UMLS:C0348321 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field]. 182 75

The genomic DNA of Haemophilus paragallinarum (Hpg) serotype A strain 221 was cloned into vector plasmid pBR322. The recombinant plasmids were introduced into Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain C600. Subsequently, a total of 277 transformants were obtained. One, designated strain no. 6, expressed hemagglutination activity against chicken erythrocytes. Strain no. 6 contained the recombinant plasmid pNV102, and DNA of about 2.57 kb was inserted into pNV102. When strain no. 6 was cured of pNV102, the strain lost hemagglutination activity. When the cured strain was retransformed with pNV102, hemagglutination activity was restored. E. coli strain no. 6 reacted with monoclonal antibody specific to the hemagglutinin of Hpg serotype A in a dot-blotting analysis. Chickens immunized with the inactivated strain no. 6 produced the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody, and chickens possessing the HI antibody showed protection against challenge exposure by Hpg strain 221.
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PMID:Expression of hemagglutinin of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype A in Escherichia coli. 183 82

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new injectable cephalosporin, was used in 12 pediatric patients with infections. The following is a summary of the results: The 12 cases included 3 cases of tonsillitis (pathogen: Haemophilus parainfluenzae in 1 case, Haemophilus influenzae in 2 cases), 4 cases of pneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus in 1 case, pathogen unknown in 3 cases), 2 cases of nephropyelitis (Escherichia coli in 2 cases), 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis (pathogen unknown), 1 case of purulent thyroiditis (mixed infection of Streptococcus milleri, Haemophilus aphrophilus and anaerobes), and 1 case of vulvar abscess (E. coli). Dose levels of CZON were 42.9 approximately 93.3 mg/kg/day divided into 3 or 4 times and the drug was intravenously injected for 6 to 12 days. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 3 cases, with the efficacy rate of 75.0%. The 3 cases with poor efficacy consisted of 1 case each of pneumonia complicated with chronic granulomatosis, purulent thyroiditis associated with piriform recess fistula, and purulent lymphadenitis of armpit developed after surgical operation of congenital heart disease. In the first 2 cases satisfactory efficacy was not obtained by chemotherapy alone, and complete cure was seen after surgical operation. Side effects were not observed clinically. One case each of slight prolongation of prothrombin time and transient elevations of GOT and GPT values were noted but no severe abnormalities were found in laboratory tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 359 92

The transport of Fe(III)-siderophore complexes and vitamin B12 across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli requires the TonB-dependent energy transduction system. A set of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was generated against an E. coli TrpC-TonB fusion protein to facilitate structure and function studies. In the present study, the epitopes recognized by these MAbs were mapped, and their distribution in gram-negative organisms was examined. Cross-species reactivity patterns obtained against TonB homologs of known sequence were used to refine epitope mapping, with some epitopes ultimately confirmed by inhibition experiments using synthetic polypeptides. Epitopes recognized by this set of MAbs were conserved in TonB homologs for 9 of 12 species in the family Enterobacteriaceae (including E. coli), including previously unidentified TonB homologs in Shigella, Citrobacter, Proteus, and Kluyvera species. These homologs were also detected by a polyclonal alpha-TrpC-TonB serum that additionally recognized the known Yersinia enterocolitica TonB homolog and a putative TonB homolog in Edwardsiella tarda. These antibody preparations failed to detect the known TonB homologs of either Pseudomonas putida or Haemophilus influenzae but did identify potential TonB homologs in several other nonenteric gram-negative species. In vivo chemical cross-linking experiments demonstrated that in addition to TonB, auxiliary components of the TonB-dependent energy transduction system are broadly conserved in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that the TonB system represents a common system for high-affinity active transport across the gram-negative outer membrane.
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PMID:Identification of TonB homologs in the family Enterobacteriaceae and evidence for conservation of TonB-dependent energy transduction complexes. 863 14

Isolated pathogenic bacteria from sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema who were admitted in our hospital from 1984 to 1994 were examined to elucidate the relationship between isolated bacteria from sputum and pulmonary functions including vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), PaO2 and PaCO2. VC of the patients from whom MSSA (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus) or Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) were isolated was significantly lower than that of the patients from whom Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Branhamella catarrhalis (B. catarrhalis) or Haemophilus influenza (H. influenza) were isolated. FEV1.0 had a similar tendency as VC in terms of isolated organisms from the patients with emphysema. Similarly, PO2 of the patients from whom MSSA or E. cloacae were isolated was significantly lower than that of the patients from whom S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis or H. influenzae were isolated, and PCO2 of the patients from whom S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis or H. influenza were isolated. There was also impaired respiratory function in the patients from whom MSSA, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Xanthomonas maltophilia (X. maltophilia) or Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) were isolated, compared with those in the patients from whom S. pneumonia, B. catarrhalis or H. influenzae were isolated. These results suggest that isolated pathogenic bacteria are shifted from S. pneumoniae, B. catarrhalis or H. influenza to MSSA, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, X. maltophilia or E. cloacae in the course of impairment of respiratory function in pulmonary emphysema. The treatment and prophylaxis for acute exacerbation in pulmonary emphysema should be based on these results.
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PMID:[Pathogenic bacteria isolated from the sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema]. 870 5

The structural gene of the H-NS protein, a global regulator of bacterial metabolism, has been identified in the group of enterobacteria as well as in closely related bacteria, such as Erwinia chrysanthemi and Haemophilus influenzae. Isolated outside these groups, the BpH3 protein of Bordetella pertussis exhibits a low amino acid conservation with H-NS, particularly in the N-terminal domain. To obtain information on the structure, function and/or evolution of H-NS, we searched for other H-NS-related proteins in the latest databases. We found that HvrA, a trans-activator protein in Rhodobacter capsulatus, has a low but significant similarity with H-NS and H-NS-like proteins. This Gram-negative bacterium is phylogenetically distant from Escherichia coli. Using theoretical analysis (e.g. secondary structure prediction and DNA binding domain modelling) of the amino acid sequence of H-NS, StpA (an H-NS-like protein in E. coli), BpH3 and HvrA and by in vivo and in vitro experiments (e.g. complementation of various H-NS-related phenotypes and competitive gel shift assay), we present evidence that these proteins belong to the same class of DNA binding proteins. In silico analysis suggests that this family also includes SPB in R. sphaeroides, XrvA in Xanthomonas oryzae and VicH in Vibrio cholerae. These results demonstrate that proteins structurally and functionally related to H-NS are widespread in Gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:The structural and functional organization of H-NS-like proteins is evolutionarily conserved in gram-negative bacteria. 998 32

The intragenomic heterogeneity of the bacterial intergenic (16S-23S rDNA) spacer region (ISR) was analysed from the following species in which sequences for the complete rRNA operon (rrn) set have been determined (rrn number): Enterococcus faecalis (6) and E. faecium (6), Bacillus subtilis (10), Staphylococcus aureus (9), Vibrio cholerae (4), Haemophilus influenzae (6) and Escherichia coli (7). It was found that some spacer sequence blocks were highly conserved between operons of a genome, whereas the presence of others was variable. When these variations were analysed using the program PLATO and partial likelihood phylogenies determined by DNAml for each operon set, three regions showed significant (Z>3.3) spatial variation [Region I was 78-184 nt long (2.1<Z<49.4), Region II was 10-60 nt long (3.7<Z<23)] and Region III was 6 nt long (3.4<Z>4.4) possibly due to recombination or selection. Within Region I, there was sequence block variation in all operon sets [some operons contained tRNA genes (tRNAala, tRNAile or tRNAglu), whereas others had sequence blocks such as VS2 (S. aureus) or rsl (E. coli)]. Q Analysis of the ISR sequence from E. faecalis and E. faecium showed that there was more interspecies than intraspecies variation (both in DNA sequence and in the presence or absence of blocks). Dot matrix analysis of the sequence blocks in the nine rrn ISRs from S. aureus showed that there was significant homology between VS2 and VS5/VS6. Furthermore, repeat motifs with only A or T were present in higher copy numbers in VS5/VS6 than in VS2. Since these sequence blocks (VS2 and VS5-VS6) are related, intragenic evolution resulting in AT expansion may have occurred between these two regions. A model is proposed that postulates a role for recombination and AT-expansion in intra-genomic ISR variations. This process may represent a general mechanism of concerted evolution for bacterial ISR rearrangements.
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PMID:The role of recombination and mutation in 16S-23S rDNA spacer rearrangements. 1057 Oct

Haemophilus influenzae tends to form part of the usual respiratory flora in adults, especially if they have a chronic underlying disease or are smokers. Pneumonia due to H. influenzae is frequently involved in respiratory infections and its level of resistance to ampicillin has remained stable over the last five years. Most of the literature on the subject was published more than 10 years ago. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evolution of 58 adult patients admitted to hospital for pneumonia due to H. influenzae over a 2-year period, with this group accounting for 6.5% of all the patients admitted with pneumonia during this time period. The etiological diagnosis was made using a good quality sputum sample. Forty patients (69%) were male. The mean age (+/- SD) of the group was 67 (+/-16.8) years and all the patients had at least one underlying disease. The mean duration of the symptoms was 6.7 days. All patients presented an increase in the quantity or purulence of the sputum. On admittance, respiratory failure was present in 52 patients (90%). Gram-negative coccus-bacilli were observed in the direct sputum test and H. influenzae grew in the culture. In two cases, H. influenzae was recovered from the blood culture and in one from bronchial aspiration obtained through bronchoscopy. Another pathogen was identified in 28 patients (48%). In 21 it was another pyogenic bacteria (15 S. pneumoniae, 4 M. catharralis, 1 K. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli), an atypical microorganism in 5 (3 C. pneumoniae, 2 C. burnetii) and a respiratory virus in 2 (syncytial and influenza A). Atypical bacteria and respiratory virus were detected using serological techniques. The radiographic infiltrate was unilobar in 54 of the 58 patients and all showed an alveolar pattern. The empirical treatment included the administration of a third generation cephalosporin (or a fluoroquinolone in patients allergic to penicillin). The evolution was favorable in all the cases in which H. influenzae was the only pathogen or was accompanied by an atypical microorganism or a respiratory virus. Four patients with mixed bacterial pneumonia died (2 S. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli and 1 M. catharralis). The study indicates that pneumoniae due to H. influenzae affects a population with an underlying disease, preferably pulmonary, that it has a longer clinical period than that for pneumococcal pneumonia, that it is slightly bacteremic and, that, usually, it evolves benignly with a low mortality.
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PMID:[Pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Study in a series of 58 patients]. 1085 18

Haemophilus influenzae tends to form part of the usual respiratory flora in adults, especially if they have a chronic underlying disease or are smokers. Pneumonia due to H. influenzae is frequently involved in respiratory infections and its level of resistance to ampicillin has remained stable over the last five years. Most of the literature on the subject was published more than 10 years ago. In this study, we describe the clinical features and evolution of 58 adult patients admitted to hospital for pneumonia due to H. influenzae over a 2-year period, with this group accounting for 6.5% of all the patients admitted with pneumonia during this time period. The etiological diagnosis was made using a good quality sputum sample. Forty patients (69%) were male. The mean age (+/- SD) of the group was 67 (+/-16.8) years and all the patients had at least one underlying disease. The mean duration of the symptoms was 6.7 days. All patients presented an increase in the quantity or purulence of the sputum. On admittance, respiratory failure was present in 52 patients (90%). Gram-negative coccus-bacilli were observed in the direct sputum test and H. influenzae grew in the culture. In two cases, H. influenzae was recovered from the blood culture and in one from bronchial aspiration obtained through bronchoscopy. Another pathogen was identified in 28 patients (48%). In 21 it was another pyogenic bacteria (15 S. pneumoniae, 4 M. catharralis, 1 K. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli), an atypical microorganism in 5 (3 C. pneumoniae, 2 C. burnetii) and a respiratory virus in 2 (syncytial and influenza A). Atypical bacteria and respiratory virus were detected using serological techniques. The radiographic infiltrate was unilobar in 54 of the 58 patients and all showed an alveolar pattern. The empirical treatment included the administration of a third generation cephalosporin (or a fluoroquinolone in patients allergic to penicillin). The evolution was favorable in all the cases in which H. influenzae was the only pathogen or was accompanied by an atypical microorganism or a respiratory virus. Four patients with mixed bacterial pneumonia died (2 S. pneumoniae, 1 E. coli and 1 M. catharralis). The study indicates that pneumoniae due to H. influenzae affects a population with an underlying disease, preferably pulmonary, that it has a longer clinical period than that for pneumococcal pneumonia, that it is slightly bacteremic and, that, usually, it evolves benignly with a low mortality.
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PMID:[Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae.Study in a series of 58 patients] 1087 31

Antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase producibility were tested in 848 clinical strains collected at 8 hospitals in Kanagawa prefecture during the period from December 1999 to February 2000. Positive rates of beta-lactamase used the nitrocefin method (Cefinase) were 21.9% of Staphylococcus aureus, 10.0% of Haemophilus influenzae, and 99.0% of Moraxella catarrhalis. Furthermore, on the acidometric method (P/Case test) penicillinase (PCase), cephalosporinase (CEPase), and both of PCase and CEPase were found to be positive in 19.0%, 16.0%, and 16.0% for Escherichia coli, 6.2/0/3.1% for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0/66.3/26.5% for Enterobacter cloacae, 2.8/57.7/15.5% for Serratia marcescens, and 4.0/15.0/22.0% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Based on the assessment of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibacterial agents among beta-lactamase producing strains, there were 5 strains (4 strains of K. pneumoniae and 1 strain of E. coli) that may be ESBLs producing bacteria out of a total of 466 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. During this process, 1 strain of class-B beta-lactamase-producing E. cloacae was isolated. MRSA were found in 79.2% of S. aureus, and BLNAR were found in 8.9% of H. influenzae.
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PMID:[Antimicrobial susceptibility and beta-lactamase producibility of bacteria clinically isolated during the period from December 1999 to February 2000]. 1259 29

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