tumor-associated immunity in the presence of exogenous estrogen provides further evidence to earlier studies that demonstrated estrogenic suppression of nonspecific cellular responsiveness as evaluated by phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocytic blastogenesis of normal and prostatic cancer patients' lymphocytes and for the initially suggested concern over the efficacy of estrogenic therapy and its adverse effect on host cell-mediated immunological responsiveness.
Cancer Res 1978 Nov
PMID:Effect of estrogen on tumor-associated immunity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 69 29

Hormonal therapy is the dominating form of treatment for prostatic carcinoma. The majority of cases (80%) are well controlled for varying times with this regimen. However, thus far there have been no adequate methods to predict in which cases hormonal therapy is of less benefit. Measurement of cancer tissue content of intracellular hormone receptors constitutes progress toward a more individualized therapy in prostatic carcinoma. In this study biopsies from 16 cancer patients were taken before therapy was given, and the specimens were analyzed with regard to content of specific methyltrienolone-binding sites. A correlation has been made between receptor content and clinical response to hormonal therapy in each case. Twelve specimens contained measurable amounts of steroid receptors. Of these, one patient died during irradiation therapy before onset of hormonal treatment. However, of the remaining 11 patients, 9 responded well to hormones (9/11 approximately 82%). The two receptor-positive nonresponders had the lowest measurable receptor levels in the series. Four specimens contained no detectable amounts of receptors. Three of these patients showed no response to therapy (3/4 = 75%) but one was "false negative." Our data indicate that steroid receptor analysis may become a valuable diagnostic tool in individualizing the therapy for prostatic cancer.
Cancer Res 1978 Nov
PMID:Correlation between clinical response to hormone therapy and steroid receptor content in prostatic cancer. 69 75

The immune competence of 65 patients with prostatic cancer was evaluated by 2 in vivo and 2 in vitro tests to study the contribution of host factors to the progress of the disease. Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy served as controls. Our results indicate that the delayed skin hypersensitivity response to common microbial recall antigens (streptokinase/streptodornase, purified protein derivative, dermatophytin 0 and dermatophytin) is unaltered in advanced stages of malignancy. The ability to be sensitized by dinitrochlorobenzene declines significantly in patients with metastatic disease. Blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin stimulation is not depressed in late stages of malignancy, although in the circulating T cells per cent and absolute values are somewhat lower in patients with metastases. Herein we show that immune competence (measured by the 4 tests) of patients with prostatic carcinoma does not decrease markedly even in the late stages of the disease. Primary sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene is the only test showing a decline in responsiveness related to the tumor stage.
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PMID:Cell-mediated immune competence in patients with prostatic carcinoma. 70 65

A continuing education examination of estrogen therapy is discussed. The most common indication of estrogen therapy is for replacement in menopausal women. Estrogens can also be used in the treatment of certain types of cancer such as prostatic cancer. A diagnosis of estrogen deficiency must be established first and then estrogen therapy must be selectively used. Psychoemotional problems must be ruled out. Perimenopausal patients may be treated somewhat differently than postmenopausal patients. 1 of the major controversies surrounding estrogen therapy, other than cancer and osteoporosis, is its implication to coronary heart disease. The evidence indicates that estrogen in some way contributes to endometrial carcinoma. Estrogen administration does not seem to show a correlation to breast cancer. Actual treatment must be individualized, and which estrogen, how much, and how long it should be used is still not clear.
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PMID:Estrogen therapy. 70 1

The morphologic differentiation grade of cytologic smear preparations proved to be a reliable gradation measurement for the prognosis of 496 patients suffering from prostate cancer and treated with estrogen. Compared with that of other cancer patients, the life expectancy of low-differentiated and anaplastic cancer patients undergoing estrogen treatment is so poor that the rationale of using antiandrogenous treatment in this carcinoma group seems extremely questionable to us. This is why, in view of the predictable prognosis, the differentiation grade of the tumor should be considered when undertaking therapeutic measures.
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PMID:[The prognostic significance of cytologic differentiation grades of estrogen-treated prostata carcinoma. Progress control of 496 prostate carcinoma patients treated with estrogen for five years (author's transl)]. 72 60

CEA level has been measured in a series of prostate cancer patients. Data are presented to show CEA correlation with clinical course and acid phosphatase level.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen as an adjunct to determination of clinical stage in prostate cancer. 74 75

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for human prostatic acid phosphatase has demonstrated substantially greater biochemical sensitivity than a standard enzymatic method for which p-nitrophenylphosphate was used as substrate. Preliminary data indicate that the radioimmunochemical approach can precisely classify 43% stage I-II and 94% stage III-IV prostate cancers. In contrast, the standard enzymatic methods correctly classified only 9% stage I-II and 46% stage III-IV cancers. It is clinically apparent that a radioimmunochemical approach for the measurement of human prostatic phosphatase may have distinct potential in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:A radioimmunoassay for prostatic acid phosphatase. 74 76

A comprehensive study of the R-3327 line of prostate adenocarcinoma of the Copenhagen rat was performed. This tumor, investigated in its histologic, endocrinologic, and immunologic aspects, was compared with a squamous cell prostate carcinoma derived from the R-3327. The two tumor lines differ in their rates of growth and in their androgen receptor contents, i.e., the adenocarcinoma is androgen dependent and grows slowly, whereas the squamous cell carcinoma has a rapid rate of growth and is androgen independent. A study of cell-mediated immune responses revealed that: 1) Nonspecific responses to mitogens in the blastogenic assay, as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, are enhanced in animals bearing tumors. 2) The R-3327 is immunogenic to its host as demonstrated by two parameters. 3) The antigens present in the squamous cell carcinoma are not recognized by lymphocytes of the animals bearing the adenocarcinoma, substantiating the specificity of the reaction. For these reasons, the system of R-3327 prostate adenocarcinoma provides a relevant model for the study of prostate cancer.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Characterization of prostate carcinoma lines in the Copenhagen rat. 74 80


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