Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Identification of cloned cells is necessary for experimentation with them. This paper details a method for the identification of cultured human malignant prostatic epithelial cells derived from metastatic deposits of prostate cancer by localization of a specific rabbit antiserum to human prostatic acid phosphatase in the cells.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1978 Dec
PMID:Identification of cultured, human, malignant, prostatic epithelial cells. 37 22

Hormones may act as promoters in the carcinogenic process, and occasionally their metabolites may act as antihormones or have new physiologic effects. Drugs can interact with the endocrine system in many ways. They can promote secretion of a hormone, alter its rate of removal from plasma, change plasma protein-binding characteristics, or modify routes of metabolism. Estrogens have a preparative effect on the uterine endometrium. There are biologic, clinical and epidemiologic reasons for believing that estrogen administration to postmenopausal women increases the risk for endometrial cancer. Although there are similar biologic reasons to associate prolonged estrogenic stimulation with breast cancerr, evidence for such an association is weak. Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a variety of hepatocellular tumors. Although estrogens, per se, can effect several hepatic functions, it seems likely that the 17 alpha-alkyl and 17 alpha-ethinyl functions of the progestins and estrogens are involved in this process. The role of estrogen use during pregnancy in the causation of vaginal cancer in female offspring and the role of androgens in prostate cancer have been discussed.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Interaction of drugs, hormones, and nutrition in the causes of cancer. 37 2

Stomach cancer in the United States has decreased over the last 50 years. It is still a major type of neoplasm in Japan, Eastern and Northern Europe, and parts of Latin America. Current concepts suggest that the reduction of gastric cancer in the U. S. stems from an increased consumption of foods with vitamin C on a year round basis, which is shown to antagonize the formation of putative gastric carcinogens. Risk factors for large bowel, breast, and prostate cancer are totally different from those for gastric cancer and thus are amenable to independent controls, with the goal of ultimately reducing the risk and preventing these major cancers in man. Current research aims to identify the nature of the mutagenic materials obtained during the frying of protein-containing foods. This process may be involved in the generation of carcinogens for cancer of the colon, breast, and prostate. Cancer of the colon is subject to somewhat different controlling elements than cancer of the breast because of the nature of the cell kinetics governing these tissues. Thus, the mechanism of action of diet involves lifestyle. The type, quality, and mode of cooking of food, particularly, play important roles in the etiology of the main human cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine-sensitive organs.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Mechanism of action of diet as a carcinogen. 37 3

Eighty-eight patients with metastatic and hormonally unresponsive carcinoma of the prostate gland were treated with a multiagent chemotherapy protocol. Because of the difficulty in evaluating the response of patients to therapy, data were collected in a prospective fashion and analyzed for clinical or laboratory changes that correlated with improved survivorship. Decrease of initially abnormal values of either acid or alkaline phosphotase into the normal range was associated with prolonged survival; weight gain of more than 10% was also associated with improved survival. Thirty-three patients demonstrated a fall of acid or alkaline phosphatase into the normal range or they increased their weight by at least 10%. The median survival time for this group of patients was 76.1 weeks as compared to 28.2 weeks for patients who failed to exhibit these changes. In future studies of the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, these changes might be used as criteria of response to therapy.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 Sep
PMID:Treatment of metastatic endocrine-unresponsive carcinoma of the prostate gland with multiagent chemotherapy: indicators of response to therapy. 38 51

Results of disease-oriented phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) in 135 adequately treated patients with advanced urothelial tumors at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center are presented. In four protocols which used cis-platinum alone or in combination with Adriamycin and/or cyclophosphamide in 95 patients with bladder cancer, no significant difference (46%--54%) in the number of partial remissions (PRs) in previously untreated patients was noted. The median duration of response in three of the four protocols was 5--7 months. A review of the literature indicates that cis-platinum used singly produced remissions in 45% of 67 patients (95% confidence limit, 12%--57%). In the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, intravesically administered cis-platinum induced few complete or sustained remissions. The difficulties in evaluating response with intravesical therapy are discussed. The importance of patient selection, particularly the need to include patients with objectively measurable disease parameters, in phase II trials is stressed. Differences in patient characteristics and response criteria will necessitate prospective randomized trials of cis-platinum alone versus cis-platinum combination regimens in the treatment of metastatic disease. cis-Platinum was inactive (12% PRs) in 25 patients with prostatic cancer who had objectively measurable parameters. It is of interest that PRs were obtained in three of six patients (50%) with penile cancer. A review of the literature and the data in the present series indicates that cis-platinum has no value in the treatment of metastatic hypernephroma.
Cancer Treat Rep
PMID:Phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in the treatment of urothelial cancer. 38 26

Acid phosphatase is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyses organic phosphates at an acid pH. Although the postpuberteral prostatic epithelial cell contains a uniquely high concentration of acid phosphatase, cellular components of bone, spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, and blood also contain this enzyme. The discovery that prostatic carcinoma cells often retain a high concentration of acid phosphatase characteristic of the normal postpubertal gland led to the recognition of the first clinically useful tumor marker. Recognition that the serum of patients with prostatic malignancy frequently contains an increased concentration of this enzyme has resulted in persistent efforts to identify the source, to accurately quantitate the level of serum acid phosphatase, and to determine the clinical significance of those levels. A variety of enzymatic and immunologic techniques have been employed to measure acid phosphatase. In the past, various substrates and inhibitors were utilized to increase specificity and sensitivity. Emphasis has now shifted to the development of radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis in an attempt to enhance those parameters. Judgment of their efficacy awaits further testing and evaluation. The clinical significance of normal and abnormal serum acid phosphatase is constantly being reevaluated. In order to maximize the value of laboratory measurements, the clinical and pathologic status of the patient, the techniques employed in obtaining and storing the blood sample and the procedures used in analysis must be known and considered. Traditionally, the serum prostatic acid phosphatase has been thought to originate in the prostatic cancer cell and has been used to stage the disease. Until recently, elevated serum values have been accepted as an indication of extraprostatic disease, and were thought to rule out lesions confined to the prostate. The elevation of acid phosphatase levels in patients with disseminated disease or the failure of elevated levels to return to normal with treatment have been assumed to indicate a poor prognosis. However, unequivocal documentation of the validity of these statements is not available. Newer immunologic techniques for measuring acid phosphatase may significantly alter our current concept of its role as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase. 38 94

The role of palliative radiation treatment of prostate cancer is well recognized. Appreciation of the value of definitive radiation therapy in management of locally advanced prostate cancer is increasing. Optimal management requires careful patient selection with multidiscipline evaluation to provide accurate grading and staging, availability of adequate facilities, and careful planning the treatment. Definitive radiation therapy may be used as primary treatment, or in management of endocrine treatment failure, and in postoperative residual or recurrent cancers. Similar techniques may be employed in the management of locally symptomatic Stage D cancer. Definitive radiation therapy is useful management of some Stage B and many Stage C locally advanced and nonresectable cancers of the prostate.
Cancer 1977 Feb
PMID:Radiation oncology: cancer of the prostate. 40

The presence of malignant cells in needle biopsy specimens following irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate has been used to criticize or defend this treatment. At Walter Reed Medical Center, 38 consecutive patients with Stage Cadenocarcinoma underwent definitive irradiation between August 1970 and March 1973. The median dose to the pelvis was 7000 rads in 31 fractions in 43 days (2030 ret). Post treatment examination included palpation of the prostate and transperineal biopsy of the most suspicious areas. Gradual disappearance of the palpable tumor occurred in all patients. Two men have had clinical evidence of re-growth of prostatic cancer. Thirty-three patients have had up to seven biopsies each for a total of 139, an average of four biopsies per patient. There were 49 positive and 90 negative biopsies. Positive biopsy rate correlated only with the interval after irradiation--60% at six months, 37% at one year, 30% at 18 months, and approximately 19% after two and one-half years. There was no correlation of biopsy results with pre-irradiation estrogen or orchiectomy, with time-dose-fractionation relationships, or with prognosis. These biopsies provide interesting data about the regression rate of prostatic adenocarcinoma, but they have no significance for the individual patient. They have, therefore, been eliminated from follow-up studies.
Cancer 1977 Jul
PMID:The significance of needle biopsy after irradiation for stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 40 78

We designed a slim gold-grain implanter with adaptable lengths to implant areas accessible only through long, narrow, examining instruments, such as a suspension laryngoscope. The implanter is loaded with the same 14-grain magazine designed for and supplied with the Royal Marsden "gun." The simplicity of the loading mechanism with a minimum of moving parts makes the instrument practically trouble free. Although it is designed to be used along narrow examining instruments, it can also be used in any situation in which a permanent implant is required, for instance, prostatic cancer and pelvic recurrences in cancer of the uterine cervix previously treated by external and intracavitary irradiation.
Cancer 1979 Mar
PMID:A slim 198gold-grain implanter loaded with standard Royal Marsden 14-grain magazines. 42 11

Lipotropin (LPH) has been evaluated as a potential tumor marker using a sensitive beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta MSH) radioimmunoassay. All 79 acetic acid extracts of carcinomas of lung, colon, stomach, esophagus and breast contained LPH in concentrations greater than blood; 61 of 79 extracts contained LPH in larger amounts than control tissues from patients without cancer. In a blind prospective study, plasma LPH was quantified in 107 patients admitted for work-up because of an abnormality on a chest roentgenogram. Thirty-one of 33 patients subsequently diagnosed as having benign lesions had plasma LPH within the 95 per cent confidence limits of normal subjects whereas 28 (36 per cent) of the 74 patients subsequently diagnosed histologically as having primary lung carcinoma had elevated levels. In control studies, 13 of 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had elevated plasma LPH levels; three of the 13 with elevated levels and four with normal levels have been diagnosed, during the two years of follow-up, as having lung carcinoma. In control studies of 23 patients with granulomatous lung disease, 22 had normal levels of LPH. In those with carcinoma of the colon elevated plasma LPH levels were observed in two of 21 untreated patients and in 11 of 61 patients receiving noncurative chemotherapy. Elevated plasma LPH levels were also observed in 10 of 59 patients with breast cancer, eight of 28 with pancreatic cancer, eight of 22 with gastric or esophageal cancer, six of 16 with renal cancer, four of eight with prostatic cancer, one of seven with cervical cancer and one of six with ovarian cancer. We conclude, an elevated LPH level is frequently observed in blood and tumor tissue from patients with various types of carcinoma.
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PMID:Ectopic production of lipotropin by cancer. 43 67


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