Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0376358 (prostate cancer)
 59,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels were measured in patients with renal, vesical and prostatic cancer. Measurements were made only on samples with a serum creatinine less than or equal to 105 mumol./l. to eliminate the possibility of elevated beta-2-microglobulin being a result of impaired renal function. This criterion eliminated 28 to 50 per cent of the patients with bladder cancer and 73 per cent of those who had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, which, obviously, limits the value of beta-2-microglobulin measurement for the surveillance in these cancers. Beta-2-microglobulin values in patients with prostatic cancer were seldom increased to more than 3.0 mg./l. In bladder cancer patients with normal serum creatinine the frequency of an elevated serum beta-2-microglobulin increased with the increase in tumor stage.
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PMID:Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in urological cancer. 8 16

Cells cultured from human urogenital cancer and other cancers as well as cells from noncancerous tissues were examined by immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to T-antigens and capsid antigens of papovaviruses BK virus (BKV), JC virus, and simian virus 40(SV40), and to capsid antigens of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Cells from early passage cultures of 123 primary tissues and from 14 continuous lines derived from transitional or renal cell carcinoma were tested. None of the cell preparations was specifically stained with any of the antisera. A serologic comparison of patients with bladder cancer, patients with prostate cancer, and normal control groups of BKV hemagglutination-inhibiting and SV40-neutralizing antibodies showed no differences among the 3 groups. None of the sera in the 3 groups had SV40 or BKV T-antibodies. In tests of supernatants of 35 primary cultures for presence of virus, a single isolation, that of a cytomegalovirus, was made. The study revealed no evidence that infection with papovaviruses of the SV40-polyoma subgroup has any part in the production of bladder and prostate cancer.
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PMID:Investigation of human urogenital tract tumors of papovavirus etiology: brief communication. 20 10

Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (by molecular hybridization) DNA from human tumors and malignant cell lines for BKV DNA, using BKV [(32)P]DNA as probe. The BKV [(32)P]DNA was labeled in vitro (nick translation) to specific activities of 1 to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mug. The BKV DNA used to prepare our probes had the properties expected of authentic BKV genomes, including density of superhelical DNA, sedimentation velocity in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, production of one fragment by endonuclease EcoRI cleavage and four fragments by endonuclease Hin II + III cleavage and reassociation properties. From these studies we conclude that our BKV probes hybridized well, and represented bona fide BKV DNA. Using three different BKV [(32)P]DNA probes, i.e., from three distinct plaque isolates, we have analyzed DNA from BKV-transformed cells, normal human tissues, and a large number of human tumors. All human DNAs (cell lines, normal tissues, tumors) hybridized 5% with BKV DNA. Hybridization analysis of BKV-transformed hamster cell DNA indicated 5-6 copies of at least 88% of the BKV genome per cell. No BKV DNA sequences were detected (above the normal 5% hybridization to all human DNAs) in the following normal human tissues: 10 kidney (BKV is usually isolated from urine), 3 spleen, 13 lung, 23 colon, 2 rectum, 1 ileum, and 1 skin. No BKV-specific DNA was found in 166 tumors, including 5 carcinomas (Ca) of stomach, 3 Ca small intestine, 26 Ca colon, 9 Ca rectum, 31 Ca lung, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 oat cell carcinomas of lung, 17 melanomas, 5 Ca prostate, 4 Ca bladder, 6 Wilms tumors, 4 hypernephromas, 15 Ca kidney, 7 brain tumors, 5 Hodgkin lymphomas, 10 lymphomas (immunosuppressed patients have a high incidence of lymphomas), 2 reticulum cell sarcomas (spleen), and 3 skin tumors. We have also analyzed 7 human malignant cell lines (melanoma, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastomas), including several clones of a lung melanoma line; no BKV DNA sequences were detected. Because our probes could detect one copy of BKV DNA if only 10% of the cells were tumor cells, our results are very strong evidence that the tumors we analyzed did not have a BKV etiology. The tumors we tested represent about 50% of all cancers in the United States; there is no evidence that BKV is involved in the etiology of these types of tumors.
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PMID:Analysis of human tumors and human malignant cell lines for BK virus-specific DNA sequences. 20 40

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration was found to be raised in 503 of 550 patients (91%) with bladder cancer, lymphoma of intestine, hepatocellular carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, prostate cancer, cirrhosis of liver and bilharziasis. The degree of elevation was moderate in all patients except in 189 patients in whom values more than 20 ng/ml were recorded, of which 53 patients with bladder cancer and 118 patients with bilharziasis. The mean CEA value in the patients with cirrhosis in the non-tumorous liver was slightly higher than that in those without cirrhosis, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P greater than 0.01). There was no correlation between serum CEA and alph-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in all patients except in patients with bladder carcinoma, hepatoma and bilharziasis.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases. 23 Apr 22

We used delayed hypersensitivity skin testing, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis, and lymphocyte surface markers to examine the relationships among host immunologic competence, tumor type, tumor stage, prognosis, and the effects of cancer treatments in patients with genitourinary cancer. We found correlations between host immune competence and both tumor stage and prognosis among patients with bladder cancer, renal cell cancer, and those with advanced prostate cancer not receiving endocrine therapy, but not among patients with prostate cancer receiving endocrine therapy. Radiation and chemotherapy suppressed T-lymphocyte levels, but a chemotherapy-induced tumor remission resulted in a rebound of T-cell counts to above normal levels. In tissue sections of bladder cancers, regions of mononuclear infiltration were virtually devoid of cells with complement receptors or receptors for cytophilic antibody, which suggested that lymphocytes infiltrating bladder cancers are predominantly T-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Host immunocompetence in genitourinary cancer: relation to tumor stage and prognosis. 31 91

Results of disease-oriented phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) in 135 adequately treated patients with advanced urothelial tumors at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center are presented. In four protocols which used cis-platinum alone or in combination with Adriamycin and/or cyclophosphamide in 95 patients with bladder cancer, no significant difference (46%--54%) in the number of partial remissions (PRs) in previously untreated patients was noted. The median duration of response in three of the four protocols was 5--7 months. A review of the literature indicates that cis-platinum used singly produced remissions in 45% of 67 patients (95% confidence limit, 12%--57%). In the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, intravesically administered cis-platinum induced few complete or sustained remissions. The difficulties in evaluating response with intravesical therapy are discussed. The importance of patient selection, particularly the need to include patients with objectively measurable disease parameters, in phase II trials is stressed. Differences in patient characteristics and response criteria will necessitate prospective randomized trials of cis-platinum alone versus cis-platinum combination regimens in the treatment of metastatic disease. cis-Platinum was inactive (12% PRs) in 25 patients with prostatic cancer who had objectively measurable parameters. It is of interest that PRs were obtained in three of six patients (50%) with penile cancer. A review of the literature and the data in the present series indicates that cis-platinum has no value in the treatment of metastatic hypernephroma.
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PMID:Phase II trials with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in the treatment of urothelial cancer. 38 26

One hundred and forty-seven fully and partially evaluable patients with advanced measurable malignancies of the genitourinary and gynecologic organs were given cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) at a dose of 75 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Thirty-six patients with testicular neoplasms were studied; five complete responses (13.9%) and seven partial responses (PR) (19.4%) were noted. Thirty-seven patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma were evaluated; five PRs (13.5%) were seen. One complete response (11.1%) and two PRs (22.2%) were obtained among nine patients with urinary bladder cancer. Four PRs (19.0%) were seen among a group of 21 patients with advanced prostate cancer. One PR (4.8%) was noted among 21 patients with renal cell cancer and no responses were seen in eight patients with cervical cancer. There was a highly statistically significant (P less than 0.001) survival advantage for the responding testicular tumor patients. Toxicity was similar to that previously reported, with gastrointestinal side effects and nephrotoxicity most commonly seen. Prospective and sequential analysis of renal function provided strong evidence for cumulative nephrotoxicity in these patients given bolus injections of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) without prehydration or treatment with fuosemide or mannitol.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in advanced malignancies of the genitourinary and gynecologic organs: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 49 55

As an introduction to the session on Animal Tumor Models, a concept of animal model systems in presented that differentiates between models of organ-related diseases such as prostate or bladder cancer and models of a certain class of neoplasms found within a specific organ disease. Thus defined, no one animal tumor can completely represent and be predictive for a disease entity, no more so than can a single clinical experience with prostate cancer, e.g., be representative of all clinical cases. Rather, a block of animal tumors originating from a specific organ that reflects a spectrum of carefully defined growth patterns and reactivities best mimics the overall responses obtained clinically. Because immunotherapy is most logically visualized and applied in an adjuvant mode, its effectiveness as a therapeutic modality is vulnerable to the vagaries of individual tumor response to a primary modality. Therefore, the selection of appropriate tumor models for developmental studies in immunotherapy is critical, and the need for well-defined and characterized test systems in terms of chemotherapy and radiation responsiveness is emphasized.
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PMID:Predictive experimental animal tumor models: a concept. 75 24

The aim of the present study is to analyse the response in patients with cancer of the urogenital region to a primary antigen 2-4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). A total of 69 patients with neoplastic disease were studied (13 cases with kidney cancer, 34 cases with bladder cancer, 13 cases with prostatic cancer, 5 cases with testicular cancer, one case with penis cancer, and 3 cases with cancer of the cervix, comparatively with 13 patients with non-malignant urological diseases. Whereas in the control group, 78% of the patients gave a positive skin reaction to DNCB, 15% of the patients with kidney cancer, 56% of the patients with bladder cancer, 69% of the patients with prostatic cancer and 60% of the patients with testicular cancer gave a positive reaction. If we consider the stages of the disease, the reaction was positive, in 91% of bladder cancer at stage I and in 47% at stages II and III in 100% of prostatic cancer at stage I and in 62% at stages II and III, in 60% of testicular cancer at stage IV (but 100% of seminomas and 0% of dysembryomas have a positive reaction). It would therefore seem that a correlation exists between the degree of the extension of the disease and the skin reaction to DNCB.
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PMID:Cutaneous response to dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with genito-urinary cancers. 85 14

The responses to several skin test antigens of patients with bladder or prostatic cancer has been compared with responses of normal controls. All of the controls and all of the patients with prostatic cancer (irrespective of the stage of the tumour or the method of treatment) showed responses to dinitrochlorbenzene. 80% of all patients with bladder cancer responded to DNCB, but a highly significant number of patients with advanced disease showed no response. This test appears especially useful in predicting the prognosis in patients with bladder tumours and its routine use is recommended. Response to candida extract, streptokinase/streptodornase (SKSD) and purified protein derivative (PPD) were also studied. No conclusion could be drawn as to their value as a prognostic index.
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PMID:The diagnostic and prognostic significance of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing in patients with urological cancer. 113 1


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