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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Incidence rates of selected cancer sites reported by the California Tumor Registry and the New Mexico Tumor Registry are analyzed to study ethnic differences in cancer in the United States. The white majority population shows high incidence of lung and breast cancers. Black males show the highest prostatic cancer rate. Data also confirm the unusually high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer and low prostatic cancer rates among Chinese males. The Japanese have the highest stomach cancer incidence among all the ethnic groups analyzed. A comparison with the cancer incidence in the same ethnic groups in their native countries reveals the impact of environmental or cultural changes on lung, breast, and stomach cancers, and a possible genetic influence on the high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer among the Chinese population in the United States.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in the Western United States: ethnic differences. 43 66

An essential part of the classification of prostate carcinoma is the diagnosis of bone metastases. This was done with 70 patients using x-ray analysis, scintography, determination of the acid and alkaline phosphatase, and pelvic crest biopsy, as well as aspiration of the pelvic and sternal bone marrow. In addition, the hydroxyproline concentration was determined in the 24-hour-urine. The study, which was initially undertaken on a sample group (n = 145), yielded a high correlation between age and sex and hydroxyproline values. Women before menopause show significantly lower values than do men of the same age. The data on patients with prostata cancer (n = 70) showed that patients with and without bone metastases, who had been treated with estrogens, had a significantly lower quantity of hydroxyproline than did patients who had not received estrogen therapy. Patients with skeletal metastases (n = 24) showed significantly higher hydroxyproline excretion in the urine than did those with prostate cancer without metastases, or healthy men of the same age (n = 35). Comparison of the results of hydroxyproline determination with the other diagnostic methods for demonstrating bone metastases showed that hydroxyproline determination was diagnostically on par with the scintigram. Pelvic crest biopsy, pelvic and sternal marrow aspiration can be considered valuable supplementary diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Urinary hydroxyproline in healthy patients and in prostate patients with and without bone metastases. 44 76

Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate are reported and criteria for diagnosis are suggested. Squamous cancer, which accounts for 0.5 to 1% of prostatic malignancies, differs from the common adenocarcinoma of the prostate in certain clinical features. It also appears to have a worse prognosis and to be unresponsive to the usual therapies for prostatic cancer, perhaps because of a different cell of origin.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. 45 67

Data from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) from 1972 to 1975 were used to study the descriptive epidemiology of testicular cancer and prostatic cancer. The very high black/white ratio and late age peak of cancer of the prostate contrasted sharply with the very low ratio and early age peak of testicular cancer. However, both sites had higher rates among upper occupational and social class groupings. Avalable descriptive and analytical research suggests that the etiology of prostatic cancer is most probably related to hormonal influences rather than to a horizontally transmitted agent, while the etiology of testicular cancer is most probably related to endogenous or exogenous hormonal influences in utero or in infancy, or to in utero exposure to other exogenous agents.
Br J Cancer 1979 Mar
PMID:Descriptive epidemiology of testicular and prostatic cancer in Los Angeles. 46 98

A reduction in the phytohaemagglutinin-induced transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Peyronie's disease and prostate cancer and transsexuals cultured in autologous and homologous serum following the receipt of oestrogen therapy has been observed. Reduction of lymphocyte transformation in patients with prostatic cancer and without malignancy receiving oestrogen, i.e., Peyronie's disease and transsexuals, suggests that this reduction is related to the mode of therapy rather than to malignancy or a particular pathologic state. No direct evidence exists that the observed in vitro aberrations of lymphocytic responsiveness are reflective of host compromise, but these observations are of potential relevance in terms of their implications in the therapeutic management of patients with prostatic cancer and other hormonally-dependent tumours, e.g., of the breast, as well as responsive diseases, through their effect on cellular immunocompetence and suitability of hormonally treated patients as prospective candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy. The possible relevance of the present observations to the suggested association between uterine cancer and prolonged administration of diethylstilboesterol, as well as that between development of vaginal tumours in offspring and maternal ingestion during pregnancy, also remains of potential concern, pending further investigation.
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PMID:Modulatory effects of oestrogen on immunologic responsiveness. I. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Peyronie's disease, prostatic cancer and transsexuals and a commentary. 46 72

Eighty-eight patients with hormone-resistant Stage IV prostate cancer were treated with a five-drug chemotherapy program. Patient demographic data, prior therapy, symptoms, extent of disease, and laboratory studies were analyzed statistically to evaluate the association of these parameters with survival from the onset of chemotherapy. Factors associated with short survival included age greater than 65, severe bone pain, poor performance status, presence of soft tissue metastases, anemia, elevation of serum LDH, SGOT, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and prolactin, and hypoalbuminemia. Race, stage at initial diagnosis, prior radiation therapy, prior orchiectomy, and elevation of CEA had no prognostic association. We suggest that clinical trials of new therapies of hormone-resistant prostate cancer take into account the presence of these prognostic factors in the analysis of the results of therapeutic programs.
Cancer 1979 Aug
PMID:Prognostic factors in metastatic and hormonally unresponsive carcinoma of the prostate. 47 83

A tumor-associated antigen-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition assay was used to evaluate the effect of serum from patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate on the antitumor reactivity of normal leukocytes. Peripheral blood leukocytes from 53 normal (control) subjects were armed with serum from 22 patients with localized (Stage A) and metastatic (Stage D) prostatic cancer and reacted with allogenic extract of malignant prostate as specific tumor-associated antigen. Leukocytes pre-treated with serum from patients with Stage A cancer show significantly stronger responses to malignant prostate than do those pretreated with serum from patients with Stage D cancer, which induced little or no response. This may be attributed to an "arming factor" present in the sera of patients with an initial stage of prostatic cancer which appears to be capable of sensitizing normal leukocytes and making them specifically reactive to tumor extract. The specificity of arming with individual and pooled patient's sera was delineated by the use of extracts from other genitourinary tumors.
Cancer Res 1979 Sep
PMID:Arming of normal leukocytes with sera from patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 47 62

Preliminary data are reported from a study of 269 cadmium-nickel battery factory workers and 94 cadmium-copper alloy factory workers. The target group comprises all workers with more than 5 years exposure to cadmium at any time since the factories started production. An internal reference group of 328 alloy factory workers without cadmium exposure was also studied. The expected number of deaths and cancers was calculated with the "life-table" method by using national average incidence rates for men in different age groups and at different calendar years. It was found that among the workers in the battery factory who started work before 1948 there was an increased general mortality in the 1950's mainly due to respiratory disease. The same group had an increased renal disease mortality. There was no increase in general cancer mortality or in general cancer incidence. The risk ratio for nasopharyngeal cancer incidence was 10 (two cases), which was statistically significant. For some other sites like prostate, lung and colon-rectum the risk ratios were also greater than 1 but not statistically significant. In the alloy factory there was a tendency for an increased mortality in prostatic cancer (four cases). After correction for the "healthy worker effect" using the reference group, the risk ratio for prostatic cancer deaths was calculated as 2.4, but this was not statistically significant. The findings in this study support the earlier reports of an association between human cadmium exposure and increased risk for prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Mortality and cancer morbidity among cadmium-exposed workers. 48 34

A national multidisciplinary study of four major systems for the histological grading of primary prostatic cancer was completed during 1978. In a series of workshops culminating in a final review, criteria of grading were critically assessed against the background of patient survival data. The overall consensus was that the Gleason system should tentatively be adopted as the pathologic reference point for classifying patients. This system can be used in conjunction with other systems. It seems definable, reproducible, reasonably simple, and has clinical relevance as judged by correlations with patient survival. Further study may demonstrate advantages from incorporation of the nuclear or cytologic characteristics of tumor cells into the Gleason system. New techniques of acid phosphatase determination, bone scans, and assessment of the regional lymph nodes should provide better staging criteria for correlation with primary tumor histology in the furture. These workshops presented a unique opportunity for representative clinicians and pathologists in the United States to express their viewpoints in a comprehensive fashion on this timely and important topic.
Cancer 1979 Oct
PMID:A report of the workshops on the current status of the histologic grading of prostate cancer. 49 23

Cis-diamminedichloride platinum II (DDP), 50--70 mg/m2 iv, q 3w was administered to 25 patients with Stage D adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Since the assessment of tumor regression in a disease-oriented phase II study demands a clear end-point of response, case selection was restricted to patients who had objectively measurable lesions, i.e., nodes, skin, lung, and liver metastasis. Partial remission occurred in 3 (12%) and stabilization of disease in 1 patient. Responders lived 53 weeks vs. 20 weeks for non-responders. In the dosage and schedule used in this protocol, DDP was not an active agent in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Various patient characteristics are examined and correlations made between remission rates and survival in this study vs. 4 other response schemata. A critical analysis of patient selection, "lead time" -- diagnosis to chemotherapy, and the definitions of the terms "measurable" lesions, "evaluable" parameters, "objective response", stabilization of disease and response criteria employed in the 4 schemata are also discussed.
Cancer 1979 Nov
PMID:A critical analysis of response criteria in patients with prostatic cancer treated with cis-diamminedichloride platinum II. 49 29


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