Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0349506 (photosensitivity)
 4,145 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathophysiologic significance of increased levels of lipoxygenase compounds in psoriatic lesions was assessed in a double-blind randomized clinical study with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, benoxaprofen. Forty patients with psoriasis vulgaris were treated with 600 mg of oral benoxaprofen daily or a placebo for a period of eight weeks. Benoxaprofen therapy provided excellent treatment results in about 75% of the cases. In the placebo group, only minimal improvement occurred. Most patients receiving benoxaprofen therapy reported side effects including photosensitivity, onycholysis, milia, diarrhea, and edema. In two cases, benoxaprofen was withdrawn before completion of the treatment course because of photosensitivity. Benoxaprofen may affect psoriatic epidermis either directly by the inhibition of epidermal 5-lipoxygenase or indirectly by the inhibition of the accumulation of phagocytes in psoriatic lesions. Despite serious side effects from benoxaprofen therapy, lipoxygenase-inhibiting agents deserve further study in the treatment of psoriasis.
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PMID:Benoxaprofen improves psoriasis. A double-blind study. 640 2

Minocycline, prescribed for a patient with acne, produced a photosensitivity reaction (photo-onycholysis) involving the fingernails. The onset of this reaction coincided with an increase in sun exposure and cleared several months later, when the drug was discontinued. This type of reaction has been reported to occur in patients taking tetracycline or a member of the tetracycline group of antibiotics, of which minocycline is a member. This appears to be first report of photo-onycholysis due to minocycline.
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PMID:Photo-onycholysis from minocycline. Side effects of minocycline therapy. 645 57

Benoxaprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that belongs to the arylalkanoic acid class of antirheumatic drugs. Animal studies have demonstrated that it has analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Although benoxaprofen is a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase in in vitro systems, inhibits lipoxygenase in other systems, and inhibits monocyte migration in some animal models of inflammation, it has not been established that it is unique with regard to these actions. Benoxaprofen undergoes hepatic metabolism via glucuronidation as the primary route of elimination and has a half-life of 28-35 hr. Clinical trials have demonstrated that its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties are useful in the management of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Once daily dosing of 300-600 mg is effective for many patients. In addition to gastrointestinal intolerance, photosensitivity and onycholysis are the most frequent adverse effects encountered. Recent reports of fatal cholestatic jaundice often associated with nephrotoxicity led to the withdrawal of benoxaprofen from world markets. It is uncertain whether it will once again be available for clinical use.
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PMID:Pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent benoxaprofen. 676 31

Out of 300 patients who had taken benoxaprofen for a mean of 6.4 months, 196 (65.3%) reported side effects, resulting in 104 patients (34.6%) having the drug withdrawn. Out of 42 patients aged over 70, 35 (83.3%) had side effects and 29 (69.0%) had the drug withdrawn because of them. cutaneous side effects accounted for 180 (69.5%) of all 259 side effects reported. The commonest cutaneous side effect was photosensitivity, which occurred in 86 patients (28.6%). Photosensitivity, which occurred in half of the patients treated in the summer, resulted in withdrawal of benoxaprofen in 26 (30.2%) of the patients who experienced it. Onycholysis was observed in 38 patients (12.6%) and was frequently unnoticed by patients. The overall incidence of gastric side effects was 12.6% (38 patients), and the figure rose to 40.5% (17 cases) in patients over 70. During treatment with benoxaprofen one patient developed an active duodenal ulcer but no cases of major gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred. Multiple subepidermal cysts (milia) were observed in 16 patients, who had been treated for a mean of 10.8 months. These findings show that benoxaprofen is a potent phototoxic drug and that the manufacturers' recommended dosage of 600 mg daily is associated with an unacceptable incidence of side effects in the elderly.
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PMID:Benoxaprofen: side-effect profile in 300 patients. 680 78

A study was made of adverse dermatological reactions to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent benoxaprofen. Photosensitivity was seen in several patients, confined to wavelengths less than 340 nm. Other cutaneous side effects were erythema multiforme, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, milia, and onycholysis. One case of pancytopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis was reported. patients were not rechallenged with the drug, but these reactions appear to be true side effects of benoxaprofen.
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PMID:Side effects of benoxaprofen. 680 79

Adverse experiences were monitored in 1,681 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis to evaluate the safety of benoxaprofen at daily doses up to 1,000 mg during long-term therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects with benoxaprofen compared favorably to those reported during aspirin and ibuprofen therapy, with peptic ulcers reported in 0.4% of the patients or 1 ulcer for 200 patient years. The incidence of photosensitivity or onycholysis was 9%. Laboratory examinations revealed no significant changes in BUN, hematocrit, hemoglobin, SGOT, and SGPT values. The only trend toward abnormal values was seen in the LDH in patients with RA.
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PMID:Long-term safety of benoxaprofen. 699 65

During clinical trials with benoxaprofen, some patients noted burning and stinging in the skin when exposed to light and some developed onycholysis. A four-part prospective study was undertaken. During the first part of the study it was demonstrated that (1) benoxaprofen is associated with a hypersensitivity to long wave-length ultraviolet light (UVA). During the remaining three parts of the study, patients were exposed to very high doses of UVA light in order to try to induce a photosensitivity response. These studies demonstrated that (2) the symptoms of burning and stinging in the skin and signs of erythema and induration after very high-dose UVA exposure (30 Joule) may be prevented by the prophylactic application of a factor 15 sunscreen; (3) exposure to sunlight is required for the development of onycholysis in patients on benoxaprofen; and (4) the development of onycholysis was prevented by the regular use of a nail polish containing sunscreen. A commercially available, colored, opaque nail polish also would be expected to provide protection from onycholysis.
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PMID:The phototoxic effects of benoxaprofen and their management and prevention. 708 77

Benoxaprofen (Opren) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of arthritis. Photosensitivity, including onycholysis, has been reported in the rheumatologic literature. This drug has recently been approved for use in the United States under the name of Oraflex. In order to alert the dermatology community, we report a case of photo-onycholysis which developed in a patient being treated with benoxaprofen and review the data on this drug and its side effects.
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PMID:Benoxaprofen-induced photo-onycholysis. 714 76

A case of phototoxic onycholysis secondary to treatment with doxycycline is presented. Tetracyclines are known to provoke photosensitivity reactions in some individuals exposed to sunlight. The typical photo-toxic manifestation is erythema, but cases with onycholysis have also been reported in the past. With travel to regions with sunny climates it will be important to be aware of the risk of developing onycholysis following the use of tetracyclines and to avoid the most potential phototoxic derivates, especially doxycycline.
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PMID:[Doxycycline induced photoonycholysis]. 921 73

Photosensitivity may be phototoxic or photoallergic. Phototoxicity is much more common. There are 2 types of phototoxicity: photodynamic, which requires oxygen, and nonphotodynamic, which does not. Reactions induced by porphyrin molecules, coal tar derivatives, and many drugs are photodynamic. The reaction induced by psoralens, for the most part, is nonphotodynamic. Acute phototoxic reactions are characterized by erythema and edema followed by hyperpigmentation. Long-term ultraviolet phototoxicity results in chronic sun damage and skin cancer formation. Also, certain chemicals such as psoralen molecules and coal tar are photocarcinogenic. Phototoxic reactions to certain drugs produce unusual clinical patterns, that is lichenoid eruptions, dyschromia, photo-onycholysis, and pseudoporphyria. Photoallergy is an uncommon acquired altered reactivity dependent on an immediate antibody or a delayed cell mediated reaction. Solar urticaria is an example of the former, whereas photoallergy to exogenous chemicals is an example of the latter. Photoallergy to systemic drugs does occur but is difficult to characterize. The action spectrum for photoreactions to exogenous agents usually at least includes the ultraviolet A rays for both phototoxicity and photoallergy.
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PMID:Phototoxicity and photoallergy. 1060 93


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