Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 (ATCC 27090) S-type lipopolysaccharide was investigated by methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, and 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy, and concluded to be composed of linear pentasaccharide repeating-units having the structure: [----3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1----2)-beta-D-Galf-(1----6)-alpha-D-Galp-(1 ----6)- beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-beta-D-Galf-(1----]n.
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PMID:Structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 (ATCC 27090) lipopolysaccharide. 246 82

The distribution of total and antigen-specific IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies in human colostrum was determined by ELISA using subclass-specific monoclonal reagents. In 18 samples of colostrum the mean ratio of total IgA1 to IgA2 was found to be 53:47, respectively, but significant individual variations were observed. In two samples we found unusually low levels of IgA1, while IgA2 was in the normal range. IgA1 and IgA2 antibody activities were determined against the following antigens: bovine gamma-globulin and beta-lactoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, protein antigen I/II of Streptococcus mutans, influenza virus vaccine, polysaccharides of pneumococcal, meningococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b origin, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli K235. The IgA antibody activity directed against the polysaccharides was almost equally distributed between the two subclasses. However, antibody activity specific for protein antigens was found predominantly in the IgA1 subclass while anti-LPS activity was mostly of the IgA2 subclass.
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PMID:IgA subclasses of human colostral antibodies specific for microbial and food antigens. 247 28

We have studies the role that interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1-like cytokine play in the mechanism of bone resorption that occurs in periodontal disease. To determine whether the bone cell itself produces IL-1-like cytokine, we examined bone cells migrating from fragments of newborn mouse calvaria. These bone cells were cultured in alpha-MEM with of without fetal calf serum. IL-1-like cytokine activity was measured by incorporation of [3H] thymidine into C3H/HeJ thymocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, a bacterium found in juvenile periodontopathy. The bone cells produced a significant amount of IL-1-like cytokine. The maximum production of IL-1-like cytokine was observed at 24 hours with the LPS in serum-free alpha-MEM. IL-1-like cytokine production stimulated by LPS was marked in the bone cells from LPS high-responder C3H/HeN mice, but not in those from low-responder C3H/HeJ mice. Peak of IL-1-like cytokine activity in culture supernatants of the bone cells was detected in fractions with a molecular weight corresponding to 15,000 daltons.
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PMID:[Production of IL-1 like cytokine by cultured bone cells: inducing effect of Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide on the cytokine production]. 248 80

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) grown in broth is much more sensitive to killing by antibody to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and complement than is Hib in bacteremic rats; upon brief incubation with low-molecular-weight components of plasma or serum, however, broth-grown cells are phenotypically converted to a resistance resembling that in vivo. This conversion was found to consume a limiting factor in serum filtrate, to require protein synthesis, and to occur independently of the presence of capsule. Less antibody to LPS bound to cells of the resistant (Res) phenotype than to cells of the sensitive (Sen) phenotype. In electrophoretic analysis the mobility of LPS bands was identical, but the staining density of the LPS bands extracted from Res cells (with phenol-water) was two-to fourfold greater than from an equal number of Sen cells. A similar differential was found in an immunologic assay of LPS in the extracts. Thus, Hib in the Res phenotype (and perhaps Hib in vivo) contains more LPS than Hib in the Sen phenotype, but its LPS appears less accessible to antibody.
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PMID:Serum factor-dependent resistance of Haemophilus influenzae type b to antibody to lipopolysaccharide. 258 Sep 14

Periodontal disease is thought to be initiated by a bacterial infection and subsequently developed by immunopathological mechanisms thorough host-parasite interactions. The macrophage and lymphocyte are the major functional cell types in the lesion of the disease and participate in tissue destruction and alteration of the periodontal connective tissue as well as in host defense mechanisms. However, the detailed implications of macrophages in development of the disease is still unclear. The aim of this study was to gain more understanding of the functional role of macrophages in periodontal disease. In this study, we examined the inducing effects of sonicated extracts from some gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria associated with the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, including Bacteroides gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, and Actinomyces viscosus, on activation of macrophage functions and IL-1 production by the macrophages from the mouse peritoneum. At a dose as low as 1 microgram/ml (dry weight) sonicated extracts from B. gingivalis induced an increase in acid phosphatase activity and in glucose consumption of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. A significant increase in the acid phosphatase and in glucose consumption was observed in the cultures at 24 h and 48 h, respectively, after the addition of the sonicate. Sonicated extracts from A. viscosus, a gram-positive bacterium, as well as B. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and H. actinomycetemcomitans, gram-negative ones, were able to induce the increase in acid phosphatase activity and in glucose consumption of the macrophages. These periodontopathic bacteria were found to strongly induce IL-1 production by the macrophages as early as 24 h after addition of the sonicates. A significant increase in the IL-1 production was observed at a dose of 1 microgram/ml of the sonicates. The inducing ability was equivalent to 1 microgram/ml Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The highest production of IL-1 was observed in the macrophages treated with H. actinomycetemcomitans among these sonicates. Sonicated extracts from both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were able to induce the IL-1 production by macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, which are LPS low-responders. These results suggest that periodontopathic bacteria have potent ability to induce macrophage activation and IL-1 production and that the activated macrophages may play an important role in development of periodontal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Inducing effect of periodontopathic bacteria on activation of macrophage functions and production of interleukin-1 by mouse peritoneal macrophages]. 260 96

Serotype b strains of Haemophilus influenzae are strikingly more highly associated with episodes of invasive, life-threatening infection in young children than are strains of other serotypes, but the role that the capsule itself plays in determining this virulence has not been dissected away from that of possibly linked virulence determinants such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using DNA from clinical isolates of all six serotypes (a-f) and a genetically-defined capsule-deficient recipient strain Rb-: 02, we constructed a series of capsular transformants otherwise identical with respect to outer-membrane protein and LPS subtype, biotype, and electrotype. Cloned DNA was also used to create type a and b transformants isogenic outside the capsulation locus to provide the most rigorous test to determine whether capsule alone modulates pathogenicity. Capsular transformants showed the same spectrum of virulence in an infant rat bacteremia/meningitis assay as wild-type strains, thus implicating the capsule polysaccharide as an independent determinant of virulence. Experiments in intact and splenectomised rats identified a critical role for type b capsule in enabling organisms to evade splenic clearance.
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PMID:The molecular basis of pathogenicity in Haemophilus influenzae: comparative virulence of genetically-related capsular transformants and correlation with changes at the capsulation locus cap. 261 36

Intracerebral inoculation of viable Haemophilus somnus resulted in suppurative or fibrino-suppurative meningitis of the brain and spinal cord in rabbits. Multiple fibrin thrombosis complicated with meningitis in the central nervous system was produced by intracerebral inoculation of H. somnus followed by intravenous inoculation with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. The latter reaction may be attributable to a form of Shwartzman reaction.
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PMID:Shwartzman reaction in the brain induced by Haemophilus somnus and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in rabbits. 265 82

A panel of eight murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against heat-killed Escherichia coli J5 and shown to react with J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These antibodies were then assayed by a suspension ELISA for reactivity with up to 20 heterologous smooth or rough isolates of gram-negative bacteria, which were assayed after heat or formalin treatment, or as live cells. Extracted LPS from the same bacteria were tested for reactivity with the MAbs by direct ELISA. The MAbs demonstrated broad cross-reactivity with most heat-treated bacteria. In contrast, cross-reactivity of the MAbs with live or formalin-treated bacteria was limited almost exclusively to E. coli J5, Hemophilus species, or rough mutants of Salmonella minnesota. Reactivity with extracted LPSs and lipid A varied considerably depending on the MAb. Further, when Western blotting was used as the assay only four of eight MAbs reacted with J5 LPS, and none of the MAbs reacted with LPS from smooth S. minnesota or any of its rough mutants. Adsorption of the MAbs with acid hydrolyzed, boiled, or live E. coli J5 prior to ELISA of the MAbs with J5 LPS supported evidence that none of the MAbs were specific for lipid A and that reactivity was greater with boiled than with live cells. Thus, the cross-reactivity of antibodies to E. coli J5 LPS is dependent on the physical state of the bacteria or LPS used for assay, the assay used, and the specificity of the antibody.
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PMID:Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli J5 with heterologous gram-negative bacteria and extracted lipopolysaccharides. 268 36

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be present in the cerebrospinal fluid largely as part of outer membrane vesicles (OMV), which could possibly alter its activity. Similar to inoculation of purified Hib LPS, intracisternal inoculation of Hib OMV into adult rats resulted in dose- and time-dependent increases in blood-brain barrier permeability. Polymyxin B, but not an oligosaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody, significantly inhibited the activity of Hib OMV. No change in blood-brain barrier permeability occurred in leukopenic rats inoculated with Hib OMV. Hib OMV was as active as purified Hib LPS on a weight basis and therefore appears to be a relevant vehicle for the delivery of LPS during meningitis.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicle-induced blood-brain barrier permeability during experimental meningitis. 278 92

Consecutive Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) isolates (333 total) from children with invasive disease in Finland in 1985-1986 were analyzed. All belonged to the common genetic clusters described in the USA and Europe. However, detailed typing demonstrated some characteristics unique to Hib strains in Finland. Of the isolates, 86% belonged to one of four distinct patterns according to the combination of outer membrane protein subtype, biotype, and lipopolysaccharide serotype: 1-I-1 (25%), 1-II-9 (8%), and 1c-I-1 (18%). Pattern 1-II-9 has not been previously reported; it was most commonly found in the most densely populated area of Finland and among children cared for outside the home. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis revealed that 87% of isolates with the pattern 1c-I-1 belonged to the electrophoretic type 21.8, which is seldom recovered from patients with invasive Hib disease in other countries.
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PMID:Bacteriologic epidemiology of Hemophilus influenzae type b strains causing invasive infections in Finland. 278 95


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