Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical statistic survey was carried out on the patients, diseases and operations experienced at our department between 1968 and 1986. In 1968, the urological department became independent from the dermato-urological department, and in 1981 the urological ward was established. The 19 years are divided in three periods; first period: 1968-1974 (7 years), second period: 1975-1981 (7 years), and third period: 1982-1986 (5 years). The total number of new outpatients during the 19 years was 50,443. They have gradually but steadily increased and have reached recently about 4,000 per year. The total number of inpatients was 3,422 (male: 2,561, female: 861). The proportion of the elderly patients, especially male, has remarkably increased and that of patients more than 60 years old was 44.9% of all inpatients in the third period. Among the major diseases of the inpatients, tumors has got most remarkable increase of its number and proportion. And among tumors, increases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer were prominent and at the third period the proportion of those three has reached 81.3% of all tumors. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) and transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUUL) were introduced in 1985. Recently endoscopical operations such as transurethral resection (TUR), PNL, TUUL and so forth have become a large part of the urological operations.
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PMID:[Clinical statistics at the Department of Urology, Kitano Hospital (1968-1986)]. 344 34

Mitoxantrone is an anthraquinone antineoplastic agent with structural similarities to doxorubicin. It has a mechanism of action similar to the anthracyclines. Its primary elimination route is hepatic metabolism (only seven percent renal excretion) and it has a terminal half-life of approximately 40 hours. Mitoxantrone has significant activity in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Some activity is reported in head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's, myeloma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, and liver cancer. There is a suggestion of incomplete cross-resistance between mitoxantrone and the anthracyclines in certain neoplasms. Some activity is reported with mitoxantrone in patients refractory to the anthracyclines in breast cancer, acute leukemias, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The usual doses used in solid tumors and in lymphomas are mitoxantrone 12-14 mg/m2 iv q3-4wk and in leukemias is mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2/d X 5 d iv for initial induction.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone. 351 24

Estimates of the gain in survival, if all local failures were eliminated, indicate that many more patients could be cured provided the efficacy of treatment of the primary and regional disease were substantially improved. The expected gain in survival is assumed to be the gain in local control, less the loss due to distant metastases and intercurrent disease among the new local control subjects. The observed incidence of DM among local failure patients may be higher than among local control patients; this excess in incidence of DM is assumed to result from metastases established secondary to the persistent or recurring tumor. A powerful argument that higher local control rates would result in more cured patients is the high incidence of long-term survivors after salvage surgery for local failures. Examples of higher survival associated with more effective local therapy are presented from the literature for medulloblastoma, ependymoma, carcinoma of the oral cavity-oropharynx, carcinoma of the urinary bladder, carcinoma of the prostate and carcinoma of the rectum. For Stage I-II cancer of the breast, the reduction of an already low local failure rate by combining surgery and radiation has a very small impact. For tumors, such as, early stage breast cancer, where the possible decrease in local failure is small and the loss due to DM is high, a demonstrable gain in survival is not likely. The potential increase in number of survivors among the U.S. cancer population, if the primary-regional disease were regularly treated successfully, indicates large gains for patients with cancer of the uterine cervix, oral cavity-oropharynx, ovary, colo-rectum, non-oat cell cancer of lung, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. These provide powerful bases for aggressive investigation of new approaches to improvement of local-regional therapies.
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PMID:Impact of improved local control on survival. 351 48

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 49 urological tumors (11 renal cell carcinomas, 3 renal pelvic cancers, 2 renal angiomyolipomas, 1 renal leiomyosarcoma, 1 large renal cyst, 4 adrenal tumors, 11 bladder cancers, 2 bone metastasis from bladder cancer, 10 prostatic cancers, 1 prostatic sarcoma, 1 urethral cancer, 1 penile cancer and 1 perivesical granuloma) since October 1985 to September 1986. MRI was performed using a Signa (G.E.) with a 1.5T superconductive magnet and 3 images, including T1 weighted image, T2 weighted image, and proton density image, were obtained. In conclusion MRI is a noninvasive examination and gives more information than computed tomography despite its high cost. In renal cell carcinoma, the chemical shift in MRI and clear visualization of tumor thrombus enable accurate staging. Differential diagnosis from other renal mass lesions may be possible by the T2 weighted image. In adrenal disease, most of the adrenal masses can be differentiated, but in some cases it is impossible. In bladder cancer, wall invasion of tumor may be evaluated in T2 weighted image, and MRI is suitable for staging of locally advanced tumor. In prostatic cancer, visualization of periprostatic plexus and differentiation between internal and external gland may enable local staging and identification of low stage tumors.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis and staging of urological tumors by magnetic resonance imaging compared with computed tomography]. 359 84

Regional retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy usually is performed with radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma and sometimes is performed with nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial tumors; however, no therapeutic benefit has been proven. Pelvic lymphadenectomy usually is performed with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and may confer therapeutic benefit on patients having only minimal nodal involvement. A limited extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy, including only the nodes surrounding the obturator nerves, is performed in prostate cancer patients who are considered to be potential candidates for radical prostatectomy, but is of doubtful therapeutic benefit. The effectiveness of chemotherapy for germ-cell testicular tumors has diminished the utilization of routine surgical staging and also has decreased the scope of lymphadenectomy when performed. The substantial complications associated with traditional ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis and the unreliability of aspiration or excisional node biopsy have militated against routine surgical staging of patients having clinically negative nodes. This policy should be reconsidered in light of suboptimal treatment results and newer surgical techniques.
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PMID:Surgical staging of genitourinary tumors. 359 87

Urologic cancers include malignancies of the genital and the urinary organs of men, and the urinary organs of women. For men in the United States, urologic cancers account for about 25% of all new cases of cancer and about 15% of cancer deaths. For women, cancers of the urinary organs account for 4% of all new cases of cancer and 3% of cancer deaths. Of urologic cancers, bladder cancer has been the most intensively studied epidemiologically. Cigarette smoking is the most important known preventable cause of the disease. Occupational exposures continue to come under suspicion. It appears that neither coffee drinking nor use of artificial sweeteners are important risk factors. Current questions in the etiology of prostate cancer concern its relationships to benign prostatic hypertrophy, to components of the diet and to hormone metabolism. Little is known of the etiology of kidney cancer other than probable associations of the disease with cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos. Testicular cancer is associated with undescended testis and possibly other urogenital anomalies. The relationships of testicular cancer to pesticide exposure, in utero estrogen exposure, and infection are current research issues.
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PMID:Epidemiology and environmental factors in urologic cancer. 359 96

Eight-MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia (H) using a Thermotron-RF Model 8, and its combination with irradiation (RH), anticancer drugs (CH) or anticancer drugs plus irradiation (CRH), were carried out for a total of 48 urological malignancies: 10 cases of renal cancer, 1 of renal pelvic cancer, 2 of ureteral cancer, 19 of bladder cancer, 5 of prostatic cancer, 9 of metastatic lesion of urological cancers and 2 of other urological cancers. All had failed in previous treatments, or had not undergone surgery because of their poor general condition. Four cases, including 2 of bladder cancer, 1 of prostatic cancer and 1 of metastatic lesion of bladder cancer, were treated with H. Twenty-five cases, including 3 renal cancer cases, were treated with RH. Seven of the 10 cases of renal cancer were treated with mitomycin C-microcapsule embolization prior to RH (CRH). Twelve of the 23 cases with urothelial cancer or its metastasis, including 1 of renal pelvic cancer, 10 of bladder cancer and 1 of metastatic lesion of bladder cancer, received combined treatment of THP-adriamycin, one of the derivatives of adriamycin, by i.v. and RF-heating (CH). Hyperthermia was given twice a week, totalling 10 sessions in 5 weeks. Intratumoral temperature was kept above 42.5 degrees C for 30 to 40 minutes during one-hour heating. Complete tumor disappearance was obtained in the 5 bladder cancer cases. Partial tumor regression, defined as a regression of 50% or more, was obtained in 11 cases. As side effects, mild skin burns and anorexia were observed in approximately 30 to 40% of cases. Seven obese cases, who had subcutaneous tissue 15 mm thick or more, developed fat tissue induration after treatment.
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PMID:[Eight-MHz RF-hyperthermia for advanced urological malignancies]. 372 58

Using a polyamine-test enzyme kit, the urine polyamine concentration was determined in 74 patients with malignant urological disease (12 with renal cell cancer, 13 with pelvic-ureter cancer, 24 with bladder cancer and 25 with prostate cancer), 7 patients with BPH, 20 patients with benign urological disease and 20 normal subjects. The urine polyamine level was significantly elevated in all the patients with any malignant urological disease compared to normal subjects. It was also significantly high in the patients with BPH. Defining the mean +/- 3SD (= 50 mumole/g Cr.) of 20 normal subjects as an upper limit, slightly higher levels not exceeding 100 mumol/g Cr. were frequently observed in the patients with BPH or with benign urological disease. Setting the upper limit at 100 mumole/g Cr., the positive rate amounted to 33% (low stage 17%) in renal cell cancer, 23% (low stage 14%) in pelvic ureter cancer, 13% (low stage 0%) in bladder cancer and 4% (low stage 0%) in prostate cancer. The positive rate was low especially in low stage cases.
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PMID:[Urine polyamine in patients with malignant urological diseases using a polyamine-test enzyme kit]. 375 93

The current study follows up the 983 patients who were diagnosed as having prostate cancer at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City between 1970 and 1979 and of whom 106 (11.5%) developed a multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN) in addition to their prostate cancer by January 1, 1986. Of the 283 black patients, 32 (11.3%) developed an MPMN involving 35 sites excluding prostate. Of the 636 white patients, 74 (11.6%) developed an MPMN in association with their prostate cancer. Comparing observed incidence rates to expected on the basis of SEER incidence data, two malignant tumors, urinary bladder cancer and malignant lymphoma, appeared to occur in excess in the present series of patients. The excess of urinary bladder cancer in our series could be explained by detection bias due to the routine use of cystoscopy. The excess incidence of lymphoma in our series appears significant but its etiology is unexplained.
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PMID:Multiple primary neoplasms in association with prostate cancer in black and white patients. 380 24

Fifty-one patients, 15 with bladder cancer and 36 with prostatic cancer, were examined by preoperative pelvic CT scanning in order to determine its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting pelvic lymph node metastases. The poor sensitivity of CT (40%) in detecting lymph node metastases reduces its value for staging lymph nodes. The reason for the low sensitivity is that metastases in nodes which are of normal size cannot be detected by CT. Pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the only accurate method for evaluating the state of pelvic lymph nodes.
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PMID:The value of CT in detecting pelvic lymph node metastases in cases of bladder and prostate carcinoma. 381 56


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