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Query: UMLS:C0348321 (Haemophilus)
 15,372 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The taxonomic distinction between Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus and the taxonomic distinction between H. aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus have been questioned. This study was done to determine whether multivariate statistical analyses of carbohydrate data from lipopolysaccharides could be used to distinguish between these closely related species. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted with phenol-water and purified. Carbohydrates were assessed by using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after methanolysis and derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride. The lipopolysaccharides from all of the species contained rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, and glucosamine plus galactosamine, but in varying amounts. A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. paraphrophilus also contained D-glycero-D-mannoheptose, while H. aphrophilus did not. Sample- and variable-oriented principal-component analyses of the carbohydrate data clearly distinguished among A. actinomycetemcomitans, H. aphrophilus, and H. paraphrophilus. Soft independent modelling of class analogy showed that no sample in the A. actinomycetemcomitans class fell within the 95% confidence limits of the H. aphrophilus class. H. paraphrophilus fell outside both classes.
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PMID:Multivariate analyses of carbohydrate data from lipopolysaccharides of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. 227 55

While Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been associated with rapidly progressive periodontal destruction in man, the closely related Haemophilus aphrophilus has not been related to periodontal disease. This may be due to differences in composition and structure of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of these dental-plaque bacteria, since LPS probably exerts a series of detrimental effects on the periodontium. LPS was prepared by the phenol-water procedure from the type strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus, purified by hexane extraction and ultracentrifugation, and analyzed with gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. While the lipid content of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans constituted 35.4%, it was only 18.4% in H. aphrophilus: 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were 21.1 and 14.3% in A. actinomycetemcomitans and 10.9 and 7.5% in H. aphrophilus. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in the polysaccharide portions of their LPS. A actinomycetemcomitans contained both D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (7.8 and 11.3%); H. aphrophilus contained only L-glycero-D-mannoheptose (17.4%). The rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucosamine/galactosamine contents in A. actinomycetemcomitans were 2.6, 5.2, 10.1, 22.4, and 5.2%, respectively; in H. aphrophilus, they were 2.1, 2.6, 19.4, 36.4, and 3.7%. Chemical differences in LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus may contribute to the divergence in periodontopathogenic potential of these organisms and help taxonomic differentiation.
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PMID:Chemical differences in lipopolysaccharides from Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus: clues to differences in periodontopathogenic potential and taxonomic distinction. 277 74

The oligosaccharide moiety of the lipooligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eag was isolated from the lipid component by mild acid hydrolysis and purified by gel filtration. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry indicated that the lipid-free oligosaccharide had a basic molecular weight of 1,768; polysaccharides comparable to high-molecular-weight O side chains were not found. Glucose, galactose, galactosamine, heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO), ethanolamine, and phosphate were identified in the lipid-free oligosaccharide by colorimetric assays, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, or an amino acid analyzer. The presence of KDO was not clearly established by a thiobarbituric acid assay or by growth inhibition by a diazaborine derivative thought to block KDO synthesis. However, the semicarbizide assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of KDO. Lectin precipitation by Eag lipooligosaccharide in gels indicated that beta-D-galactose was present and that some of this monosaccharide was a terminal, nonreducing residue linked to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lipid-free oligosaccharide was antigenic and completely inhibited lipooligosaccharide antibody (predominantly immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the solubilized lipid A moiety did not. H. influenzae type b lipid-free oligosaccharide differed from core oligosaccharide of Salmonella lipooligosaccharide by the presence of galactosamine and a smaller percentage of heptose and KDO.
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PMID:Composition and antigenic activity of the oligosaccharide moiety of Haemophilus influenzae type b lipooligosaccharide. 387 43

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae 1536, serotype 2, was isolated and purified by a procedure designed to be equally satisfactory for both smooth- and rough-type LPS. The LPS yield was 53%. Analysis of the preparations revealed that protein, nucleic acid, and cellular phospholipid contamination was negligible (less than 0.1%). Analysis of the sugar content of the LPS by gas-liquid chromatography and colorimetric analysis revealed the presence of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, heptose, glucosamine, galactosamine, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. The heptose and glucose contents appeared to be unusually high. The fatty acids of the LPS consisted of a mixture of C14:0 and C16:0 in a ratio of about 4.5:1 (50% of the total) and 3-hydroxy C14:0. When used as a preparatory dose for the dermal Shwartzman reaction, as little as 10 micrograms of the LPS injected intradermally in rabbits produced reddening and swelling. After intravenous injection of a 100-micrograms LPS provoking dose, necrosis was observed at all intradermal injection sites. Limulus amebocyte lysate gelation was observed with an LPS concentration as low as 0.5 ng/ml. A typical biphasic fever response was noted in rabbits injected with as little as 0.25 ng of LPS per kg of body weight.
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PMID:Isolation, purification, and partial characterization of a lipopolysaccharide from Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. 394 99

The lipopolysaccharides of three strains of Haemophilus influenzae with varying beta-lactam susceptibility were examined. All three strains contained galactose, glucose, galactosamine, glucosamine, heptose, phosphate, and a trace of mannose. None contained fucose, rhamnose, or mannosamine. Levels of 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid were consistently detected in all three strains at levels similar to that of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, but only following hydrolysis with 4 N hydrochloric acid.
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PMID:Lipopolysaccharide composition of three strains of Haemophilus influenzae. 633 47

In the present study, the closely related facultative, Gram-negative rods, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, were distinguished taxonomically by means of their carbohydrate composition in phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide. Both A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus lipopolysaccharide contained rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, galactosamine, and glucosamine. The content of galactose was approximately twice as high in lipopolysaccharide from H. aphrophilus as in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans. D-Glycero-D-mannoheptose was detected exclusively in lipopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans where it constituted 11.8-16.7% of the sugar content. This aldoheptose may therefore serve as a marker for chemotaxonomic differentiation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. aphrophilus. The present study also describes fragmentation of methylheptoside derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid (D-glycero- and L-glycero-D-mannoheptose) from A. actinomycetemcomitans as suggested by mass spectrometry.
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PMID:Differentiation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus based on carbohydrates in lipopolysaccharide. 651 46

Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is one of the major pathogens of human respiratory infections and has the ability to attach to pharyngeal epithelial cells. We characterized the epithelial cell receptor to which NTHI bind. Neuraminidase pretreatment of pharyngeal epithelial cells resulted in a significant decrease in NTHI attachment, suggesting sialic acid as an important component of the receptor. The attachment was not decreased in NTHI pretreated with 1,000 microg/ml of fucose, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, acetyl-salicylic acid and colominic acid. Only treatment with gangliosides D1a, D1b and D2 at a concentration of 12.5 microg/ml significantly decreased the attachment. On the other hand, treatment with gangliosides M1, M2, M3, D3, T1b and asialoganglioside M1 did not decrease the attachment of NTHI. Only ganglioside D2 inhibited the attachment significantly at a concentration of 12.5 ng/ml. Other isolates of NTHI showed a decrease in attachment after treatment with ganglioside D2. Treatment of cells with anti-human GD2 monoclonal antibody also decreased the attachment of NTHI in a dose-dependent manner. This study indicates that sialic acid glycoconjugate, GD2, is one of the receptors of NTHI on human pharyngeal epithelial cells.
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PMID:Attachment of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells mediated by a ganglioside receptor. 985 65